Polar Exploration/Index

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INDEX

  • Adélie Land, 23
  • Amundsen, Captain Roald, 166, 170, 242
  • Animals, land, absence of, in Antarctic, 109–110
  • Antarctic Regions, extent of, 15, 17–18, 32, 93; coasts of, 19, 22–23; connection with adjacent continents, 20–22, 125–127, 173; continental character of, 197, 234–235; former climate of, 126–127; interior of, 19
  • Atmosphere, transparency of, 214–215
  • Aurora, 220–233
  • Bacteria, 85–87
  • Balloons for meteorological purposes, 210–216
  • Barents Sea, 166, 170, 201, 203
  • Bathymetrical survey, 169–176, 195–196
  • Bay Ice, 54–56
  • Bear, Polar, 74–76, 111–116
  • Beardmore Glacier, 39–43
  • Beaufort Sea, 244
  • Ben Nevis Observatory, 193–194, 215, 221
  • Bipolarity, 147–148
  • Birds In Antarctic, 137–146; in Arctic, 134–137
  • Black ice, 56
  • Black snow, 83
  • Blue mud, 173, 191–192
  • Brown, Dr. Robert, 79, 130
  • Brown, Dr. R. N. Rudmose, 78, 91–95
  • Buchan, Dr. Alex, 224, 233
  • Buchanan, J. Y., 38, 70, 182–185
  • Burn, Murdoch, W. G., 29
  • Cape pigeon, 142–144
  • Challenger, 51–62, 149, 171–172, 175, 182–185, 186, 190
  • Charcot, Dr. Jean, 20, 81, 90, 94, 165, 198, 229–230
  • Coats, Major Andrew, 166, 170
  • Coats Land, 19, 23–25, 172, 186, 196
  • Cook, Captain James, 42
  • Currents, cold, 182–190; warm, 180–184, 187. See also Ocean currents.
  • Deeps, ocean, 172–173, 175
  • Density of sea-water, 176–178
  • Deposits of sea bottom, 190–192
  • Diatoms of sea, 77–80, 159–160; on ice, 76–77; ooze, 80, 190–192
  • Discoloured ice, 74–77
  • Dredging in Antarctic, 151–152
  • Driftwood in Arctic, 85–92
  • Drygalski, Dr. von, 23
  • Edward Land, 37
  • Emperor penguin, 137–138
  • Enderby Land, 19, 24, 151
  • Equipment for expeditions, 110
  • Expedition, organisation of, 239–242, 248–251
  • Exploration, aims of, 236–254
  • Exploration of sea, importance of, 169, 245–247
  • Fauna, characteristics of marine, 89
  • Fauna of Antarctic and relations with other faunas, 148
  • Ferns in Antarctic, 94
  • Field ice, 58, 65
  • Floe ice, 58, 60
  • Flowering plants in Antarctic, 90, 93–94; in Arctic, 90, 95–102
  • Föhn winds, 196
  • Food in Polar expeditions, 103–108
  • Foxes, Arctic, 122–124
  • Fram, 77, 112, 189, 200, 239, 242
  • Franklin expedition, 104, 110
  • Franz Josef Land, 59, 80–81, 84, 91, 96, 99, 106, 115, 118, 179, 181, 200–201, 221–224, 225–229, 231
  • Freezing-point of sea-water, 64, 71
  • Graham Land, 19–22, 24, 38, 41, 45, 81, 90, 94
  • Green snow, 83
  • Greenland, 100, 116, 134, 188–189
  • Greenland Sea, soundings in, 170–176; physics of, 177–178, 180–181, 201
  • Grinnell Land, 100, 116, 124
  • "Growlers," 46
  • Gulf Stream, 181
  • Hansa, 189
  • Hare, 121
  • Health in Arctic regions, 85–87
  • Hummocks, 61
  • Hunters, 120, 122, 130, 133, 243
  • Ice, discoloured, 74–77; formation of, 54–58; islands, 35; movements of, 60–65; navigation, 65–67; pack, 60–68; pancake, 57–58
  • Icebergs, Antarctic, 26–27, 35–38, 42–53; Arctic, 44; danger to ships, 47–53; effect on density of water, 177; weathering of, 39–40
  • Ice-cap, formation of, 34–35
  • Invertebrate life, 146–152, 155–168
  • Kerguelen, 90, 141, 143
  • Kites for meteorological purposes, 207–210
  • Lichens in Antarctic, 95
  • Lime-Juice, 105–106
  • Magnetic observations, 217, 219, 222–224
  • Markham, Admiral A. H., 124, 177
  • Melting of snow, 68–69
  • Meteorological work, importance of, 193–195, 197–199, 202
  • Meteorology of high atmosphere, 207–216
  • Michael Sars, 181
  • Mid-Atlantic rise, 174, 249–250
  • Monaco, Prince of, 158, 166–167, 170, 178, 208–216, 242
  • Monsoons, relation of, to meteorology of Polar regions, 197, 202– 203
  • Moose, 121
  • Mosses in Antarctic, 94
  • Motor-power on sledge journeys, 253–254
  • Musk-ox, 116
  • Nansen, Dr. F., 77, 112–114, 170, 176, 178, 200
  • Névé 34–35, 38–42
  • Nimrod, 187. See also Shackleton
  • Nordenskjold, Baron A. E., 166, 170, 178–179, 180
  • Nordenskjold, Dr. Otto, 38, 41–42, 126, 195–196, 229
  • Novaya Zemlya, 81, 96, 100, 179, 181, 200
  • Observations at the Poles, 11–14
  • Ocean currents, 77, 188–190, 200. See also Currents
  • Oceanographical research, 149–168, 160–192
  • Pack ice, 60–68; danger of, 63–64
  • Pancake ice, 57–58
  • Peary, Admiral R. E., 170, 176, 202
  • Penguins, 137–141
  • Petrels, 142–145
  • Pole hunting, 236
  • Pourquoi Pas?, 94, 149, 164–165, 172, 190
  • Red snow, 81–83
  • Reindeer, 118
  • Ross Barrier, 22, 36–43
  • Ross Sea, 19, 36–43
  • Rotifers, tenacity of life of, 84–85
  • Salinity of sea, 177, 185
  • Salt in sea-ice, 59–60, 70–71
  • Scenery amid ice, 15–17, 26–31, 72–74
  • Scotia, 24, 32, 52–53, 63, 95, 149, 160–161, 171–175, 184–187, 189, 191, 193–198, 207–208, 233–235
  • Scott, Captain, R. F., 37, 38–39, 187, 252
  • Scottish Antarctic Expedition, 141–142, 152–163, 186, 195, 218, 248, 254. See also Scotia
  • Scurvy, 104–108
  • Scurvy grass, 97–102
  • Sea elephant, 131
  • Seaweed, 88–89
  • Seals, Antarctic, 131–132; Arctic, 130, 132–133
  • Shackleton, Sir Ernest, 19, 37, 127, 188, 218, 234, 252
  • Soundings, difficulty of, 173
  • South Georgia, 90, 128, 142, 174, 198
  • Southern Ocean, 25, 32
  • Spitsbergen, 45, 81, 85, 91, 96, 99, 101, 102, 120, 122–124, 129, 177, 178, 181, 201–202, 211, 215, 243
  • Temperature, lowest recorded, 33
  • Temperature of sea, 54, 177–178, 182–185
  • Termination Land, 23, 171
  • Terns, 146
  • Thermometers, exposure of, 203–206
  • Thunderstorms and auroræ, 220–221
  • Tidal observations, 233–235
  • Townets, 159–160
  • Trawling, deep sea, 151–158, 161–162, 186
  • Unicorn, 130
  • Victoria Land, 21–22, 94
  • Walrus, 132
  • Water, supply of drinking, 68–70
  • Weddell Sea, 19, 24, 37, 43, 171–173, 186, 191–192, 197, 203, 252
  • Whales in Antarctic, 127–129; in Arctic, 129–130
  • "White ice," 56
  • Wilhelm Land, 23–24, 94