Scofield Reference Bible Notes/Exodus

by Cyrus Ingerson Scofield

Book Introduction - Exodus

Read first chapter of Exodus
EXODUS, "going out," records the redemption out of Egyptian bondage of the descendants of Abraham, and sets forth, in type, all redemption. It is therefore peculiarly the book of redemption. But as all redemption is unto a relationship with God of which worship, fellowship, and service are expressions, so Exodus, in the giving of the law and the provisions of sacrifice and priesthood, becomes not only the book of redemption, but also, in type, of the conditions upon which all relationships with God exist.
Broadly, the book teaches that redemption is essential to any relationship with a holy God; and that even a redeemed people cannot have fellowship with Him unless constantly cleaned of defilement.
In EXODUS, God, hitherto connected with the Israelitish people only through His covenant with Abraham, brings them to himself nationally through redemption, puts them under the Mosaic Covenant, and dwells among them in the cloud of glory. Galatians explains the relation of the law to the Abrahamic Covenant. In the Commandments God taught Israel His just demands. Experience under the Commandments convicted Israel of sin; and the provision of priesthood and sacrifice (filled with precious types of Christ) gave a guilty people a way of forgiveness, cleansing, restoration to fellowship, and worship.
Exodus falls into three chief divisions:

• Israel in Egypt (1-15.)
• From the Red Sea to Sinai (16-18.)
• Israel at Sinai (19:40.)

The events recorded in Exodus cover a period of 216 years (Ussher).

CHAPTER 1

Verse 17

feared
(See Scofield "Psalms 19:9").

CHAPTER 2

Verse 2

son
Moses, type of Christ the Deliverer Isaiah 61:1; Luke 4:18; 2 Corinthians 1:10; 1 Thessalonians 1:10.

• (1) A divinely chosen deliverer Exodus 3:7-10; Acts 7:25; John 3:16.
• (2) Rejected by Israel he turns to the Gentiles Exodus 2:11-15; Acts 7:25; 18:5,6; 28:17-28.
• (3) During his rejection he gains a Gentile bride Exodus 2:16-21; Matthew 12:14-21; 2 Corinthians 11:2; Ephesians 5:30-32.
• (4) Afterward he again appears as Israel's deliverer, and is accepted Exodus 4:29-31; Romans 11:14-26; Acts 15:14-17.
• (5) Officially, Moses typifies Christ as Prophet Acts 3:22,23. Advocate ; Exodus 32:31-35; 1 John 2:1,2, Intercessor ; Exodus 17:1-6; Hebrews 7:25 and Leader, or King ; Deuteronomy 33:4,5; Isaiah 55:4; Hebrews 2:10 while, in relation to the house of God, he is in contrast with Christ. Moses was faithful as a servant over another's house; Christ as a Son over His own house Hebrews 3:5,6.

Verse 18

Reuel
Called Raguel. Numbers 10:29.

CHAPTER 3

Verse 2

angel
(See Scofield "Hebrews 1:4").

Verse 22

borrow The use of little things. Cf. Judges 3:31; 1 Kings 17:12-16; John 6:9; 1 Corinthians 1:25-31

CHAPTER 4

Verse 1

borrow The use of little things. Cf. Judges 3:31; 1 Kings 17:12-16; John 6:9; 1 Corinthians 1:25-31

Verse 2

rod Sign of the rod = power Psalms 110:2; 2:9; Revelation 2:27. It was Moses' shepherd's crook, the tool of his calling. Cast down, it became a serpent; taken up in faith, it became "the rod of God" ; Exodus 4:20; 7:12. (See Scofield "Exodus 7:12")

Verse 6

Put now thine hand
The sign of leprosy. The heart ("bosom") stands for what we are, the hand for what we do. What we are, that ultimately we do. It is a sign of Luke 6:43-45. The two signs, rod and hand, speak of preparation for service:

• (1) consecration--our capacity taken up for God;
• (2) the hand that holds the rod of God's power must be a cleansed hand swayed by a new heart.

Verse 14

Aaron the Levite
(Cf) Exodus 28:1. (See Scofield "Exodus 28:1").

Verse 21

harden his heart
(Cf) Exodus 8:15,32; 9:34. In the face of the righteous demand of Jehovah and of the tremendous attestations by miracle that He was indeed God, and that Moses and Aaron were His representatives, Pharaoh "hardened his heart." Instrumentally God hardened Pharaoh's heart by forcing him to an issue against which he hardened his own heart in refusal. Light rejected, rightful obedience refused, inevitably hardens conscience and heart. Romans 9:17-24.

Verse 24

kill him
(Cf) Genesis 17:14 The context (Genesis 4:25) interprets v. 25. Moses was forgetful of the very foundation sign of Israel's covenant relation to Jehovah. On the eve of delivering Israel he was thus reminded that without circumcision an Israelite was cut off from the covenant. Joshua 5:3-9.

CHAPTER 5

Verse 1

Let my people
Cf. Exodus 4:22,23. Possibly Moses and Aaron shrank from delivering the message concerning the firstborn.

Verse 3

three days Cf. Matthew 12:38-40. By death and resurrection will God have his people separated from Egypt -- the world. ; Romans 6:1-11; Galatians 6:14-15; Hebrews 13:12,13.

CHAPTER 6

Verse 6

redeem
Heb. "goel," Redemp. (Kinsman type). See note, (See Scofield "Isaiah 59:20")

CHAPTER 7

Verse 5

when A prophetic sign also. The nations shall know Jehovah when He restores and blesses Israel in the kingdom. Isaiah 2:1-3; 11:10-1214:1; 60:4,5; Ezekiel 37:28.

Verse 11

like CF. 2 Timothy 3:8; Exodus 8:18
Neither Satan nor his tools can create life: Revelation 13:15 will be a "lying wonder": 2 Thessalonians 2:9

Verse 12

Aaron's rod

• (Cf) Exodus 4:2 As Moses' rod was the rod of power, the rod of the King Deuteronomy 33:4,5 so Aaron's was the rod of life, the rod of the Priest. As here the serpents, symbols of Satan, who had the power of death ; Revelation 12:9; Hebrews 2:14 are swallowed up, so in resurrection death will be "swallowed up in victory" ; 1 Corinthians 15:54; Numbers 17:8.

CHAPTER 8

Verse 23

division Heb. peduth, trans. "reemption."
Psalms 111:9; 130:7. It is, in type, Galatians 6:14.

Verse 25

in the land
The compromises proposed by Pharaoh are those urged upon Christians today. The first says in effect: "Be a Christian if you will, but not a 'narrow' one-- stay in Egypt." Invariably it ends in world-conformity, world-pleasing, and seeking the world's money for God Psalms 50:9-17 (Cf) ; 2 Corinthians 6:14-18; Galatians 1:4.

Verse 28

very far The second compromise is a modification merely of the first. "Do not be too unwordly." Cf. 1 Samuel 15:3,9,13-15,19-23.

CHAPTER 10

Verse 11

ye that are
The third compromise proposed by Pharaoh is, perhaps, as applied to believers, the sublest and most successful of them all. The most godly parents desire worldly prosperity and position for their children. Matthew 20:20,21.

Verse 24

said, Go ye
i.e. "Leave your property in the world." Cf. Matthew 16:25-27; Luke 18:18-25.

CHAPTER 12

Verse 2

first month
i.e. April.

Verse 11

passover
The Passover, type of Christ our Redeemer Exodus 12:1-28; John 1:29; 1 Corinthians 5:6,7; 1 Peter 1:18,19.

• (1) The lamb must be without blemish, and to test this it was kept up for four days Exodus 12:5,6. So our Lord's public life, under hostile scrutiny, was the testing which proved his holiness ; Luke 11:53,54; John 8:46; 18:38.
• (2) The Lamb thus tested must be slain Exodus 12:6; John 12:24; Hebrews 9:22.
• (3) The blood must be applied Exodus 12:7 This answers to appropriation by personal faith, and refutes universalism John 3:36.
• (4) The blood thus applied of itself, without anything, constituted a perfect protection from judgment Exodus 12:13; 1 John 1:7; Hebrews 10:10,14.
• (5) The feast typified Christ as the bread of life, answering to the memorial supper. Matthew 26:26-28; 1 Corinthians 11:23-26. To observe the feast was a duty and privilege, but not a condition of safety. As a matter of fact, the bread was not eaten by the Israelites on the night in which, nevertheless, they were preserved from the judgment upon the firstborn. Exodus 12:34-39.

Verse 38

mixed
This mixed multitude, standing for unconverted church-members, was a source of weakness and division, then as now Numbers 11:4-6. (See Scofield "Numbers 11:4"). There had been a manifestation of divine power, and men were drawn to it without change of heart. CF. Luke 14:25-27.

CHAPTER 13

Verse 4

Abib
First month, i.e. April.

Verse 13

firstling
The redemption of firstlings made a memorial sign to Israel of their own redemption.

Verse 17

repent
(See Scofield "Zechariah 8:14").

CHAPTER 14

Verse 19

angel
(See Scofield "Hebrews 1:4").

Verse 30

Thus the Lord saved Israel
Redemption: (Exodus type) Summary. Exodus is the book of redemption and teaches:

• (1) redemption is wholly of God Exodus 3:7,8; John 3:16.
• (2) redemption is through a person. (See Scofield "Exodus 2:2"). John 3:16,17.
• (3) redemption is by blood Exodus 12:13,23,27; 1 Peter 1:18.
• (4) redemption is by power Exodus 6:6; 13:14; Romans 8:2.

(See Scofield "Isaiah 59:20"). See Scofield "Romans 3:24".
The blood of Christ redeems the believer from the guilt and penalty of sin. 1 Peter 1:18 as the power of the Spirit delivers from the dominion of sin. ; Romans 8:2; Ephesians 2:2.

Verse 31

feared
(See Scofield "Psalms 19:9").

CHAPTER 15

Verse 1

feared
(See Scofield "Psalms 19:9").

Verse 13

redeemed
Heb. "gaal," Redemp. (Kinsman type). Isaiah 59:20. (See Scofield "Isaiah 59:20").

Verse 25

when he had cast into the waters
These bitter waters were in the very path of the Lord's leading, and stand for the trials of God's people, which are educatory and not punitive. The "tree" is the cross Galatians 3:13 which became sweet to Christ as the expression of the Father's will John 18:11. When our Marahs are so taken we cast the "tree" into the waters. Romans 5:3,4.

CHAPTER 16

Verse 1

second month
i.e. May.

Verse 15

manna
(See Scofield "Exodus 16:35").

Verse 16

according
Cf. John 6:33; 6:41,42,52. Christ gives himself unreservedly, but we have no more of Him than faith appropriates, ; Exodus 16:18,2; Joshua 1:1. Exodus 16:2 is our title. Exodus 16:3 is the law of possession:

Verse 20

left
As we are not nourished by the memory of food, so neither can spirituality be sustained on past appropriations of Christ.

Verse 35

manna
Manna, type of Christ as the "bread of life," come down from heaven to die "for the life of the world." John 6:35,48-51. A "small" thing Exodus 16:14 having but the taste of "fresh oil." Numbers 11:8 or "wafers with honey" Exodus 16:31, it typifies Christ in humiliation as presented in Matthew, Mark, and Luke; "having no form nor comeliness;... no beauty that we should desire him" Isaiah 53:2. But as such He must be received by faith if we would be saved John 6:53-58. To meditate upon Christ as He went about among men, doing not His own will but the will of the Father John 6:38-40 is to feed on the manna. This is, of necessity, the spiritual food of young believers, and answers to "milk" 1 Corinthians 3:1,2.
But Christ in glory, and the believer's present and eternal association with Him there, answers to "the old corn of the land" Joshua 5:11 the "meat" of Hebrews 5:13,14 or Christ as presented in the Epistles of Paul. (Cf) 2 Corinthians 5:16.

CHAPTER 17

Verse 6

rock
The rock, type of life through the Spirit by grace:

• (1) Christ the Rock 1 Corinthians 10:4
• (2) The people utterly unworthy Exodus 17:2; Ephesians 2:1-6.
• (3) Characteristics of life through grace:

CHAPTER 18

Verse 4

Eliezer
i.e. God is help.

Verse 19

Hearken now unto my voice
(Cf) Numbers 11:14-17. Jehovah entirely ignored this worldly-wise organization, substituting His own order.

Verse 21

fear
(See Scofield "Psalms 19:9").

CHAPTER 19

Verse 1

In the third month
At Sinai Israel learned the lessons:

• (1) of the holiness of Jehovah through the Commandments;
• (2) of their own sinfulness and weakness through failure;
• (3) and of the goodness of Jehovah through the provision of priesthood and sacrifice. The Christian learns through the experience of Romans 7:7-24 what Israel learned at Sinai. This division of Exodus should be read in light of ; Romans 3:19-27; 7:7-24; Galatians 4:1-3; Galatians 3:6-25 explains the relation of the law to the Abrahamic Covenant:
• (1) the law cannot disannul that covenant;
• (2) it was "added" to convict of sin;
• (3) it was a child-leader unto Christ;
• (4) it was but preparatory discipline "till the Seed should come."

third month i.e. June.

Verse 3

Thus shalt thou say
It is exceedingly important to observe:

• (1) that Jehovah reminded the people that hitherto they had been the objects of His free grace;
• (2) that the law is not proposed as a means of life, but as a means by which Israel might become "a peculiar treasure" and a "kingdom of priests";
• (3) that the law was not imposed until it had been proposed and voluntarily accepted. The principle is stated in Galatians 5:1-4.

For Another Point of View: See Topic 301181
Additional Factors to Consider See Topic 301321

Verse 5

if ye will obey
(Cf) 1 Peter 2:9; Revelation 1:6; 5:10. What, under law, was condition, is under grace, freely given to every believer. The "if" of Exodus 19:5 is the essence of law as a method of divine dealing, and the fundamental reason why "the law made nothing perfect" ; Romans 8:3; Hebrews 7:18,19.
The Abrahamic: (See Scofield "Genesis 15:18") and
New (See Scofield "Hebrews 8:8")
covenants minister salvation and assurance because they impose but one condition, faith.

Verse 8

we will do
The Fifth Dispensation: Law. This dispensation extends from Sinai to Calvary--from Exodus to the Cross. The history of Israel in the wilderness and in the land is one long record of the violation of the law. The testing of the nation by law ended in the judgment of the Captivities, but the dispensation itself ended at the Cross.

• (1) Man's state at the beginning Exodus 19:1-4.
• (2) His responsibility Exodus 19:5,6; Romans 10:5.
• (3) His failure 2 Kings 17:7-17,19; Acts 2:22,23.
• (4) The judgment 2 Kings 17:1-6,20; 25:1-11; Luke 21:20-24

For Another Point of View: See Topic 301180
See, for the other six dispensations: INNOCENCE (Genesis 1:28); CONSCIENCE (Genesis 3:23); HUMAN GOVERNMENT (Genesis 8:20); PROMISE (Genesis 12:1); GRACE (John 1:17); KINGDOM (Eph 1:10)
(See Scofield "Genesis 1:28"). See Scofield "Genesis 3:23". See Scofield "Genesis 8:21". See Scofield "Genesis 12:1". See Scofield "John 1:17". See Scofield "Ephesians 1:10".

Verse 25

So Moses
The Mosaic Covenant,

• (1) given to Israel
• (2) in three divisions, each essential to the others, and together forming the Mosaic Covenant, viz.: the Commandments, expressing the righteous will of God Exodus 20:1-26 the "judgments," governing the social life of Israel ; Exodus 21:1; 24:11 and the "ordinances," governing the religious life of Israel ; Exodus 24:12; 31:18. These three elements form "the law," as that phrase is generically used in the New Testament (e.g.) Matthew 5:17,18. The Commandments and the ordinances formed one religious system. The Commandments were a "ministry of condemnation" and of "death" 2 Corinthians 3:7-9 the ordinances gave, in the high priest, a representative of the people with Jehovah; and in the sacrifices a "cover" (see "Atonement," (See Scofield "Leviticus 16:6") for their sins in anticipation of the Cross ; Hebrews 5:1-3; 9:6-9; Romans 3:25,26. The Christian is not under the conditional Mosaic Covenant of works, the law, but under the unconditional New Covenant of grace. ; Romans 3:21-27; 6:14,15; Galatians 2:16; Galatians 3:10-14,16-18,24-26; 4:21-31; Hebrews 10:11-17. See NEW COVENANT.

(See Scofield "Hebrews 8:8")
See,for the other seven covenants:
EDENIC (See Scofield "Genesis 1:28") ; ADAMIC See Scofield "Genesis 3:15"; NOAHIC See Scofield "Genesis 9:1"; ABRAHAMIC See Scofield "Genesis 15:18"; PALESTINIAN See Scofield "Deuteronomy 30:3"; DAVIDIC See Scofield "2 Samuel 7:16"; NEW See Scofield "Heb 8:8".

CHAPTER 20

Verse 1

So Moses
The Mosaic Covenant,

• (1) given to Israel
• (2) in three divisions, each essential to the others, and together forming the Mosaic Covenant, viz.: the Commandments, expressing the righteous will of God Exodus 20:1-26 the "judgments," governing the social life of Israel ; Exodus 21:1; 24:11 and the "ordinances," governing the religious life of Israel ; Exodus 24:12; 31:18. These three elements form "the law," as that phrase is generically used in the New Testament (e.g.) Matthew 5:17,18. The Commandments and the ordinances formed one religious system. The Commandments were a "ministry of condemnation" and of "death" 2 Corinthians 3:7-9 the ordinances gave, in the high priest, a representative of the people with Jehovah; and in the sacrifices a "cover" (see "Atonement," (See Scofield "Leviticus 16:6") for their sins in anticipation of the Cross ; Hebrews 5:1-3; 9:6-9; Romans 3:25,26. The Christian is not under the conditional Mosaic Covenant of works, the law, but under the unconditional New Covenant of grace. ; Romans 3:21-27; 6:14,15; Galatians 2:16; Galatians 3:10-14,16-18,24-26; 4:21-31; Hebrews 10:11-17. See NEW COVENANT.

(See Scofield "Hebrews 8:8")
See,for the other seven covenants:
EDENIC (See Scofield "Genesis 1:28") ; ADAMIC See Scofield "Genesis 3:15"; NOAHIC See Scofield "Genesis 9:1"; ABRAHAMIC See Scofield "Genesis 15:18"; PALESTINIAN See Scofield "Deuteronomy 30:3"; DAVIDIC See Scofield "2 Samuel 7:16"; NEW See Scofield "Heb 8:8".

Verse 4

shalt not make
There is a threefold giving of the law. First, orally, in Exodus 20:1-17. This was pure law, with no provision of priesthood and sacrifice for failure, and was accompanied by the "judgments" ; Exodus 21:1-23:13; relating to the relations of Hebrew with Hebrew; to which were added Exodus 23:14-19 directions for keeping three annual feasts, and Exodus 23:20-33 instructions for the conquest of Canaan. These words Moses communicated to the people. Exodus 24:3-8. Immediately, in the persons of their elders, they were admitted to the fellowship of God. Exodus 24:9-11.
Second, Moses was then called up to receive the tables of stone. Exodus 24:12-18. The story then divides. Moses, in the mount, receives the gracious instructions concerning the tabernacle, priesthood, and sacrifice (Ex 25.-31.) Meantime (Ex 32.), the people, led by Aaron, break the first commandment. Moses, returning, breaks the tables "written with the finger of God." ; Exodus 31:18; 32:16-19.
Third, the second tables were made by Moses, and the law again written by the hand of Jehovah Exodus 34:1,28,29; Deuteronomy 10:4.

Verse 18

afar off
For contrast between law and grace, cf. Ephesians 2:13; Luke 1:10 with Hebrews 10:19-22.

Verse 20

fear
(See Scofield "Psalms 19:9").

CHAPTER 21

Verse 24

Eye for eye
Leviticus 24:20; Deuteronomy 19:21; Matthew 5:38-44; 1 Peter 2:19-21. The provision in Exodus is law, and righteous; the N.T. passages, grace, and merciful.

CHAPTER 23

Verse 14

Three times
Cf. Leviticus 23:4-44. Exodus for the wilderness; Leviticus for the land.

Verse 15

Abib
First month, i.e. April.

Verse 20

Angel
(See Scofield "Hebrews 1:4").

CHAPTER 24

Verse 4

builded
Cf. Exodus 33:7-11. This arrangement for worship was temporarily called the "tabernacle."

Verse 11

eat and drink
Symbol of communion. Cf. Luke 22:15-18. A blood-sprinkled people, see Hebrews 9:19-22 who had not yet broken the law could thus commune with God. Never again was this repeated. Cf. Exodus 24:9-11 with Leviticus 16:2 and Hebrews 9:6-8 But cf., under grace, ; Ephesians 2:13; Hebrews 10:19,20.

CHAPTER 25

Verse 1

the Lord spoke unto Moses
The general authority for the types of Exodus is found:

• (1) as to the persons and events, in 1 Corinthians 10:1-11.
• (2) as to the tabernacle, in Hebrews 9:1-24. Having the assurance that in the tabernacle everything is typical, the details must of necessity be received as such. Two warnings are necessary:
• (1) Nothing may be dogmatically asserted to be a type without explicit New Testament authority; and
• (2) all types not so authenticated must be recognized as having the authority of analogy, or spiritual congruity, merely. The typical meanings of the materials and colours of the tabernacle are believed to be as follows: Gold, Deity in manifestation--divine glory; silver, redemption Exodus 30:12-16. (See Scofield "Exodus 38:27") , brass, symbol of judgment, as in the brazen altar and in the serpent of brass Numbers 21:6-9 blue, heavenly in nature or origin; purple, royalty; scarlet, sacrifice.

Verse 2

willingly
(See Scofield "2 Corinthians 8:1").

Verse 5

shittim wood
i.e. acacia.

Verse 9

tabernacle pattern
The tabernacle, speaking comprehensively, is explained in the N.T. as typical in three ways:

• (1) of the Church as a habitation of God through the Spirit Exodus 25:8; Ephesians 2:19-22
• (2) of the believer 2 Corinthians 6:16
• (3) as a figure of things in the heavens Hebrews 9:23,24. In detail, all speaks of Christ:

\li2 (1) The ark, in its materials, acacia-wood (See Scofield "Exodus 26:15") and gold, is a type of the humanity and deity of Christ. \li2 (2) In its contents, a type of Christ, as: \li3 (a) having God's law in His heart Exodus 25:16. (b) the wilderness food (or portion) of His people Exodus 16:33 (c) Himself the resurrection, of which Aaron;s rod is the symbol Numbers 17:10.
\li2 (3) In its use the ark, especially the mercy-seat, was a type of God's throne. That it was, to the sinning Israelite, a throne of grace and not of judgment was due to the mercy-seat formed of gold and sprinkled with the blood of atonement, which vindicated the law, and divine holiness guarded by the cherubim Genesis 3:24
(See Scofield "Ezekiel 1:5") See PROPITIATION, See Scofield "Romans 3:25"

Verse 10

make an ark
All begins with the ark, which, in the completed tabernacle, was placed in the holy of holies, because, in revelation, God begins from Himself, working outward toward man; as, in approach, the worshipper begins from himself, moving toward God in the holy of holies. The same order is followed in the Levitical offerings (Le 1.-5.). In approach man begins at the brazen altar, type of the Cross, where, in the fire of judgment, atonement is made.
make an ark The most inclusive type of Christ, Gold = Deity; wood = humanity. History:
Numbers 3:31; 10:33; Joshua 3:3-15; 6:11; Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 3:3; 4:1-11; 5:1-10 ; 6:1-21; 1 Samuel 7:1,2; 2 Samuel 6:2-17; 7:2; 15:24-29; 1 Kings 8:1-21 not carried to Babylon, ; 2 Kings 24:13; 2 Chronicles 35:3, not mentioned in Ezra or Neh. Where is it? Revelation 11:19
shittim wood i.e. acacia.

Verse 17

mercy
See "Propitiation." (See Scofield "Romans 3:25").

Verse 23

shittim wood
i.e. acacia.

Verse 28

shittim wood
i.e. acacia.

Verse 30

shewbread
Showbread, type of Christ, the Bread of God, nourisher of the Christian's life as a believer-priest 1 Peter 2:9; Revelation 1:6. In John 6:33-58 our Lord has more in mind the manna, that food which "came down"; but all typical meanings of "bread" are there gathered into His words. The manna is the life-giving Christ; the showbread, the life-sustaining Christ. The showbread typifies Christ as the "corn of wheat" John 12:24 ground in the mill of suffering John 12:27 and brought into the fire of judgment John 12:31-33. We, as priests, by faith feed upon Him as having undergone that in our stead and for our sakes. It is meditation upon Christ, as in Hebrews 12:2,3.

Verse 31

candlestick
Candlestick, type of Christ our Light, shining in the fullness of the power of the sevenfold Spirit Isaiah 11:2; Hebrews 1:9; Revelation 1:4. Natural light was excluded from the tabernacle. (Cf) 1 Corinthians 2:14,15.
(See Scofield "Genesis 1:16") John 1:4.

CHAPTER 26

Verse 1

cherubims
fine twined linen Fine linen typifies personal righteousness Revelation 19:8. The fine linen here typifies the sinless life of Christ.
blue Blue. Christ's heavenly origin; purple, His royalty as David's son; scarlet, His sacrifice.
cherubims (See Scofield "Ezekiel 1:5").

Verse 7

goats' hair CF. Leviticus 16:5,7-10. The reference seems to be to the result of the ordinance of the two goats as "covering" (See Scofield "Leviticus 16:5") thus speaking of Christ in atonement See Scofield "Genesis 3:21". This thought is intensified in the colour of the rams' skins, Exodus 26:14.

Verse 15

boards
The typical meaning of the boards is clear as to Christ. Acacia wood, a desert growth, is a fitting symbol of Christ in His humanity as "a root out of dry ground" Isaiah 53:2. The covering, gold, typifies Deity in manifestation, speaks of His divine glory. As applied to the individual believer the meaning of the boards is less clear. The connection may be found in ; John 17:21,22,23; Ephesians 1:4,6; 1 John 4:13. Only as seen "in Him" could the boards be taken as representing the believer. So viewed the type is beautiful. In the world, and yet separated from it by the silver of redemption ; Galatians 1:4; Exodus 30:11-16; 38:25-27 as the boards of the tabernacle were separated from the earth by the sockets of silver, and united by the "middle bar" Exodus 26:28 representing both the one life Galatians 2:20 and one Spirit Ephesians 4:3 "all the building, fitly framed together, groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord." Ephesians 2:21.

Verse 19

sockets of silver
Silver symbolizes redemption. (See Scofield "Exodus 25:1").
(See Scofield "Exodus 38:27"). All the tabernacle rests upon silver except the hangings of the gate, the way of access. See Scofield "Exodus 27:17".

Verse 26

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 31

vail
The inner veil, type of Christ's human body Matthew 26:26; 27:50; Hebrews 10:20. This veil, barring entrance into the holiest, was the most expressive symbol of the truth that "by the deeds of the law shall no flesh be justified" ; Romans 3:20,; Hebrews 9:8. Rent by an unseen hand when Christ Died Matthew 27:51 thus giving instant access to God to all who come by faith in Him, it was the end of all legality; the way to God was open. It is deeply significant that the priests must have patched together again the veil that God had rent, for the temple services went on yet for nearly forty years. That patched veil is Galatianism--the attempt to put saint or sinner back under the law. (Cf) Galatians 1:6-9 Anything but "the grace of Christ" is "another gospel," and under anathema.

Verse 32

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 37

shittim i.e. acacia.
brass (See Scofield "Exodus 27:17").

CHAPTER 27

Verse 1

altar
Brazen altar, type of the Cross upon which Christ, our whole burnt-offering offered Himself without spot to God Hebrews 9:14.
height (Cf) Exodus 25:10. The altar of burnt offering is double the height of the mercy-seat. The atonement more than saves us-- it glorifies God John 17:14.
shittim i.e. acacia.
wood The wood (Christ's humanity), completely inclosed in brass, must have become completely charred by sacrificial fires. Cf. Hebrews 10:5-7.

Verse 2

brass
Cf. Numbers 21:9; John 3:14; 12:31-33 thus fixing the symbolic meaning of brass as divine manifestation in judgment.

Verse 6

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 9

fine twined linen
The fine linen commonly typifies personal righteousness Exodus 26:1 ref. (d), and in the hangings of the court stands for that measure of righteousness which God demands of any who would, in his own righteousness, approach. Christ, figuratively speaking, put up the hangings of the court in Luke 10:25-28. The only way of approach was the "gate" ; Exodus 27:16; John 10:9. The hangings of the court bar out equally the self-righteous man and the open sinner, for the height was above seven feet. Exodus 27:18.

Verse 16

gate
In the hangings of the court (Exodus 27:9), representing that practical righteousness which God demands in the law, and which, therefore, bars out all men ; Romans 3:19,20; 10:3-5. No colours are inwrought. But the "gate" is Christ John 10:9 and so the colours reappear as in the veil Exodus 26:31.

Verse 17

pillars
The fillets and hooks upholding the linen hangings are of silver (See Scofield "Exodus 38:27") for it is in virtue of His redemptive work that Christ is our way of access, and not by virtue of His righteous life (symbolized by the fine linen); but the pillars of the court rest upon brass sockets, not silver as in the case of the boards See Scofield "Exodus 26:19" and brass symbolizes divine righteousness in judgment See Scofield "Numbers 21:9". Redemption not only displays God's mercy, but vindicates His righteousness in showing that mercy. Romans 3:21-26.

Verse 19

brass
(See Scofield "Numbers 21:9").

Verse 20

oil
Oil is a symbol of the Holy Spirit (Cf) John 3:34; Hebrews 1:9. In Christ the oil- fed Light ever burns, the Light of the world John 8:12. But here we have not the world, but the sanctuary. It is a question, not of testimony in and to the world, but of our communion and worship as believer-priests in the holiest Hebrews 10:19,20. In the Tabernacle there were two compartments, two lights: the holy place with the candlestick (See Scofield "Exodus 25:31") the holy of holies with the shekinah, or manifested glory of God. These two places are now one ; Matthew 27:50,51; Hebrews 9:6-8; 10:19-21 but it is important to see that there are still two lights: Christ, the Light of life John 8:12 through the Spirit giving light upon the holy things of God, the showbread and altar of incense; and also the shekinah, now on the face of Jesus Christ 2 Corinthians 4:6. Into this twofold light we, as believer- priests, are brought 1 Peter 2:9. We "walk in the light," not merely which He gives, but in which He lives 1 John 1:7. But what of the command to "bring pure oil" Exodus 27:20. Because our access, apprehension, communion, and transformation are by the Spirit ; Ephesians 2:18; 1 Corinthians 2:14,15; 2 Corinthians 13:14; Philippians 2:1; 2 Corinthians 3:18. Our title to His presence is the blood Ephesians 2:13 but only as filled with the Spirit Ephesians 5:18 do we really walk in the light.

CHAPTER 28

Verse 1

Aaron
Type of Christ, our High Priest. Christ is a priest after the order of Melchizedek, but He executes his priestly office after the pattern of Aaron. Heb. 7. gives the order; Heb. 9., the pattern.
(See Scofield "Genesis 14:18").

Verse 2

holy garments
Heb. qodesh= "set apart" for God. Trans. "holy," v.2; "consecrate," v.3. Often trans. "sanctify." See summary, (See Scofield "Zechariah 8:3"). This is always the fundamental idea of a holy, consecrated, separated, or sanctified person or thing--something set apart for God. Infinite confusion would have been spared the reader if qodesh had been uniformly trans. "set apart."

Verse 3

consecrate
Heb. qodesh= "set apart" for God. Trans. "holy," v.2; "consecrate," v.3. Often trans. "sanctify." See summary, (See Scofield "Zechariah 8:3"). This is always the fundamental idea of a holy, consecrated, separated, or sanctified person or thing--something set apart for God. Infinite confusion would have been spared the reader if qodesh had been uniformly trans. "set apart."

Verse 4

garments
(See Scofield "Exodus 29:5").

Verse 5

take gold Gold, Deity in manifestation; blue, heavenly; purple, royalty; scarlet, sacrifice; fine linen, personal righteousness, see margin ref., Exodus 26:1.
(See Scofield "Exodus 26:1").

Verse 6

ephod Gold, Deity in manifestation; blue, heavenly; purple, royalty; scarlet, sacrifice; fine linen, personal righteousness, see margin ref., Exodus 26:1.
(See Scofield "Exodus 26:1").

Verse 12

shoulders
The place of strenghth. Isaiah 9:6; Luke 15:4,5.

Verse 15

gold Gold, Deity in manifestation; blue, heavenly; purple, royalty; scarlet, sacrifice; fine linen, personal righteousness, see margin ref., Exodus 26:1.
(See Scofield "Exodus 26:1").

Verse 29

heart
The place of affection. Cf. Exodus 28:12.

Verse 30

Urim and Thummim
Urim and Thummim, meaning "lights and perfections." Some make these to be simply a collective name for the stones of the breastplate, so that the total effect of the twelve stones is to manifest the "lights and perfections" of Him who is the antitype of the Aaronic high priest. Per contra, Leviticus 8:8. This would seem to be conclusive that "the Urim and Thummim" are additional to the stones of the breastplate. In use the Urim and Thummim were connected, in some way not clearly expressed, with the ascertainment of the divine will in particular cases ; Numbers 27:21; Deuteronomy 33:8; 1 Samuel 28:6; Ezra 2:63.

Verse 31

robe
(See Scofield "Exodus 29:5").

Verse 38

bear
i.e. be responsible for every neglect or offence respecting "the holy things," etc.

CHAPTER 29

Verse 1

do unto them to hallow them
The priest type of consecration. (Cf. the temple type, 1 Kings 8:1-11; 2 Chronicles 5:4,14. The order in ; Leviticus 8:1-9:24; differs from the order here. In Leviticus the filling the hands precedes the sprinkling.
bullock, rams (See Scofield "Leviticus 1:3").

Verse 2

cakes
(See Scofield "Exodus 25:30") See Scofield "Leviticus 2:1".

Verse 4

Aaron shares in the washing (i.e., symbol of regeneration), Titus 3:5; John 3:5,6

• (1) as needing it, be in this in contrast with Christ Hebrews 7:26-28
• (2) to typify Christ's action, who received the baptism of John, not as needing it, but as thus identifying Himself with sinners, and as fulfilling the Aaronic type. As in Aaron's case, His anointing followed the washing Exodus 29:4,7; Matthew 3:14-16.

wash Distinguish the washing from the use of the laver.
Exodus 30:18-21 This washing typifies regeneration
Titus 3:5 the laver, daily cleansing
1 John 1:9 See both John 13:10.

Verse 5

garments
The priest's garments were put on in reverse order of the instructions for making them:

• (1) The "coat" Exodus 28:39 the oriental long garment worn next to the person, made of fine linen. Exodus 27:9.
• (2) The "robe of the ephod" Exodus 28:31-35 a long seamless garment of blue linen with an opening for the head, worn over the "coat." Pomegranates, symbol of fruitfulness, were embroidered on the skirt of the robe in blue, purple, and scarlet, alternated with golden bells, symbol of testimony, which gave a sound as the high priest went in and out of the sanctuary. The robe was secured by a golden girdle.
• (3) The ephod Exodus 28:5-12 was next put on. A short garment made of linen, embroidered with gold, blue, purple, and scarlet, it consisted of two pieces, front and back, united by two shoulder-pieces and by a band about the bottom. Two onyx stones, set in gold and fastened upon the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, were engraved with the names of the twelve tribes: "and Aaron shall bear their names before Jehovah upon his two shoulders (the place of strength) for a memorial." Cf. ; Isaiah 9:6; Luke 15:4,5.
• (4) The breastplate was a square pouch Exodus 28:16 of linen to contain the Urim and Thummim. (See Scofield "Exodus 28:30").

To the linen pouch was attached the oblong gold setting containing four rows of precious stones, on each stone a tribal name. The breastplate with the jewel work was attached at the upper corners to the shoulder-pieces of the ephod by golden chains. Golden rings were sewn on ephod and breastplate, and the latter was further secured to the ephod by laces of blue through the rings. Altogether, it was called "the breastplate of judgment" because worn by the high priest when judging the causes of the people. (See Scofield "Exodus 28:30").

• (5) A mitre (or "turban") of fine line was made Exodus 28:37 to cover the head, bearing upon the front a gold plate engraved, "Holiness to the Lord" Exodus 29:36.
• (6) To these were added linen breeches, "from the loins even to the thighs" Exodus 28:42. The "coat" and linen breeches were made for the priests, also, and were the ordinary garments of high priest and priests as distinguished from the other garments, which were "for glory and beauty."

Verse 9

gird
Symbol of service. Luke 12:37; 17:8; John 13:4; Revelation 1:13.

Verse 10

put their hands
(See Scofield "Leviticus 1:4")

Verse 33

atonement
Heb. kaphar, "to cover." The English word "atonement" (at-one-ment) is not a translation of the Heb. kaphar, but a translator's interpretation. According to Scripture the legal sacrifice "covered" the offerer's sin and secured the divine forgiveness; according to the translators it made God and the sinner at- one. But the O.T. sacrifices did not at-one the sinner and God. "It is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins." Hebrews 10:4. The Israelite's offering implied confession of sin and of its due desert, death; and God "covered" (passed over," Romans 3:25 his sin, in anticipation of Christ's sacrifice, which did, finally, "put away" the sins "done aforetime in the forbearance of God." ; Romans 3:25; Hebrews 9:15. (See Scofield "Romans 3:25"). The word "atonement" does not occur in the N.T.; Romans 5:11 meaning reconciliation, and so rendered in the R.V.
See "Sacrifice," Genesis 4:4, and refs. (See Scofield "Genesis 4:4")
(See Scofield "Leviticus 16:5")

Verse 37

atonement
(See Scofield "Exodus 29:33").

CHAPTER 30

Verse 1

incense
Altar of incense, type of Christ our intercessor John 17:1-26; Hebrews 7:25 through whom our own prayers and praises ascend to God ; Hebrews 13:15; Revelation 8:3,4 and of the believer-priest's sacrifice of praise and worship Hebrews 13:15.

Verse 5

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 9

strange
(Cf.) Leviticus 10:1-3, two prohibitions are given concerning worship:

• (1) No "strange" incense is to be offered. This speaks of simulated or purely formal worship.
• (2) No "strange" fire was permitted. This refers to the excitation of "religious" feelings by merely sensuous means, and to the substitution for devotion to Christ of any other devotion, as to religious causes, or sects. (Cf) 1 Corinthians 1:11-13; Colossians 2:8,16-19. (See Scofield "Exodus 30:38").

Verse 10

atonement
(See Scofield "Exodus 29:33").

Verse 13

This they shall give
Cf. Exodus 38:25-27. Silver thus becomes a type of redemption. (See Scofield "Exodus 26:19").

Verse 18

laver
Laver, type of Christ cleansing us from defilement, and from "every spot or wrinkle or any such thing" John 13:2-10; Ephesians 5:25-27. It is significant that the priests could not enter the holy place after serving at the brazen altar till hands and feet were cleansed.

Verse 31

oil
Anointing oil, type of the Holy Spirit for service Acts 1:8.

Verse 34

frankincense
Frankincense is not to be confounded with incense (to which it was to be added), as it is often used apart from incense. We are told what composed the incense--never in Scripture what the frankincense was. All speaks of Christ--the sweet spices of those perfections which we may apprehend, the frankincense of that which God saw in Jesus ineffable.

Verse 38

smell
What is condemned here is making worship a mere pleasure to the natural man, whether sensuous, as in beautiful music to please the ear, or eloquence, merely to give delight to the natural mind. (Cf) John 4:23,24.

CHAPTER 31

Verse 1

smell
What is condemned here is making worship a mere pleasure to the natural man, whether sensuous, as in beautiful music to please the ear, or eloquence, merely to give delight to the natural mind. (Cf) John 4:23,24.

Verse 18

tables of stone
(See Scofield "Exodus 20:4").

CHAPTER 32

Verse 1

tables of stone
(See Scofield "Exodus 20:4").

Verse 10

let me alone
This whole scene affords a striking contrast between law and grace. (Cf) Moses' intercession with Christ's John 17:1-26 Israel was a nation, under probation Exodus 19:5,6 believers under grace are a family, awaiting glory ; John 20:17; Romans 5:1,2. For them there is "an advocate with the Father, whose propitiatory sacrifice never loses efficacy 1 John 2:1,2. Moses pleads a covenant Exodus 32:13. Christ points to a sacrifice John 17:4.

Verse 12

repent
(See Scofield "Zechariah 8:14").

Verse 14

repented
(See Scofield "Zechariah 8:14").

Verse 16

tables
(See Scofield "Exodus 20:4").

Verse 30

atonement
(See Scofield "Exodus 29:33").

Verse 34

Angel
(See Scofield "Hebrews 1:4").

CHAPTER 33

Verse 2

angel
(See Scofield "Hebrews 1:4").

Verse 7

tabernacle
CF. Exodus 24:4. This "tabernacle" is not to be confounded with that afterward made by commandment of God, but not yet made.

Verse 20

my face
Cf. (See Scofield "John 1:18").

CHAPTER 34

Verse 1

Hew
(See Scofield "Exodus 20:4").

Verse 18

Abib
First month i.e. April.

CHAPTER 35

Verse 7

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 13

shewbread
(See Scofield "Exodus 25:30").

Verse 24

shittim
i.e. acacia.

CHAPTER 36

Verse 3

free offerings
i.e. free will, (See Scofield "2 Corinthians 8:1").

Verse 20

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 36

shittim
i.e. acacia.

CHAPTER 37

Verse 1

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 7

cherubims
See, 1 Kings 6:23, (See Scofield "Ezekiel 1:5").

CHAPTER 38

Verse 1

shittim
i.e. acacia.

Verse 27

silver
Silver thus receives its symbolic meaning--redemption. The sockets were made of the redemption money of the children of Israel. Cf. Exodus 26:19; 30:13-16; Numbers 3:44-51.
sockets (See Scofield "Exodus 26:19").

CHAPTER 40

Verse 2

first month
i.e. April.

Verse 34

glory
Cf. Ephesians 2:22. What the shekinah glory was to tabernacle and temple, that the Spirit is to the "holy temple," the Church, and to the temple which is the believer's body. 1 Corinthians 6:19.