Tales from the Arabic/Story of the Weaver Who Became a Physician by His Wife’s Commandment

by Unknown

STORY OF THE WEAVER WHO BECAME A PHYSICIAN BY HIS WIFE’S COMMANDMENT.

There was once, in the land of Fars,^[1] a man who took to wife a woman higher than himself in rank and nobler of lineage, but she had no guardian to preserve her from want. It misliked her to marry one who was beneath her; nevertheless, she married him, because of need, and took of him a bond in writing to the effect that he would still be under her commandment and forbiddance and would nowise gainsay her in word or deed. Now the man was a weaver and he bound himself in writing to pay his wife ten thousand dirhems, [in case he should make default in the condition aforesaid].

On this wise they abode a long while till one day the wife went out in quest of water, whereof she had need, and espied a physician who had spread a carpet in the road. Thereon he had set out great store of drugs and implements of medicine and he was speaking and muttering [charms], whilst the folk flocked to him and compassed him about on every side. The weaver’s wife marvelled at the largeness of the physician’s fortune^[2] and said in herself, ‘Were my husband thus, he would have an easy life of it and that wherein we are of straitness and misery would be enlarged unto him.’

Then she returned home, troubled and careful; and when her husband saw her on this wise, he questioned her of her case and she said to him, ‘Verily, my breast is straitened by reason of thee and of the simpleness of thine intent. Straitness liketh me not and thou in thy [present] craft gainest nought; so either do thou seek out a craft other than this or pay me my due^[3] and let me go my way.’ Her husband chid her for this and admonished her;^[4] but she would not be turned from her intent and said to him, ‘Go forth and watch yonder physician how he doth and learn from him what he saith.’ Quoth he, ‘Let not thy heart be troubled: I will go every day to the physician’s assembly.’

So he fell to resorting daily to the physician and committing to memory his sayings and that which he spoke of jargon, till he had gotten a great matter by heart, and all this he studied throughly and digested it. Then he returned to his wife and said to her, ‘I have committed the physician’s sayings to memory and have learned his fashion of muttering and prescribing and applying remedies^[5] and have gotten by heart the names of the remedies and of all the diseases, and there abideth nought [unaccomplished] of thy commandment. What wilt thou have me do now?’ Quoth she, ‘Leave weaving and open thyself a physician’s shop.’ But he answered, ‘The people of my city know me and this affair will not profit me, save in a land of strangerhood; so come, let us go out from this city and get us to a strange land and [there] live.’ And she said, ‘Do as thou wilt.’

So he arose and taking his weaving gear, sold it and bought with the price drugs and simples and wrought himself a carpet, with which they set out and journeyed to a certain village, where they took up their abode. Then the man donned a physician’s habit and fell to going round about the hamlets and villages and country parts; and he began to earn his living and make gain. Their affairs prospered and their case was bettered; wherefore they praised God for their present ease and the village became to them a home.

[On this wise he abode a pretty while] and the days ceased not and the nights to transport him from country to country, till he came to the land of the Greeks and lighted down in a city of the cities thereof, wherein was Galen the Sage; but the weaver knew him not, nor was he ware who he was. So he went forth, according to his wont, in quest of a place where the folk might assemble together, and hired Galen’s courtyard.^[6] There he spread his carpet and setting out thereon his drugs and instruments of medicine, praised himself and his skill and vaunted himself of understanding such as none but he might claim.

Galen heard that which he avouched of his understanding and it was certified unto him and established in his mind that the man was a skilled physician of the physicians of the Persians and [he said in himself], ‘Except he had confidence in his knowledge and were minded to confront me and contend with me, he had not sought the door of my house neither spoken that which he hath spoken.’ And concern gat hold upon Galen and doubt. Then he looked out upon^[7] the weaver and addressed himself to see what he should do, whilst the folk began to flock to him and set out to him their ailments, and he would answer them thereof [and prescribe for them], hitting the mark one while and missing it another, so that there appeared unto Galen of his fashion nothing whereby his mind might be assured that he had formed a just opinion of his skill.

Presently, up came a woman with a phial of urine, and when the [mock] physician saw the phial afar off, he said to her, ‘This is the urine of a man, a stranger.’ ‘Yes,’ answered she; and he continued, ‘Is he not a Jew and is not his ailment indigestion?’ ‘Yes,’ replied the woman, and the folk marvelled at this; wherefore the man was magnified in Galen’s eyes, for that he heard speech such as was not of the usage of physicians, seeing that they know not urine but by shaking it and looking into it anear neither know they a man’s water from a woman’s water, nor a stranger’s [from a countryman’s], nor a Jew’s from a Sherif’s.^[8] Then said the woman, ‘What is the remedy?’ Quoth the weaver, ‘Pay down the fee.’ So she paid him a dirhem and he gave her medicines contrary to that ailment and such as would aggravate the patient’s malady.

When Galen saw what appeared to him of the [mock] physician’s incapacity, he turned to his disciples and pupils and bade them fetch the other, with all his gear and drugs. So they brought him into his presence on the speediest wise, and when Galen saw him before him, he said to him, ‘Knowest thou me?’ ‘No,’ answered the other, ‘nor did I ever set eyes on thee before this day.’ Quoth the sage, ‘Dost thou know Galen?’ And the weaver said, ‘No.’ Then said Galen, ‘What prompted thee to that which thou dost?’ So he related to him his story and gave him to know of the dowry and the obligation by which he was bound with regard to his wife, whereat Galen marvelled and certified himself of the matter of the dower.

Then he bade lodge him near himself and was bountiful to him and took him apart and said to him, ‘Expound to me the story of the phial and whence then knewest that the water therein was that of a man, and he a stranger and a Jew, and that his ailment was indigestion?’ ‘It is well,’ answered the weaver. ‘Thou must know that we people of Persia are skilled in physiognomy^[9] and I saw the woman to be rosy-cheeked, blue-eyed and tall. Now these attributes belong to women who are enamoured of a man and are distraught for love of him;^[10] moreover, I saw her consumed [with anxiety]; wherefore I knew that the patient was her husband. As for his strangerhood, I observed that the woman’s attire differed from that of the people of the city, wherefore I knew that she was a stranger; and in the mouth of the phial I espied a yellow rag,^[11] whereby I knew that the patient was a Jew and she a Jewess. Moreover, she came to me on the first day [of the week];^[12] and it is the Jews’ custom to take pottages^[13] and meats that have been dressed overnight^[14] and eat them on the Sabbath day,^[15] hot and cold, and they exceed in eating; wherefore indigestion betideth them. On this wise I was directed and guessed that which thou hast heard.’

When Galen heard this, he ordered the weaver the amount of his wife’s dowry and bade him pay it to her and divorce her. Moreover, he forbade him from returning to the practice of physic and warned him never again to take to wife a woman of better condition than himself; and he gave him his spending-money and bade him return to his [former] craft.

Return to King Shah Bekht and His Vizier Er Rehwan.

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1. i.e. Persia.
2. i.e. the case with which he earned his living.
3. i.e. the ten thousand dirhems of the bond.
4. i.e. exhorted her to patience.
5. Or performing surgical operations (ilaj).
6. i.e. the open space before his house.
7. Or “drew near unto.”
8. i.e. a descendant of Mohammed.
9. Or the art of judging from external appearances (firaseh).
10. Sic in the text; but the passage is apparently corrupt. It is not plain why a rosy complexion, blue eyes and tallness should be peculiar to women in love. Arab women being commonly short, swarthy and black-eyed, the attributes mentioned appear rather to denote the foreign origin of the woman; and it is probable, therefore, that this passage has by a copyist’s error, been mixed up with that which related to the signs by which the mock physician recognized her strangehood, the clause specifying the symptoms of her love-lorn condition having been crowded out in the process, an accident of no infrequent occurrence in the transcription of Oriental works.
11. Yellow was the colour prescribed for the wearing of Jews by the Muslim law, in accordance with the decree issued by Khalif Omar ben el Khettab after the taking of Jerusalem in A.D. 636.
12. i.e. Sunday.
13. Heraïs, a species of “risotto,” made of pounded wheat or rice and meat in shreds.
14. Lit. “That have passed the night,” i.e. are stale and therefore indigestible.
15. i.e. Saturday.