The Art of German Cooking and Baking/Fish
CHAPTER 8.
FISH.
THE VARIOUS PREPARATIONS OF FISH AND THE UTILIZING OF REMNANTS.
Every fish has a season when it is most savory. During the breeding or spawning season, no fish is good. When you buy a dead fish, observe carefully the following:
- The meat of the fish must be firm and must not show any form of decay, neither in smell nor taste.
- The skin must be tight on the fish.
- Both eyes must be clear, not milky or sunken.
- The gills must be red and slimy. Fish frozen very hard are not especially good.
The meat of middle sized fish is more savory than that of large ones.
When you buy live fish, take the lively ones, not those that swim on their side or back. The bought fish are best killed in the market. The quickest way of killing a fish is to stun it with a blow on the head or neck, then cutting, its throat and its tail.
You scale the fish by taking hold of its tail and with a sharp knife or fish scaler scraping off the scales from there towards the head.
To retain the nourishing qualities of the fish, it is not soaked in water, only washed and boiled immediately. Whole fish are put on the fire with cold or hot water. Pieces of fish are put on with boiling water or prepared in hot butter or lard to retain the nutriment in the fish, since the hot water or fat contracts the cells at the cuts. The skin of a whole fish retains the nutriment, therefore it may be put on the fire in cold water.
Fish must not be covered up while cooking or frying so that the temperature will not get too high. Frozen fish must be thawed completely before using; if this is not done, the inside of the fish is mostly rare when serving it. No dish will be good when the fish or meat used is prepared in a frozen state.
Fish are dressed by making a slight cut along the whole under side and taking out all intestines. The inner darker membrane must be entirely removed and the fish washed well.
Whitefish, shellfish, pike, codfish, pickerel, bass, black bass, white bass, flounders, plaice or sole, carp, salmon, trout, brook trout, cabeljou, river trout.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½–4 lbs. of fish
- 4 qts. of water
- Salt
- 10 pepper-corns
- 4 cloves
- 1 large onion
- 2 bay-leaves
- ½ lemon, sliced
Preparation: The fish is dressed and washed. Into a fish kettle pour 4 qts. of water, all the spices and enough salt to make it quite salty. Place the fish on the tray of the kettle in a swimming position and bring slowly to boil 5 minutes in cold or hot water, then set back to draw ½ hour. When the meat near the gills is not bloody any more, the fish is done. Before serving, rinse it with hot water to remove the scum and place on the platter in a swimming position. It is then garnished with lemon slices, parsley, lettuce and potatoes.
With the fish is served a fish gravy, mustard gravy, Bearnaise gravy or fresh creamed butter, browned butter, mustard butter, parsley butter, etc.
Any of the varieties named in No. 1.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½–4 lbs. of fish
- ¼ lb. of fresh butter
- Salt Juice of
- 3 pepper-corns
- Some flour
- 1½ cups of sour or sweet cream
- ¼ tsp. of meat extract
- ½ lemon
- 1 tbsp. of capers
- 1 tbsp. of Parmesan cheese
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed and dried, salted inside and outside arid rolled in flour. It is placed into a pan or if possible an earthen or porcelain dish in which the butter has been heated; then put into the oven and baked for 10 minutes to a light yellow color. Baste with the cream and lemon juice, sprinkle with the- Parmesan cheese, and add the capers and pepper-corns. In this gravy stew it ½ hour, then prepare carefully on a hot platter and serve. Strain the gravy through a sieve to remove all lumps, i. e., make it smooth. If it is too thick, add some cream or milk and pour it on the fish or serve it extra.
Remarks: This preparation is very fine. A little meat extract makes the sauce look more delicate.
Any one of the varieties named in No. 1.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½–4 lbs. of fish
- Salt
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 3 tbsps. of flour
- 1 pt. of water or bouillon
- 1 pt. of red wine
- 1 tsp. of meat extract
- ½ onion, sliced
- 3 slices of lemon
- ½ carrot, sliced
- Small piece of celery root
- 1 small piece of parsley root
- 6 pepper-corns
- 2 cloves
- 2 bay-leaves
- 1 tbsp. of sugar
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, dried, salted inside and outside and left in a cold place for 1½ hours. The gravy is then prepared. Brown the butter and flour and mix in all the ingredients, also red wine ; add water or bouillon and cook slowly 1½ hours and strain. It must be smooth and palatable.
Rub the salt off, put the fish into a porcelain or earthen dish in which the ounce of butter has been melted and roast in the oven for 10 minutes, basting frequently with the butter. After this, pour the gravy over it and stew the fish uncovered in the oven for ½ hour.
Remarks: The pan or dish should not be much larger than the fish, so that this is well covered with the gravy. Both fish and gravy are served on the same hot platter.
Any one kind named in No. 1.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½–4 lbs. of fish
- Salt, flour
- ½ cup of roll crumbs
- ¼ lb. of butter
- 1 beaten egg
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed and dried, then ripped lengthwise into two halves and the bones removed. Then salt, dredge with flour, dip into beaten egg and roll in bread crumbs. Drip melted butter on the fish, place into a flat pan and roast or bake in the oven, basting with melted butter. Serve with brown butter gravy and garnish with lemon slices.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 lbs. of salmon
- 3 qts. of water
- ½ cup of vinegar
- 1 cup of white wine
- 1 large onion, sliced
- 2 tbsps. of salt
- 1 tbsps. of pepper-corns
- 10 whole cloves
- 3 bay-leaves
- ½ lemon, sliced
Preparation: All ingredients are put into the water and then boiled. The fish is not scaled, but the insides taken out and washed. When the water boils, set it aside, put the fish in and let it draw ½–¾ hours. Cooking would make it tough. Serve a butter or madeira gravy with the fish.
Remarks: If the fish is a salmon, it requires 20 minutes to cook it.
Quantity for 15 Persons.
- 7 lbs. of salmon
- 7 qts. of water
- ¾ bottle of white wine
- 1 cup of wine vinegar
- 1 tbsp. of pepper-corns
- 6 cloves
- 3 bay-leaves
- 1 onion, sliced
- 1 lemon, sliced
- 1 piece of carrot
- 1 piece of celery root
- 1 piece of parsley root
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- ¼ cup of salt
Preparation: The salmon is dressed, washed and dried. The vinegar is heated and poured on the fish, then it is placed into a fish kettle in a swimming position and the water is poured on cold, so that it almost covers the fish. All the ingredients are added; bring it to boil and set aside to simmer 1 hour. The fish must be served carefully and garnished with parsley and lemon slices; potato balls are good with it. For gravy, serve creamed butter, drawn butter, egg gravy, remoulade gravy or mayonnaise dressing.
Remarks: Salmon is good served cold with a mayonnaise dressing.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 2 lbs. of salmon
- 2 hard boiled eggs
- 1 raw yolk of egg
- Fine salad oil
- 1 tsp. of mustard
- Juice of 1 lemon
- 1 tbsp. of vinegar
- 1 tsp. of sugar
- Salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
Preparation: The boiled fish is arranged on a glass dish in a mound after being cut into nice pieces and the bones removed. The gravy or dressing is made by stirring the raw yolk of egg into the boiled yolks, adding the oil a few drops at a time, also the lemon juice, vinegar and the other ingredients. It must be thick. The dressing is poured over the salad and slightly mixed with a wooden spoon. Garnish the salad with hard boiled eggs and green lettuce leaves.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 2½ lbs. of salmon
- Salt
- ¼ cup melted butter
- 1 tbsp. of finely sliced onion
- 1 bunch of parsley
- ⅛ lb. of butter for frying
- 2 tbsps. of lemon juice
Preparation: The salmon is cut into 3 to 3 slices, cleaned, washed and dried well. Brush the slices with the ¼ cup of melted butter, salt and put on the lemon juice, onion slices and parsley. Cover the dish and put on the stove for one hour but do not fry. After one hour, put into a broiler, broil for 10 to 15 minutes, basting with butter and turning frequently. You can also fry them in a buttered pan. Serve in a hot dish, garnish with lemon slices and parsley and serve with a tomato or olive gravy, or a cold, sour gravy.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of salmon-trout
- Water enough to cover the fish
- Salt
- ¾ pt. of vinegar
- 10 pepper-corns
- 2 cloves
- 1 bay-leaf
- ½ onion, sliced
Preparation: The fish is cleaned and washed. The water with all ingredients in it is brought to boil, the fish placed into it in a swimming position, cooked 10 minutes and served on a hot platter. A fish or egg gravy may be served with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of trout
- Salt, flour
- 1 beaten egg
- ¼ lb. of butter
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, dried, salted inside and outside, dipped into the beaten egg and then into flour. The butter is heated in a pan, the fish fried in it to a light brown color and a butter gravy served with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of eel
- 1½ qts. of water
- 6 tbsps. of vinegar
- 10 pepper-corns
- 2 bay-leaves
- 4 cloves
- ½ sliced onion
- ½ sliced lemon
- Salt
- Water for cooking
Preparation: The eel is killed by wrapping the head into a cloth and giving it a few blows with a hatchet; then rub it with salt from head to tail until it looks blue. Skin the eel by making a cut in the skin around the head and pulling this down over the tail; if it does not strip off easily, cut it loose with a sharp knife. Cut the fish into equal pieces and clean each piece separately, pushing out the intestines and inner membrane and rubbing it with salt.
1½ qts. of water is brought to boil with 4 tablespoonfuls of vinegar and the eel scalded with it. Heat fresh water, 2 tablespoonfuls of vinegar, pepper-corns, bay-leaves, cloves, 1 onion, lemon slices and salt; in this water the eel is cooked slowly 15 minutes. The fish is then served on lettuce leaves and garnished with lemon slices. Caper, mustard or remoulade dressing is served with it. This fish is good eaten cold.
Remarks: The remnants of eel may be used to make aspic or head cheese. The eel broth and skin are utilized for it. See Head Cheese and Gelatines, No. 9 Eel in Jelly.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of eel
- Salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
- 1 beaten egg
- Flour for dredging
- ¼ lb. of butter or lard for frying
Preparation: The eel is prepared as described in No. 11. The bones are taken out of the pieces, (these may be 3 to 4 inches long) salt and pepper, roll in beaten egg and flour and bake in hot butter to a nice brown color.
A Dutch dressing may be served with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of ell
- 3 tbsps. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of flour
- 1 qt. of white beer
- ½ onion, sliced
- ¼ lemon, sliced
- Salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
- 1 clove
- ½ bay-leaf
Preparation: The eel is prepared as in No. 11, the bones being removed from the pieces. The 3 tablespoonfuls of butter are stirred into the flour, the beer added and also all the spices and lemon and onion slices. Cook this gravy and put in the pieces of eel to boil 20 minutes. Serve the eel on a hot platter, strain the gravy and pour it over the eel. The gravy must be thick and very palatable.
Remarks: If the gravy is not thick enough, mix some more flour with water, stir it in and let it boil.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of eel
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 2½ tbsps. of flour
- 1 pt. of cream
- Salt
- Juice of 1 lemon
Preparation: The eel is prepared according to No. 11, cut into 4 inch pieces and cooked almost done in boiling water, salt, 2 tablespoonfuls of vinegar, ½ sliced onion, 8 peppercorns, 2 cloves, 1 bay-leaf. When almost done, take out the pieces and put them into the gravy, which is prepared in the following way: Heat the butter, stir in the flour, add the cream and stir well until smooth, add salt and lemon juice and let it simmer 10 minutes. Serve eel and dressing on a hot platter and place a rim of cooked rice around it. Then strew over the whole some fine minced parsley. If you wish you may sprinkle chopped parsley over the eel before serving, or you may cook the parsley in the dressing.
Remarks: The gravy must be smooth and savory.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 lbs. of eel
- 4 hard boiled, chopped eggs
- 1 tbsp. of chopped parsley
- 1 tbsp. of chopped capers
- Juice of one lemon
- Salt, pepper
- ½ tbsp. of chopped onion
For Cooking.
- 2 qts. of water
- 10 pepper-corns
- 3 cloves
- 1 bay-leaf
- 1 small piece of carrot
- 1 small piece of parsley root
- 1 small piece of celery root
- Salt
- ½ onion
Preparation: The eel is prepared as described in No. 11, its head and tail cut off and ripped open lengthwise; intestines and bones carefully taken out; then cut it in two crosswise, to make 4 pieces. These pieces are washed, dried and rubbed with salt. The four hard boiled eggs are chopped and mixed well with the chopped parsley, onion, capers, lemon juice, salt and pepper. This stuffing is put inside of the four pieces of eel and these rolled up tightly and tied with string, then each tied up in a piece of white cloth. Into the 2 qts. of water put all the ingredients for cooking, and the head, tail and skin chopped up into small pieces and cook 15 minutes. This eel stock must be tasted as to seasoning, vinegar added and the prepared pieces of eel cooked in it slowly for 45 minutes. Leave them in the stock until pretty well cooled off, then take them out and place them between two platters. After a few hours, take off the strings and cloth and cut them into thin slices which are served on green lettuce leaves and garnished with hard boiled eggs. You may serve them also with pickles and mayonnaise or mustard dressing.
Remarks: These eel roulades may be made into eel jelly. See Chapter Nine, No. 9.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- ⅛ lb. of bacon
- Salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
- ¼ lb. of butter
- 1 tbsp. of flour
- ¾ pt. sweet or sour cream
- ½ tsp. of meat extract
- 1 tbsp. of Parmesan cheese
- Juice of ½ lemon
- 1 tsp. of capers
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, dried and rubbed with salt inside and outside. The back is skinned by slitting the sides and pulling the skin off. The back is then larded with bacon strips. The butter is heated in a pan and the fish placed into it in a swimming position after dredging with flour and grated Parmesan cheese. The hot butter is dripped on, also the lemon juice, and the fish put into the oven to bake 15 minutes. During this time baste with the butter carefully so the flour and cheese make a crust on the fish. Gradually add the cream and capers, and bake the fish in this dressing for ½ hour, basting frequently. Serve on a hot platter. Color the gravy with the meat extract and if it is too thin, add 1 teaspoonful of flour, mixed with cream or milk, cook and strain. The gravy is served with the fish; garnish with potatoes and macaroni arid serve with sauerkraut.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- ⅛ lb. of bacon
- Salt, pepper
- ¼ lb. of butter
- 1 tbsp. of flour
- 1 pt. sour or sweet cream
- ½ tsp. of meat extract
- 1 tbsp. of Parmesan cheese
- Juice of ½ lemon
- 1 tsp. of capers
The Stuffing.
- 1 pt. can of champignons
- 2 tbsps. of butter
- ½ cup of sweet cream
- Salt, pepper
- 1 tbsp. of flour
Preparation: The preparation is the same as given in No. 16. The filling or stuffing is made from chopped champignons stewed in the butter, flour, salt, pepper and cream. This is stuffed into the fish which is then sewed up. The fish is larded and cooked according to directions in No. 16. The gravy is also prepared as in No. 16.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
The preparation and ingredients are the same as given under No. 16 and No. 17.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1 pickerel or whiteflsh, 3½ lbs.
- ½ lb. of bacon for larding
- ¼ lb. of butter
- 1 cup of cream
For the Fricassee.
- 18 crabs
- 2½ qts. of salt water
- 1½ lbs. veal sweetbreads
- Juice of ½ lemon
- Salt, pepper
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 20 champignons
- 10 peeled truffles
- 2 tbsps. of butter
- 1 tbsp. of lemon juice
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, dried, the skin taken off the back and this larded with bacon. Then it is sprinkled with salt and put into a pan in a swimming position with ¼ lb. of butter and 1 cup of cream and fried slowly for 1 hour to a golden yellow color. During this time simmer the 18 crawfish or crabs in salt water for 45 minutes. They should not boil, but simmer. From eight crabs take out the meat and leave the other ten whole.
The veal sweetbreads are scalded, the membrane removed, salted and peppered, the lemon juice dripped on, then dredged with flour and fried in ⅛ lb. of butter to a nice brown color. The sweetbreads are cut into nice pieces. The champignons are heated in 1 tablespoonful of butter; lemon juice, salt, pepper, 3 tablespoonfuls of cream are added. The truffles are peeled and sliced and stewed with ½ tablespoonful of butter, 3 tablespoonfuls of bouillon, 1 pinch of salt. The crab meat from the 8 crabs is chopped fine and stirred with 1 tablespoonful of butter and 1½ tablespoonfuls of flour; add a little cream and boil. The lemon juice, salt, pepper and 1 yolk of egg are stirred in and set to cool. Small dumplings are formed from this mixture and fried in hot lard. The batter for the dumplings must be thick; try one first and if it does not hold together, add more flour. These small dishes must be prepared while the fish is cooking. That which is done must be kept hot in hot water. The fish, when done, is served on a hot platter in a swimming position, three crabs are placed on the fish's back, the other seven along its sides. The pieces of sweetbread are also arranged neatly around the fish and the champignons and truffles, as well as the fish dumplings. All must be very hot and kept so until the gravy is done.
The Gravy: Into the butter in which the sweetbreads were fried stir some flour and add bouillon or water, pour it into the pan in which the fish was fried and cook for 3 minutes, taste and strain. It must be smooth and be served with the fish.
Remarks: This is a fine dish for parties. Potato balls and green lettuce are served with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of pickerel, white fish or cod fish
- Salt
- 1 sheet of paper
- ⅛ lb. of butter, good measure
Gravy.
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- ⅛ lb. of ham
- 6 tomatoes
- 3 tbsps. of flour
- 2 tbsps. of Parmesan cheese
- Salt
- Pinch of pepper
- ½ pt. bouillon
- ½ pt. of cream
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, dried, salted, placed into a pan and lightly covered with a buttered paper. Then the hot butter is poured over it and it is cooked in the oven until well done, basting frequently for about one hour. In the meantime the gravy is prepared thus: The ham is cut into small pieces and fried light yellow in the butter, with onion slices and flour, then add bouillon and cream, season with salt, pepper and add Parmesan cheese; also put in the sliced or chopped tomatoes and cook until pretty thick. Strain the gravy, taste it and heat it again. The fish, which must be a nice pink color, is brushed with the thick gravy and served in a swimming position. The rest of the gravy may be served separately.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1¾ lbs. of pickerel or codfish
- 2 tbsps. of butter
- 1 scant tbsp. of flour
- 1 small onion
- 1 pt. thick cream
- 2 yolks of eggs
- 1 tsp. of mustard
- 2 tbsps. of vinegar
- 1 tbsp. of salad oil
- Salt
- 1 pinch of white pepper
- 1 tbsp. of capers
Preparation: The boiled fish is cut up into nice pieces. The butter is melted, the peeled whole onion fried light yellow in it, then taken out. Stir in the flour, add the cream and cook 5 minutes. The 2 yolks are stirred in, but the gravy must not cook any more, cool it and season with salt, mustard, pepper, capers, vinegar and salad oil. Pour the gravy over the fish.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of red snapper
- Salt
- 1 beaten egg
- Some flour
- 1 cup of rolled crackers
- ¼ lb. of butter
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, dried and rubbed with a little salt. It is then dredged with flour, dipped into the beaten egg and cracker crumbs. The butter is heated and put on the fish, then baked in the oven for ½ hour until a nice brown. Serve a parsley gravy with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1 lb. boiled pickerel or whitefish
- 1 lb. boiled sauerkraut
- 1 egg
- 1 large piece of butter
- ¾ pt. of cream
- Some salt
Preparation: A baking dish or casserole is buttered and filled with layers of sauerkraut and fish alternating. The bones must have been removed and the fish cut into nice pieces. There should be 3 layers of sauerkraut and 3 layers of fish. After the dish is filled, stir the cream with some salt and pour over the whole. Put a little butter on top and bake in oven for 45 minutes.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- Salt
- ½ qt. of wine vinegar
Preparation: The turbot is drawn by making a cut across the dark side below the gills, then rub it with salt until all slime is gone. After washing it, pour ½ qt. of vinegar on and let it stand for ½ hour. Run the knife along the spine on the black side and slit the white side in several places to prevent the skin from bursting while cooking. Fins and tail are shortened. Put plenty of salt water into the fish kettle, put the fish in, white side up, and cook slowly for 5 minutes, then set aside ta simmer for ½ hour. Do not cover up the kettle. When serving, the white side should be up and garnish the platter with any kind of lettuce or salad i. e., cucumber salad, head lettuce or endive. Place lemon slices on the fish or small boiled crabs. Serve with a butter gravy or creamed butter and potato balls.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1 lb. of fish remnants
- A small calf's tongue
- ½ pt. of champignons
- 1 tbsp. of capers
- 3 tbsps. of butter
- ½ pt. of cream or milk
- Juice of ½ lemon
- Salt, pepper
- ½ pt. of bouillon
- 2 tbsps. of Parmesan cheese
- 2 tbsps. of flour
Preparation: The fish is cut into large pieces. A baking dish is buttered and the pieces of fish placed in. Add 3 tablespoonfuls of heated butter, stirred with 3 tablespoonfuls of flour, the cream, champignon juice and bouillon. The latter may be omitted. Cook the gravy until it is smooth and add the lemon juice, salt, pepper, chopped champignons and capers.
The tongue which has been boiled is skinned and sliced and put into the gravy, then boiled a few minutes and tasted as to seasoning. Pour this gravy over the fish, strew with Parmesan cheese and drip on some butter. Place the baking dish into a dish with water and bake in the oven to a nice color.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- Salt
- 10 pepper-corns
- 4 cloves
- 2 bay-leaves
- ½ onion, sliced
- ½ lemon, sliced
- Water
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed and put in a swimming position, into water enough to cover it and brought to boil. All the ingredients are added and after boiling up once, set aside to simmer ½ hour. Garnish with lemon slices and parsley. Serve the fish with a butter gravy mixed with fine chopped parsley or with an egg dressing.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
The preparation and ingredients are the same as given under No. 3.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of sparling
- Salt
- 1 egg
- 2 tbsps. of milk
- Flour
- ½ lb. of butter for frying
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, rubbed with salt and left standing for ½ hours. Then the salt is washed off a little. Beat the egg with the milk, brush the fish with it and dip it into the flour. Heat the butter and bake the fish in it in the oven to a nice brown color.
When served, pour the drippings over.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- ¼ lb. of butter
- Salt, pepper
- Juice of 1 lemon
Fish Bouillon.
- Bones, skin
- 4 pepper-corns
- 2 cloves
- 1 bay-leaf
- 2 slices of lemon
- ½ onion
- 1½ qts. water
- Salt
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, the bones all removed and cut into equal fillets. These are salted a little and left with the salt ½ hour.
During this time prepare the fish bouillon. The bones and skin are brought to boil in 1½ qts. of water to which the pepper-corns, cloves, lemon and onion slices and salt have been added and then cooked until the water has boiled down to ¾ qt. Then put the fish fillets into a buttered pan, season with 1 pinch of pepper, lemon juice, the ¼ lb. of butter placed on in pieces and ½ cupful of the fish bouillon poured over them.
The pan must be covered and the fish stewed in the oven for 25 minutes, then served on a hot platter, the drippings poured over. A Dutch gravy is served with it and the bouillon used for that. See gravies or dressings, Dutch Dressing.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of mackerel
- Salt
- 1 egg
- 2 tbsps. of milk
- Flour
- ½ lb. of butter for frying
Preparation: The mackerel is cleaned well, the head chopped off and the fish split open lengthwise. The bones are all taken out, the fillets rubbed with salt and let stand for 1 hour. Then it is washed a little, dried, dipped into the egg beaten with milk and into flour. The butter is heated and the fillets are fried in it to a nice color for about 10 to 15 minutes. Serve on a hot platter, pour the drippings over and garnish with lemon slices and parsley. If the drippings are not sufficient, make an extra gravy of drawn butter mixed with chopped parsley.
Made from whitefish, pickerel, cabeljou, shellfish, halibut.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 lbs. of fish
- 1½ rolls, soaked in milk
- 1 tbsp. of chopped parsley
- ½ tbsp. of chopped onion
- 1 pinch of salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
- 3 eggs
- ⅛ lb. of butter
For Stew.
- ½ pt. of white wi
- 1 oz. of butter
- 6 pepper-corns
- ¼ onion
- 2 lemon slices
- 3 tbsps. of lemon juice
The Gravy.
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of flour
- ¾ pt. of fish gravy
- 3 yolks of eggs
Preparation: The fish is dressed, washed, skinned, split open lengthwise and the bones taken out, then it is cut into pieces 6 inches long and 3 inches wide. The trimmings which are left, must be fully ¼ lb. and are chopped fine. From 3 eggs make scrambled eggs. Cream the ⅛ lb. of butter and mix it well with the soaked roll, chopped fish trimming, 1 tablespoonful of parsley, scrambled egg, onion, salt, pepper. Press the whole mixture through a sieve and stir in another egg. This stuffing must taste very spicy or piquant and is spread evenly on the fish fillets. Then roll each one up and tie it with a white string, place them into a roasting pan, add ½ qt. of water, ⅓ pt. of white wine, 6 pepper-corns, ¼ onion, 2 slices of lemon, 3 tablespoonfuls of lemon juice and salt. The 1 ounce of butter is cut into pieces and put on the fish, then cover the pan with a buttered paper and bake in the oven ½ hour. Serve on a hot platter.
The gravy or dressing is prepared by mixing ⅛ lb. of butter with 2 tablespoonfuls of flour, add the strained broth from the fillets, cook and stir in 3 yolks of eggs, strain and serve with the fish fillets.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 lbs. of codfish
- ⅛ lb. of soda
- 2 onions
- Salt
- 4 qts. of water
Preparation: The fish is pounded well, and put into water for 36 hours, changing it every 12 hours and adding a teaspoonful of soda at every change. After that, skin the fish and cut it into pieces, place it into boiling water with the salt, and 2 sliced onions, and let it simmer for 45 minutes. Serve it with drawn butter or mustard gravy.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1½ lbs. of boiled codfish
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of flour
- ¾ pt. of bouillon
- 6 pepper-corns
- 2 bay-leaves
- Salt
- A small cup of herb vinegar
- ½ onion
Preparation: The remnants of boiled codfish are cut in small pieces. The ⅛ lb. of butter is browned, 2 tablespoonfuls of flour stirred in, add the bouillon and season with vinegar, onion, pepper-corns and bay-leaves.
The gravy is cooked slowly ½ hour, seasoned and strained. Add the fish, reheat but do not boil and serve on a hot platter with potatoes.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- Salt, white pepper
- 1 egg
- 2 tbsps. of milk
- 1 cup grated rolls
- Juice of 1 lemon
- 1 onion, sliced thin
- ¼ lb. of butter for frying
- Some flour
Preparation: Skin the fish by running a sharp knife around the tail; loosen the skin from the meat and pull downward over the head. The white side is treated the same way, the tail and fins are shortened and the fish cut into convenient pieces. Every piece is cleaned well, salted and peppered, the lemon juice dripped on, the slices of onion placed on top, the pot covered up and the fish left in it to simmer 1½ to 2 hours. ½ hour before serving, each piece is dried, dredged with flour and dipped into the egg beaten with the milk and salt and then into roll crumbs.
The butter is heated and in it the pieces of fish are fried to a nice brown color. Serve it on a hot platter, garnish with lemon slices and parsley. The drippings may be used as gravy.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
The ingredients and preparations are the same as in the preceding, No. 34. The pieces of fish are put into boiling hot lard deep enough so they float, and baked to a golden yellow color.
Serve with a mayonnaise or caviar gravy. See Gravies or Dressings.
Remarks: The pieces of fish may be rolled in finely chopped or ground hazel nuts instead of bread crumbs; this is very fine.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3½ lbs. of fish
- Salt
- 1 egg
- 2 tbsps. of milk
- Juice of 1 lemon
- ¼ lb. of butter
Preparation: The fish is cleaned well, dried, cut in halves, lengthwise, the bones taken out, salted, seasoned with lemon juice, dipped into egg beaten with milk and then into flour. Heat the butter and fry the fish in the oven for ½ hour, basting frequently. Serve a butter dressing with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1 lb. of boiled fish
- 1 oz. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of flour
- ½ pt. of sweet or sour cream
- Juice of ½ lemon
- 1 tbsp. of Parmesan cheese
- 3 tbsps. of white wine
- Salt, white pepper
- 2 tbsps. of roll crumbs
- 1 small piece of butter
Preparation: The butter is heated, the flour stirred in, also the cream, wine and lemon juice and boiled. This gravy should be thick; if too thick, add more cream or milk, salt, pepper and Parmesan cheese, then boil one minute. Cut the fish into small pieces and put into the gravy. Butter the shells or molds and fill with this mixture, strew the bread crumbs on and bake in the oven about 10 minutes, to a light yellow color. Serve immediately after taking out of the oven.
Remarks: This dish may be served as a fine side-dish together with head lettuce.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1 lb. of boiled fish
- 1 oz. of butter
- 3 tbsps. of flour
- ¾ pt. of cream
- 3 yolks of eggs
- 1 tbsp. of, lemon juice
- Salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
- 2 whites of eggs, beaten with 1 tbsp. of milk
- Flour
- Lard enough for frying
Preparation: The fish is cut into small pieces. The butter is melted, the 3 tablespoonfuls of flour stirred in, then add cream and season with lemon juice, salt and pepper. This gravy is cooked a few minutes and must be thick, the 3 yolks of eggs are stirred in and the fish added. After this mixture has cooled off, small croquettes are formed which are dipped into the white of egg and flour or bread crumbs. Heat the lard to the boiling point, (it must be deep enough so the croquettes will float in it) and bake them to a golden yellow color.
Remarks: Fry one croquette first; if it should not hold together, add more flour.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
The preparation and ingredients are the same as under No. 38. Form small cutlets, bread them the same as the croquettes and fry them in butter to a nice color. You may improve them with champignons or crab tails.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1½ lbs. of boiled fish
- 3 lbs. potatoes
- 1 pt. of cream or milk
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of Parmesan cheese
- Salt, pepper
- 1 tbsp. of capers
- 1 tbsp. of roll crumbs
- 2 tbsps. of flour
Preparation: The boiled fish is cut up fine, the bones all taken out; the raw potatoes peeled and sliced fine. The baking-dish or casserole is buttered and a layer of potatoes alternating with a layer of fish put in so that the last layer will be potatoes.
The gravy is made by heating the butter, stirring in the flour, adding the cream, salt, pepper, Parmesan cheese and capers. Cook one minute, then pour over the layers of fish and potatoes. Strew a few bread crumbs on top and place the pieces of butter on, then bake slowly 1½ hours. Serve in the dish with head lettuce.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
The preparation and ingredients are the same as given under No. 38, Fish Croquettes. If the codfish is too salty, soak it in water a few hours or simmer in boiling water a few minutes.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 1½ lbs. of codfish
- 1 small piece of butter
- 1 tbsp. of flour
- ½ pt. of cream
Preparation: The codfish is picked to pieces. If it is too salty, soak it a few hours. Heat the' butter, stir in the flour, cream and fish and cook for 10 minutes. Toast slices of wheat bread and serve the fish hash on this.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 12 fresh herring
- Salt
- ½ lb. of butter or lard
- 1 cup of flour
For the Gravy.
- Juice of 1 lemon
- ⅛ lb. butter
- 1 tbsp. parsley
Preparation: The head of the herring must have a yellow color, if it looks reddish, the herring is stale. The herring is dressed, washed, salted for 45 minutes, then it is dried and rolled in flour, that has been mixed with salt and pepper. Heat the butter or fat and fry the herring in it to a nice color, turning occasionally. For the gravy, brown the butter, add the juice of the lemon and finely chopped parsley.
Serve the herring on a hot platter and pour the gravy over it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 12 fresh herring
- Salt
- 1 cup of flour
- ½ lb. of butter or lard
For Marinating.
- ¾ qt. vinegar
- ¾ qt. water
- 1 large onion, sliced
- 6 cloves
- 6 bay-leaves
- Some Salt
- 20 pepper-corns
Preparation: The herring are dressed, washed, salted for 45 minutes; after that they are dried, then rolled in flour mixed with salt and pepper and fried in butter or lard to a nice color.
For marinating, boil vinegar, water, pepper, cloves, bay-leaves, sliced onion and salt and cool it. The fried herring are cooled and put into a stone jar and the fluid poured over. To be prepared one day before serving.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 6 salt herring
- 1 pt. sour or sweet cream or milk 2 bay-leaves
- 2 sour apples
- 12 pepper-corns
- 4 cloves
- Vinegar to taste
- 1 small onion
Preparation: The salt herring are soaked for one day, then dressed and skinned. If you wish, you may cut them into pieces or leave them whole and put them into a dish. The gravy is then prepared.
The milt and roe, taken out of the herring, are well cleaned, chopped and beaten with vinegar, cream, grated apples and onions, pepper, cloves and bay-leaves. Pour this dressing over the herring and let stand for ½ to 1 day. Serve the herring in the gravy and potatoes in their jackets.
Remarks: Sour cream is best to use for marinating salt herring. This preparation is very good.
A Simple Way.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 6 salt herring
- 1 pt. wine vinegar
- 1 large onion, sliced
- 12 pepper-corns
- 6 cloves
- 2 bay-leaves
Preparation: The herring are dressed, skinned and soaked in water for ½ day, then cut into desirable pieces or left whole. Cook the vinegar with ½ pt. of water and cool. Put all the spices on the herring and pour the cold vinegar over. The milt may be put in also.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 salt herring
- 15 boiled, peeled potatoes
- 3 apples
- ¼ lb. cold roast
- ⅛ lb. tongue sausage
- ¼ lb. pickled beets
- 2 salt pickles
- 2 pepper pickles
- 1 onion
- 1 tsp. mustard
- 4 tbsp. of oil
- 1 pinch of salt
- Pepper
- 1 pinch of sugar
- Vinegar to taste
- ½ pt. bouillon
- 3 hard boiled eggs
Preparation: The herring are soaked in water for ½ day, then dressed, skinned, the bones taken out, and cut into equal parts. Potatoes, apples, roast, sausage, eggs, onion, pickles, beets are all cut up, mixed well and seasoned with oil, salt, pepper, mustard, sugar and vinegar, then bouillon added. The salad is served in a glass dish and garnished with minced white of egg, yolk of egg, pickles and beets. You may also garnish with sardines cut in halves and rolled.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 lobsters, 2½ lbs.
- Boiling water
- Salt
- 12 pepper-corns
Preparation: The lobster is cleaned in water with a brush, by taking hold of its back with the left hand and using the brush with the right. In this way it is harmless. The water is brought to boil in the meantime with salt and the 13 pepper-corns, then the lobsters are put in head first, which kills them instantly. Boil 5 minutes, then set aside to simmer 45 minutes. After this time take out the lobsters, dry them and put them on a board, break off the claws and tail and split the body into halves from head to tail. Arrange these halves upright on a platter, put a bunch of parsley in the top, place lettuce leaves around and garnish neatly with the tails, cracked claws and legs.
Creamed butter or butter balls are served with it, also a mayonnaise dressing.
Remarks: Claws and legs are placed into a cloth and carefully cracked so the meat is not crushed. Large lobsters may boil 1 hour.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
Preparation and ingredients are the same as in the preceding, No. 48. When the lobster is done, pour a cupful of cold water into the hot water and let the lobster cool in it. Then take it out, dry it and press it under a heavy board for one hour. When serving, brush it with oil and prepare it like the warm lobster. A mayonnaise dressing is nice with it.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
Utilizing remnants of lobsters.
The preparation and ingredients are the same as those given under No. 38 and 39, Fish Croquettes or Cutlets.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 2 lobsters, 3 lbs.
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of flour
- ½ pt. bouillon
- 1 tsp. of meat extract
- 1 pinch of salt
- 1 pinch of pepper
- 1 pinch of sugar
- 1 tbsp. of lemon juice
- 4 pepper-corns
- 1 clove
- ¼ bay-leaf
- ⅛ of an onion
- 2 tbsps. of Madeira
- ⅛ pt. of white wine
- ¼ pt. of champignons
- 3 truffles
- 1 cup tomatoes
Preparation: The lobster is prepared as given under No. 48. After the lobster is cooked, all meat is picked out, reserving the coral, which is pulverized. The ⅛ lb. of butter is browned with the flour, bouillon or water added and the coral put in. Meat extract, salt, pepper, sugar, lemon juice, cloves, bay-leaf, onion, Madeira, white wine and tomatoes added and and smooth. It is strained and must be about ¾ of a pint, this is all cooked ½ hour. This gravy must be very savory The champignons are cut into small pieces, the truffles peeled and chopped, then add the champignons, truffles and lobster to the strained gravy. This mixture is filled into buttered shells or small molds and baked in the oven for 5 to 10 minutes. Serve on slices of toast.
Remarks: This is a fine side-dish.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
The preparation and ingredients are the same as given under No. 48. When the lobster is cooked and split, hot butter is dripped on and the lobster baked in it for 10 to 15 minutes.
A mayonnaise dressing and chopped pickles are nice with it.
Remarks: It is best to bake the lobster in a gas oven.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 24 crabs
- Sufficient water
- 2 tbsps. of caraway
- Salt
- 1 large onion, sliced
The Gravy.
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- 2 tbsps. of chopped parsley
Preparation: The crabs are cleaned like the lobster. See No. 48. The water with caraway seeds, salt and sliced onion is boiled and the crabs put in one by one. The water must boil constantly, so that the crabs are killed instantly. Boil 3 minutes, then set aside to simmer ¾ to 1 hour. Serve the hot crabs on a napkin. For gravy or dressing, take hot butter mixed with minced parsley.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 36 crabs
- 1 oz. of butter
- 2 yolks of eggs
- 1 egg
- Salt, pepper
- 1 tsp. of lemon juice
- 1 cupful of roll crumbs
- ½ lb. of butter for frying
Preparation: The crabs are prepared and cooked as given under No. 53. The meat picked out, 18 claws or legs laid aside. The meat is coarsely minced, then mixed well with creamed butter, 2 yolks of eggs, lemon juice, salt and pepper and small croquettes made from this mixture. Dip in beaten egg and roll crumbs. Heat the butter and fry these croquettes in it on both sides to a nice color. Into each put a claw or leg. Arrange the croquettes around asparagus or peas.
Remarks: A good crab dressing may be prepared from the meat of crabs.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 50 crabs
- ¼ lb. of butter
- 3 tbsps. of flour
- 1 pt. bouillon
- Some champignon water
- ¼ wineglassful of white wine
- 1 tbsp. of lemon juice
- 1 pinch of salt and pepper
- 2 yolks of eggs
- ½ pt. champignons
Preparation: The crabs or crawfish are cooked the same way as given under No. 53, the meat all picked out, also out of the tails and cut into small pieces. The coral is pulverized and cooked in ¼ lb. of butter together with flour browned in it. The bouillon, the champignon juice, white wine, lemon juice, salt and pepper are added and cooked for 15 minutes in a covered pan. This gravy is then strained through a fine sieve and t'he crab meat and champignons put in. This mixture is filled into shells or patties and baked in oven 5 minutes. (See Chapter 3, No. 29, Veal Sweetbread Patties). You can also serve this ragout on toast.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 6 doz. oysters
- 1½ lemon
Preparation: The oysters are opened with an oyster knife and cleaned with a small knife, then placed neatly on a platter covered with a napkin, garnishing with slices of lemon.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 2½ doz. oysters
- 1 tbsp. of butter
- 1 tbsp. of flour
- 1 tsp. of lemon juice
- Salt, pepper
- Pie crust
- 2 tbsps. of cream
Preparation: The butter is melted, flour, cream, lemon juice, salt, pepper and oysters put in, then boiled up once. Small patties are made as given under Chapter 3, No. 39, Veal Sweet Bread Patties. Fill the patties with the oyster ragout, bake in oven a few minutes, then serve at once. This is a fine dish.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 3 doz. oysters
- Salt, pepper
- 1 cupful of fine roll crumbs
- ⅛ lb. of butter
- Some lemon juice
Preparation: The prepared oysters are put into a dish, the lemon juice dripped on and breaded with crumbs, which are mixed with salt and pepper. In the meantime brown the butter and fry the oysters crisp, turning frequently. Serve them with spinage, sauerkraut and fish.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 50 oysters or clams
- Juice of 2 lemons
- Salt, white pepper
- 2 tbsps. of chopped parsley
- 4 tbsps. of oil
Preparation: The oysters or clams are mixed with the other ingredients, put into a glass dish and garnished with green lettuce leaves.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 50 clams
- 1 pt. white wine
- 1 tsp. of salt
For the Rice.
- ¼ lb. of rice
- 1 pt. bouillon
For the Gravy.
- ¼ lb. of butter
- 3 tbsps. of flour
- ¾ pt. cream or milk
- 1 tbsp. of lemon juice
- 3 yolks of egg
- ½ tbsp. of Parmesan cheese
- 2 tbsps. chopped champignons
Preparation: The clams are cleaned in cold water with a brush. Change the water several times until it remains clear.
The white wine and salt are put into a dish and the clams put in and shaken over the fire until they open. The inside is then taken out, the shells thrown away. The clam liquor is used for dressing or gravy. Heat ¼ lb. of butter, stir in the flour and add cream, the liquor from the clams, chopped champignons and let it boil a few minutes, stirring constantly; then stir in the 3 yolks of eggs and set aside.
While the clams and dressing are being prepared, the rice is cooked with the bouillon to a thick mush.
A baking dish or casserole is buttered and filled with layers of rice alternating with layers of clams, rice for the top layer. The prepared gravy or dressing is then poured on, cheese strewn over, 1 tablespoonful of hot butter dripped on and then baked in the oven for 30 minutes. This dish may also be made of fresh oysters.
Quantity for 6 Persons.
- 2½–3 lbs. of salmon in 6 slices
- 9 tsps. of lemon juice
- 2 medium sized onions
- 1 bunch of parsley
- Pepper
- 12 tbsps. of fine oil
- Salt
Preparation: The steaks should be cut in 6 neat medium sized pieces from the middle of the fish, sprinkle with salt and pepper, pour 1½ tablespoonfuls of lemon juice on each steak, the onion must be thinly sliced, and the slices put on the steaks, also the parsley; then spread 1 tablespoonful of oil on each steak and let them lie for 1½ hours; get cooking utensil very hot, then remove the onions and parsley from each slice of fish, spread another tablespoonful of oil on each and broil for 5 minutes. Serve on a hot platter and garnish with lemon slices and parsley. An olive sauce should be served with this dish.