The Chinese Classics/Volume 1/Confucian Analects/XIV
憲問第十四
BOOK XIV. HSIEN WAN.
Chapter I. Hsien asked what was shameful. The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, to be thinking only of salary; and, when bad government prevails, to be thinking, in the same way, only of salary;—this is shameful."
【第三章】子曰、士而懷居、不足以爲士矣。
【第四章】子曰、邦有道、危言危行、邦無道、危行言孫。
【第五章】子曰、有德者、必有言、有言者、不必有德、仁者、必有勇、勇者、不必有仁。Chapter II. 1. "When the love of superiority, boasting, resentments, and covetousness are repressed, this may be deemed perfect virtue."
2. The Master said, "This may be regarded as the achievement of what is difficult. But I do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue."
Chapter III. The Master said, "The scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fit to be deemed a scholar."
Chapter IV. The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."
Chapter V. The Master said, "The virtuous will be sure to speak correctly, but those whose speech is good may not always be virtuous. Men of principle are sure to be bold, but those who are bold may not always be men of principle."
Chapter VI. Nan-kung Kwo, submitting an inquiry to Confucius, said, "I was skillful at archery, and Ao could move a boat along upon the land, but neither of them died a natural death. Yu and Chi personally wrought at the toils of husbandry, and they became possessors of the kingdom." The Master made no reply; but when Nan-kung Kwo went out, he said, "A superior man indeed is this! An esteemer of virtue indeed is this!"
Chapter VII. The Master said, "Superior men, and yet not always virtuous, there have been, alas! But there never has been a mean man, and, at the same time, virtuous."
【第九章】子曰、爲命、裨諶草創之、世叔討論之、行人子羽修飾之、東里子產潤色之。
【第十章】【一節】或問子產。子曰、惠人也。【二節】問子西。曰、彼哉彼哉。【三節】問管仲。曰、人也、奪伯氏騈邑三百、飯疏食、沒齒、Chapter VIII. The Master said, "Can there be love which does not lead to strictness with its object? Can there be loyalty which does not lead to the instruction of its object?"
Chapter IX. The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, P'i Shan first made the rough draught; Shi-shu examined and discussed its contents; Tsze-yu, the manager of Foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Tsze-ch'an of Tung-li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
Chapter X. 1. Some one asked about Tsze-ch'an. The Master said, "He was a kind man."
2. He asked about Tsze-hsi. The Master said, "That man! That man!"
3. He asked about Kwan Chung. "For him," said the Master, "the city of Pien, with three hundred families, was taken from the chief of the Po family, who did not utter a murmuring word, though, to the end of his life, he had only coarse rice to eat."
【十一章】子曰、貧而無怨、難、富而無驕、易。
【十二章】子曰、孟公綽、爲趙魏老則優、不可以爲滕薛大夫。
【十三章】【一節】子路問成人。子曰、若臧武仲之知、公綽之不欲、卞莊子之勇、冉求之藝、文之以禮樂、亦可以爲成人矣。【二節】曰、今之成人者、何必然、見Chapter XI. The Master said, "To be poor without murmuring is difficult. To be rich without being proud is easy."
Chapter XII. The Master said, "Mang Kung-ch'o is more than fit to be chief officer in the families of Chao and Wei, but he is not fit to be great officer to either of the States Tang or Hsieh."
Chapter XIII. 1. Tsze-lu asked what constituted a complete man. The Master said, "Suppose a man with the knowledge of Tsang Wu-chung, the freedom from covetousness of Kung-ch'o, the bravery of Chwang of Pien, and the varied talents of Zan Ch'iu; add to these the accomplishments of the rules of propriety and music:—such a one might be reckoned a complete man."
2. He then added, "But what is the necessity for a complete man of the present day to have all these things? The man, who in the
view of gain, thinks of righteousness; who in the view of danger is prepared to give up his life; and who does not forget an old agreement however far back it extends:—such a man may be reckoned a complete man."
Chapter XIV. 1. The Master asked Kung-ming Chia about Kung-shu Wan, saying, "Is it true that your master speaks not, laughs not, and takes not?"
2. Kung-ming Chia replied, "This has arisen from the reporters going beyond the truth.—My master speaks when it is the time to speak, and so men do not get tired of his speaking. He laughs when there is occasion to be joyful, and so men do not get tired of his laughing. He takes when it is consistent with righteousness to do so, and so men do not get tired of his taking." The Master said, "So! But is it so with him?"
【十六章】子曰、晉文公譎而不正、齊桓公正而不譎。
【十七章】【一節】子路曰、桓公殺公子糾、召忽死之、管仲不死、Chapter XV. The Master said, "Tsang Wu-chung, keeping possession of Fang, asked of the duke of Lu to appoint a successor to him in his family. Although it may be said that he was not using force with his sovereign, I believe he was."
Chapter XVI. The Master said, "The duke Wan of Tsin was crafty and not upright. The duke Hwan of Ch'i was upright and not crafty."
Chapter XVII. 1. Tsze-lu said, "The Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, when Shao Hu died with his master, but Kwan Chung did not die. May not I say that he was wanting in virtue?"
2. The Master said, "The Duke Hwan assembled all the princes together, and that not with weapons of war and chariots:—it was all through the influence of Kwan Chung. Whose beneficence was like his? Whose beneficence was like his?"
Chapter XVIII. 1. Tsze-kung said, "Kwan Chung, I apprehend, was wanting in virtue. When the Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, Kwan Chung was not able to die with him. Moreover, he became prime minister to Hwan."
2. The Master said, "Kwan Chung acted as prime minister to the Duke Hwan, made him leader of all the princes, and united and rectified the whole kingdom. Down to the present day, the people enjoy the gifts which he conferred. But for Kwan Chung, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappets of our coats buttoning on the left side.
3. "Will you require from him the small fidelity of common
【十九章】【一節】公叔文子之臣、大夫僎、與文子同升諸公。【二節】子聞之曰、可以爲文矣。
【二十章】【一節】子言衞靈公之無道也、康子曰、夫如是、奚而不喪。【二節】孔子曰、仲叔圉治賓客、祝鮀治men and common women, who would commit suicide in a stream or ditch, no one knowing anything about them?"
Chapter XIX. 1. The great officer, Hsien, who had been family-minister to Kung-shu Wan, ascended to the prince's court in company with Wan.
2. The Master, having heard of it, said, "He deserved to be considered wan (the accomplished)."
Chapter XX. 1. The Master was speaking about the unprincipled course of the duke Ling of Wei, when Ch'i K'ang said, "Since he is of such a character, how is it he does not lose his State?"
2. Confucius said, "The Chung-shu Yu has the superintendence of his guests and of strangers; the litanist, T'o, has the management
【廿一章】子曰、其言之不怍、則爲之也難。
【廿二章】【一節】陳成子弒簡公。【二節】孔子沐浴而朝、吿於哀公曰、陳恆弒其君、請討之。【三節】公曰、吿夫三子。【四節】孔子曰、以吾從大夫之後、不敢不吿也、君of his ancestral temple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of the army and forces:—with such officers as these, how should he lose his State?"
Chapter XXI. The Master said, "He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good."
Chapter XXII. 1. Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke Chien of Ch'i.
2. Confucius bathed, went to court, and informed the duke Ai, saying, "Chan Hang has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertake to punish him."
3. The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it."
4. Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, 'Inform the chiefs of the three families of it.'"
【廿三章】子路問事君。子曰、勿欺也、而犯之。
【廿四章】子曰、君子上達、小人下達。
【廿五章】子曰、古之學者爲己、今之學者爲人。
【廿六章】【一節】蘧伯玉使人於孔子。【二節】孔子與之坐、而問焉、曰、夫子何爲。5. He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they would not act. Confucius then said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter."
Chapter XXIII. Tsze-lu asked how a ruler should be served. The Master said, "Do not impose on him, and, moreover, withstand him to his face."
Chapter XXIV. The Master said, "The progress of the superior man is upwards; the progress of the mean man is downwards."
Chapter XXV. The Master said, "In ancient times, men learned with a view to their own improvement. Now-a-days, men learn with a view to the approbation of others."
Chapter XXVI. 1. Chu Po-yu sent a messenger with friendly inquiries to Confucius.
2. Confucius sat with him, and questioned him. "What," said he, "is your master engaged in?" The messenger replied, "My master is
【廿七章】子曰、不在其位、不謀其政。
【廿八章】曾子曰、君子思不出其位。
【廿九章】子曰、君子恥其言而過其行。
【三十章】【一節】子曰、君子道者三、我無能焉、仁者不憂、知者不惑、勇者不懼。【二節】子貢曰、夫子自道也。anxious to make his faults few, but he has not yet succeeded." He then went out, and the Master said, "A messenger indeed! A messenger indeed!"
Chapter XXVII. The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office, has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties."
Chapter XXVIII. The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man, in his thoughts, does not go out of his place."
Chapter XXIX. The Master said, "The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions."
Chapter XXX. 1. The Master said, "The way of the superior man is threefold, but I am not equal to it. Virtuous, he is free from anxieties; wise, he is free from perplexities; bold, he is free from fear.
2. Tsze-kung said, "Master, that is what you yourself say."
【卅二章】子曰、不患人之不己知、患其不能也。
【卅三章】子曰、不逆詐、不億不信、抑亦先覺者、是賢乎。
【卅四章】【一節】微生畝謂孔子曰、丘何爲是栖栖者與、無乃爲佞乎。【二節】孔子曰、非敢爲佞也、疾固也。Chapter XXXI. Tsze-kung was in the habit of comparing men together. The Master said, "Tsze must have reached a high pitch of excellence! Now, I have not leisure for this."
Chapter XXXII. The Master said, "I will not be concerned at men's not knowing me; I will be concerned at my own want of ability."
Chapter XXXIII. The Master said, "He who does not anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor think beforehand of his not being believed, and yet apprehends these things readily (when they occur);—is he not a man of superior worth?"
Chapter XXXIV. 1. Wei-shang Mau said to Confucius, "Ch'iu, how is it that you keep roosting about? Is it not that you are an insinuating talker?"
2. Confucius said, "I do not dare to play the part of such a talker, but I hate obstinacy."
【卅六章】【一節】或曰、以德報怨、何如。【二節】子曰、何以報德。【三節】以直報怨、以德報德。
【卅七章】【一節】子曰、莫我知也夫。【二節】子貢曰、何爲其莫知子也。子曰、不怨天、不尤人、下學Chapter XXXV. The Master said, "A horse is called a ch'i, not because of its strength, but because of its other good qualities."
Chapter XXXVI. 1. Some one said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed with kindness?"
2. The Master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness?
3. "Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness."
Chapter XXXVII. 1. The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me."
2. Tsze-kung said, "What do you mean by thus saying—that no one knows you?" The Master replied, "I do not murmur against
Heaven. I do not grumble against men. My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high. But there is Heaven;—that knows me!"
Chapter XXXVIII. 1. The Kung-po Liao, having slandered Tsze-lu to Chi-sun, Tsze-fu Ching-po informed Confucius of it, saying, "Our master is certainly being led astray by the Kung-po Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off, and expose his corpse in the market and in the court."
2. The Master said, "If my principles are to advance, it is so ordered. If they are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered. What can the Kung-po Liao do where such ordering is concerned?"
【四十章】子曰、作者七人矣。
【四一章】子路宿於石門、晨門曰、奚自。子路曰、自孔氏。曰、是知其不可而爲之者與。
【四二章】【一節】子擊磬於衞、有荷蕢、而過孔氏之門者、Chapter XXXIX. 1. The Master said, "Some men of worth retire from the world.
2. Some retire from particular states.
3. Some retire because of disrespectful looks.
4. Some retire because of contradictory language."
Chapter XL. The Master said, "Those who have done this are seven men."
Chapter XLI. Tsze-lu happening to pass the night in Shih-man, the gatekeeper said to him, "Whom do you come from?" Tsze-lu said, "From Mr. K'ung." "It is he,—is it not?"—said the other, "who knows the impracticable nature of the times and yet will be doing in them."
Chapter XLII. 1. The Master was playing, one day, on a musical stone in Wei, when a man, carrying a straw basket, passed the door
of the house where Confucius was, and said, "His heart is full who so beats the musical stone."
2. A little while after, he added, "How contemptible is the one-ideaed obstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken no notice of, he has simply at once to give over his wish for public employment. 'Deep water must be crossed with the clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with the clothes held up.'"
3. The Master said, "How determined is he in his purpose! But this is not difficult!"
Chapter XLIII. 1. Tsze-chang said, "What is meant when the Shu says that Kao-tsung, while observing the usual imperial mourning, was for three years without speaking?"
2. The Master said, "Why must Kao-tsung be referred to as an example of this? The ancients all did so. When the sovereign died, the officers all attended to their several duties, taking instructions from the prime minister for three years."
【四五章】子路問君子、子曰、修己以敬。曰、如斯而已乎。曰、修己以安人、曰、如斯而已乎。曰、修己以安百姓。修己以安百姓、堯舜其猶病諸。
【四六章】原壤夷俟、子曰、幼Chapter XLIV. The Master said, "When rulers love to observe the rules of propriety, the people respond readily to the calls on them for service."
Chapter XLV. Tsze-lu asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, "The cultivation of himself in reverential carefulness." "And is this all?" said Tsze-lu. "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to others," was the reply. "And is this all?" again asked Tsze-lu. The Master said, "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people. He cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people:—even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this."
Chapter XLVI. Yuan Zang was squatting on his heels, and
so waited the approach of the Master, who said to him, "In youth not humble as befits a junior; in manhood, doing nothing worthy of being handed down; and living on to old age:—this is to be a pest." With this he hit him on the shank with his staff.
Chapter XLVII. 1. A youth of the village of Ch'ueh was employed by Confucius to carry the messages between him and his visitors. Some one asked about him, saying, "I suppose he has made great progress."
2. The Master said, "I observe that he is fond of occupying the seat of a full-grown man; I observe that he walks shoulder to shoulder with his elders. He is not one who is seeking to make progress in learning. He wishes quickly to become a man."