The New Negro

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The New Negro: An Interpretation (1925)
edited by Alain Locke
→
3479756The New Negro: An Interpretation1925

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The Brown Madonna

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THE NEW NEGRO

AN INTERPRETATION


EDITED BU ALAIN LOCKE

BOOK

DECORATION

AND

PORTRAITS

BY

WINOLD

REISS

ALBERT AND CHARLES BONI

NEW YORK 1925 ​

Copyright, 1925, by Albert & Charles Boni, Inc.

Published, December, 1925

Second printing, March, 1927


Printed in the United States of America

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This Volume
Is Dedicated
To The
YOUNGER GENERATION

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(Traditional.)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks are due and acknowledgment made by the Editor and Publishers for the kind permission of the authors and publishers listed for the use of copyright material in the preparation of this volume. Especial acknowledgment is made to the Survey Associates and the Editors of the Survey Graphic for the assignment of the material of the Harlem Number, March, 1925, of Survey Graphic, the bulk of which, with much additional new material, has been incorporated.

The Atlantic Monthly Co.: The City of Refuge, by Rudolph Fisher.
Boni and Liveright: Carma and Fern and two poems from Cane, by Jean Toomer.
Harcourt, Brace & Co.: Baptism and the Harlem Dancer from "Harlem Shadows", by Claude McKay, and Creation from "The Book of American Negro Verse", by James W. Johnson.
G. Schirmer Co.: for the text and music of Father Abraham from "Afro-American Folk Songs", by H. E. Krehbiel, and Listen to the Lambs from "Negro Folk Songs", by Nathalie Curtis Burlin.
The New Age: the Palm Porch, by Eric Walrond.
The Survey and Harper Bros.: Seven Poems of Harlem Life and Heritage from "Color", by Countée Cullen.
Vanity Fair: for Drawings, by Miguel Covarrubias.
The Barnes Foundation: for reproductions of African Art objects.
Foreign Affairs: for Color Worlds, by W. E. B. Du Bois.
The Crisis: for The Negro in American Literature, by Wm. Stanley Braithwaite; Jazzonia, by Langston Hughes, Escape by Georgia D. Johnson.
The Brimmer Co.: for two Poems from "Bronze", by Georgia Douglas Johnson.
The Liberator: for Negro Dancers, by Claude McKay.
The Bookman: To a Brown Boy, by Countée Cullen.
Harper's Magazine: Fruit of the Flower, by Countée Cullen.
Opportunity: Fog, by John Matheus; Spunk, by Zora Hurston; Black Finger, by Angelina Grimke, Riddle by Georgia D. Johnson.
Survey Graphic and Alfred A. Knopf: for five poems from "The Weary Blues", by Langston Hughes.
Survey Graphic: for Tuskegee, Hampton and Points North, by Robert R. Moton.
Winold Reiss: for his series of Negro Portrait Studies.

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PAGE
Foreword ix
Part I: The Negro Renaissance
The New Negro Alain Locke 3
Negro Art and America Albert C. Barnes 19
The Negro in American Literature William Stanley Braithwaite 29
Negro Youth Speaks Alain Locke 47
Fiction:
The City of Refuge Rudolph Fisher 57
Vestiges Rudolph Fisher 75
Fog John Matheus 85
Carma, from Cane Jean Toomer 96
Fern, from Cane Jean Toomer 99
Spunk Zora Neale Hurston 105
Sahdji Bruce Nugent 113
The Palm Porch Eric Walrond 115
Poetry:
Poems Countée Cullen 129
Poems Claude McKay 133
Poems Jean Toomer 136
The Creation James Weldon Johnson 138
Poems Langston Hughes 141
The Day-Breakers Arna Bontemps 145
Poems Georgia Johnson 146
Lady, Lady Anne Spencer 148
The Black Finger Angelina Grimke 148
Enchantment Lewis Alexander 149 ​
drama:
The Drama of Negro Life Montgomery Gregory 153
The Gift of Laughter Jessie Fauset 161
Compromise (A Folk Play) Willis Richardson 168
Music:
The Negro Spirituals Alain Locke 199
Negro Dancers Claude McKay 214
Jazz at Home J. A. Rogers 216
Song Gwendolyn B. Bennett 225
Jazzonia Langston Hughes 226
Nude Young Dancer Langston Hughes 227
The Negro Digs up His Past Arthur A. Schomburg 231
American Negro Folk Literature Arthur Huff Fauset 238
T’appin Told by Cugo Lewis 245
B’rer Rabbit Fools Buzzard 248
Heritage Countée Cullen 250
The Legacy of the Ancestral Arts Alain Locke 254
Part II: The New Negro in a New World
The Negro Pioneers Paul U. Kellogg 271
The New Frontage on American Life Charles S. Johnson 278
The Road Helene Johnson 300
The New Scene:
Harlem: the Culture Capital James Weldon Johnson 301
Howard: The National Negro University Kelly Miller 312
Hampton-Tuskegee: Missioners of the Masses Robert R. Moton 323 ​
Durham: Capital of the Black Middle Class E. Franklin Frazier 333
Gift of the Black Tropics W. A. Domingo 341
The Negro and the American Tradition
The Negro’s Americanism Melville J. Herskovits 353
The Paradox of Color Walter White 361
The Task of Negro Womanhood Elise Johnson McDougald 369
Worlds of Color:
The Negro Mind Reaches Out W. E. B. DuBois 385
Bibliography
Who’s Who of the Contributors 415
A Selected List of Negro Americana and Africana 421
The Negro in Literature 427
Negro Drama 432
Negro Music 434
Negro Folk Lore 442
The Negro Race Problems 449

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ILLUSTRATIONS

Cover design and book decorations by Winold Reiss

Drawings by Winold Reiss

The Brown Madonna. Frontispiece
Portrait Sketch: Alain Locke facing page 6
Portrait: Jean Toomer. facing“ page“ 100
Portrait: Countée Cullen. facing“ page“ 132
Study: Paul Robeson as “Emperor Jones” facing“ page“ 166
Portrait: Roland Hayes. facing“ page“ 208
African Phantasie: Awakening facing“ page“ 232
Type Sketch: “Ancestral”. facing“ page“ 242
Portrait: Charles S. Johnson facing“ page“ 278
Portrait: James Weldon Johnson facing“ page“ 306
Portrait: Robert Russa Moton facing“ page“ 324
Type Sketch: “From the Tropic Isles” . facing“ page“ 342
Portrait Sketch: Elise Johnson McDougald facing“ page“ 370
Portrait: Mary McLeod Bethune facing“ page“ 378
Portrait: W. E. Burghardt Du Bois facing“ page“ 386
Type Sketch: “The Librarian” facing“ page“ 394
Type Sketch: “The School Teachers” facing“ page“ 410

☀☀☀☀☀

Drawings and Decorative Designs by Aaron Douglas

Meditation. page 54
Rebirth. page“ 56
Sahdji. page“ 112
The Poet. page“ 128
The Sun-God. page“ 138
“Emperor Jones”. page“ 152
“Roll, Jordan, Roll”. page“ 196
“And the Stars began to Fall”. page“ 198
​
Music. page 216
The Spirit of Africa page“ 228
“From the New World” page“ 270
W. V. Ruckterschell:
Young Negro page“ 46
Drawings by Miguel Covarrubias
Jazz. page 225
Blues Singer page“ 227
Negro-Americana: Title Pages from the Schomburg Collection
Title Page—Jupiter Hammon page 26
Title“ Page“—Slave Narrative page“ 28
Title“ Page“—Jacobus Capitein page“ 230
African Sculptures
From the Barnes Foundation Collection:
Baoulé Mask. page 244
Bushongo Mask. page“ 255
Soudan-Niger Mask. page“ 257
Yabouba Mask. page“ 258
Ceremonial Mask (Ivory Coast) page“ 259
Dahomey Bronze. page“ 260
From other Collections:
Bronze Mask (Guillaume Collection) page 256
Congo Portrait Statue (Tervuren Museum) page“ 263
Benin Bronze (Berlin Ethnological Museum) page“ 265
Ceremonial Mask,—Dahomey (Frankford Museum). page“ 268

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in 1925, before the cutoff of January 1, 1929.

This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse

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