The Oriental Biographical Dictionary/Alamgir I
'Alamgir I, عالمگیر پادشاه emperor of Hindústán, surnamed Abul-Ẓafar Muḥi-uddín Muhammad Aurangzíb, took the title of 'Álamgir on his accession to the throne. He was the third son of the emperor Sháh Jahán, born on Sunday, 10th October, 1619 O. S., 11th Ẕil-ḳa'da, 1028 H. His mother's name was Arjmand Bánú, surnamed Mumtáz-Maḥall. In his youth, he put on the appearance of religious sanctity, but in June, 1668, Ramẕán, 1068 H., during his father's illness, he in conjunction with his brother Murád Bakhsh, seized Ágra, and made his father prisoner. Murád was soon after imprisoned by 'Álamgir, who marched to Dihlí, where he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor on the 21st July of the same year, 1st Ẕil-ḳa'da, 1068 H., but was not crowned till the first anniversary of his accession, a circumstance which has introduced some confusion in the chronology of his reign. Soon after, he put Murád Bakhsh and his eldest brother the heir-apparent Dárá Shikoh to death. He greatly enlarged his dominions, and became so formidable, that all Eastern princes sent ambassadors to him. He was an able prince, but a bigoted Sunní, and attempted to force the Hindús to adopt that faith, destroying their temples, and levying the capitation tax (jizya) from every Hindú. The feudatory chiefs of Rájpútáná successfully resisted the impost. He died after a reign of 50 lunar years at Ahmadábád in the Dakhin, on Friday, the 21st of February, 1707 O. S., 28th Ẕil-ḳa'da, 1118 H., aged 90 lunar years and 17 days, and was interred in the court of the mausoleum of Shaikh Zain-uddín, in Khuldábád, 8 kos from the city of Aurangábád. After his death, he received the title of "Ḥaẕrat Khuld-Makán", (i.e. He whose place is in paradise). He was married in the 19th year of his age to a daughter of Sháhnawáz Khán, the son of 'Ásaf Khán the prime minister of the emperor Jahángír, by whom he had 6 sons and 5 daughters. His eldest son, named Sulṭán Muhammad, died before his father; his second son was Muhammad Mu'azzam who succeeded him with the title of Sháh 'Álam Bahádur Sháh; the third A'zam Sháh was slain in battle fought against the latter; the fourth Muhammad Akbar, who revolted against his father, took refuge in Persia and died there; the fifth Kám Bakhsh who was also slain in battle. The names of his 4 daughters are,—Zeb-un-Nisá, Zínut-un-Nisá, Badr-un-Nisá, and Mihr-un-Nisá.