The life and times of Master John Hus/Index
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INDEX
Adamites, sect of fanatics, their orgies, 360; “turlupins” of France their forerunners, 360; destroyed by Zizka, 360; have been ignorantly identified with the church-reformers, 360, 361
Albert, Duke of Austria, succeeds Sigismund as King of Bohemia, 368
Albik, Archbishop of Prague, resigns his office, 169; his traffic in ecclesiastical dignities, 170; royal commissioner at church conference, 173
Benedict XIII., Pope, (see church, schism in)
Bernard of Città di Castello, appointed by Council of Constance to report on Hus, 222
Bethlehem Chapel, in Prague, founded for preaching in the national language, 74; Hus appointed preacher, 74; account of, 75, 76; attack on, 161; famed for its singing, 300
Bible, reading of and devotion to among the Bohemian reformers, 3, 16, 27, 40, 48, 350; Bohemian translations of, 297, 298
Bohemia, its connection with the Eastern Church, 10, 11; persecution in 1620, 10; becomes part of the domain of the Western Church, 11; its state of semi-independence, 11, 12; sides with the German Emperors, 12; increasing power of Rome in, 12, 13; ill conduct of the clergy of, 14, 15; connection of reform movement with national movement in, 18; efforts of the Emperor Charles IV. to reform the clergy in, 22; Hus’s sermon on condition of, 73; Germans in, 77, 78; intellectual advance of in the beginning of the fifteenth century, 78; its attitude towards the Schism, 101, 102; liberty granted to the Bohemians in the university by King Venceslas, 105, 106; reform movement in, an indigenous one, 134; synod of Bohemian clergy in, 168, 170–173; fails to restore peace, 173; further religious warfare in, 176, 177; its evil fame as a heretical country, 179; the religious upheaval in, horror of simony a chief factor in, 187; nobles of, send remonstrances about Hus’s imprisonment, 220, 221; anxiety concerning Hus in, 234; efforts of the nobles at intervention, 236, 238–242; succeed in obtaining the promise of a public hearing for Hus, 243; further remonstrances from, to Sigismund, 260; Hus’s letter to the nation, 264–266; his further letters to the Bohemians, 269–273; last messages to his friends in, 275; national language of, Hus’s desire to preserve, 293, 294, 295; racial antipathy between Bohemians and Germans in, 295; question of language still prominent in, 296; Hus’s effort to introduce church-song in the vernacular, 301; women of, staunch adherents of Hus, 302; relations of with England, 304; rejoicings of national party at King Vladislav’s victory at Tannenberg, 305; indignation in at Hus’s death, 337; national movement in becomes more revolutionary, 337; protest of the nobles forwarded to the Council, 337, 338; confederation of nobles for the defence of liberty, 339; hostile confederation of nobles in, 339, 340; council appoints John the “iron” to suppress heresy in, 342; Taborite movement in, 346; death of the king, 347; short-lived Romanist reaction in, 349; Pope proclaims crusade against, 350; anger of people at this and Sigismund’s cruelty, 351; national uprising in, {{namespace link|352; iconoclasm and cruelty of people, 352; in possession of the Hussites, 356; development of Hus’s doctrines in, 356; fall of democracy in after the battle of Lipan, 359; communism and anarchy encouraged in by the Taborites, 361; almost entirely subdued by the Praguers and Taborites, 363; meeting of parties at Caslav in 1421, 363; deposition of Sigismund and offer of crown to Polish prince, 363; re-attacked by Sigismund, and delivered by Zizka, 363; elects Duke Witold of Lithuania as king, 363; success of its armies, 365, 366; embassy sent by to Basle, 366; Compacts accepted at, 367; political reaction in, 367; confederacy of the nobles and defeat of Taborites by, 367; Sigismund recognised as king, 368; his death and successor, 368; turbulent period succeeding the death of King Albert, 368, 369; rise of the Bohemian Brethren in, 369; George of Podebrad elected king, 369; Vladislav, Prince of Poland, king, 369; his son, Louis, king, 370; Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, king, 370; loss of freedom under, 371; establishment of serfdom in, 371; establishment ol Jesuits in, 371; Maximilian, king, 371; Rudolph II. king, 371; privileges granted to Protestants in, 371; final loss of religious liberty and nationality, 372
Bohemian Brethren, rise of, important part played by, 369
Bohemians, their horror of simony, 187; their love of theological discussions, 210; their hatred of Sigismund, 291, 292; their racial antipathy towards the Germans, 295; their ideal standpoint, 335
Bologna, decision of university as regards the burning of Wycliffe’s books, 132
Bracciolini, Poggio, his letter describing Jerome of Prague’s death, 321, 331, 332, 333; present as papal legate during Jerome’s trial, 331, 332
Calixtines, moderate or utraquist party, 356; attitude of to teaching of the Church of Rome, 356, 357; endeavour to extend use of the vernacular in the churches, 357; Taborites wage war against, 364; defeated by Zizka at Horic, 364, at Kralove Hradec, and at Malesov, 364; truce with Taborites, 364
Caslav, meeting of Bohemian parties at, in 1421, 363
Cenek of Wartenberg, supreme Burgrave, appointed Queen Sophia’s coadjutor, 348; helps to restore peace in Prague, 349; joins the national party, 351, 352; concludes truce with Sigismund, 352; openly espouses the Hussite cause, 356; leads the Calixtines at Horic, 364
Charles IV., emperor, his efforts for the reformation of the Bohemian clergy, 22; his death, 22; gives protection to Conrad Waldhauser, 26, 27; his forbearance towards the reformers, 30; presents land to Milic for his mission, 34; his foundation of the University of Prague, 66, 67
Chelcicky, Peter, moral originator of the Bohemian Brethren, 369
Church, the Eastern, its connection with Bohemia, 10, 11; its intense animosity against the Roman Church, 331; Bohemians contemplate union with, 369
Church, the Western, schism in, 93–95, 98 seq.; 225, 226; discussion concerning, at the Council of Constance, 227
Church-song, participation of congregation in, 298; Hus’s views concerning, 299; his efforts at reform of, 300, 301; opposition to by Bohemian prelacy, 302
Clux, Sir Hartung van, English envoy, 146
Cobham, Lord, Hus writes to for copies of Wycliffe’s works, 304
Colonna, Egydius, Archbishop of Bourges, 4
Compacts, as accepted at the Council of Basle, 367; signed at Iglau, 367, 368; repudiated by Nicholas V., 369
Conrad of Vechta, becomes Archbishop of Prague, 169; letter from Bishop of Litomysl to, 172, 173; his answer to John Gerson’s letter, 178; head of the Calixtine Church, 357
Constance, General Council of, 183; French and English representatives at, 183; awaited with anxiety by Europe, 183; short treatise by Hus, known as his protest to the Council, 204; appoints commissioners to report on Hus, 222; German princes at, 225, 226; discussion of the schism at, 227; deposes John XXIII., 227, 231; appoints commissioners to examine Hus, 237; publishes declaration against heresy, 238; expostulations received from Bohemian nobles by, 240, 241; evasive answer sent by, 241; refuses to release Hus, but consents to his public trial, 243; its determination to condemn him, 245, 246; Hus’s trial, 246 seq.; Sigismund’s address to at its close, 259; its decree against utraquism, 266, 267; Hus’s letter about the Council, 273; its final proceedings against Hus, 278–282; its sentence upon, 282; was the council justified in accusing Hus of heresy? 286–288; summons Jerome of Prague to a public abjuration, 329; its fresh act of accusation against, 331; its condemnation of as heretic, 332; its correspondence with Sigismund and the Bohemians, 337; protest of Bohemian nobles to, 337, 338, 339; appoints John the “iron” to suppress heresy in Bohemia, 342
Contra Octo Doctores, by Hus, 318
Contra Palec, by Hus, 318
Contra Praedicatorem Plznensem, by Hus, 318
Cosmas, Bohemian chronicler, 12
Cossa, Baldassare, Cardinal, elected Pope, 95; early life of, 96, 97; his “reign of terror” as papal legate, 97; his arrest of the Bohemian envoys, 99, 100 (see John XXIII.)
Cunegunda of Wartenberg, 76
D’Ailly, Cardinal, at the Council of Constance, 208; appointed to examine Hus, 237; reasons for his hostility to Hus, 237; his scholastic duel with Hus during the latter’s trial, 248; denounces Hus as an enemy of the temporal authorities, 251, 253; attacks him again about Wycliffe, 255, 256; his final charge to Hus, 256, 257; at the final trial, 279
Domazlice, Hussite victory at, 366
Elias, John, at the Church Conference in Prague, 173
England, its sympathy with the Bohemian movement, 133, 134; is favourable to the Council of Constance, 183; altramontane attitude of its representatives, 183
Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, 370; endeavours to strengthen the Roman cause, 370; deprives the Bohemian towns of their privileges, 371; establishes Jesuits in Bohemia, 371
Filastre, Cardinal, appointed to examine Hus, 237
France, its struggle with the Papacy, 4; and the schism, 99, 101; embassy sent by to King Venceslas concerning, 104, 105; its opposition at first to the Council at Constance, 183; finally sends representatives, 183
Frederick II., Emperor of Germany, his struggle with the Pope, 2
Frederick, Burgrave of Nuremberg, at Constance, 226
Frederick, Duke of Austria, his agreement with John XXIII., 211, 212; arrives at Constance, 226; helps the pope to escape, 229; imperial ban pronounced on, 230; his defeat by the Swiss, 230; makes his submission to the Emperor, 230
George of Podebrad, utraquist king, takes city of the Taborites, 359; leader of the national party, 368; obtains guardianship of Ladislas Posthumus, 368; elected King of Bohemia, 369; war with King Matthias of Hungary, 369
Germans, in Bohemia, Hus preaches against oppression of, 73, 77; at the University of Prague. 77, 78; their attitude during the schism, 101, 102; their accusations against the “Wycliffites,” 102, 103; their anger at the king’s decree, 107; their departure from Prague, 109, no; racial antipathy between Bohemians and, 295;
German inhabitants leave Prague, 348
Germany, its struggle with the Papacy, 2, 3, 4; and the Schism, 101, 225; German princes at the Council of Constance, 225, 226
Gerson, John, denounces the heretical views spreading in Bohemia, 177, 178, 179; at the Council of Constance, 208, 223, 230; on the recantation of heretics, 330
Gesta Christi, earliest printed work of Hus, 312
Gregory XII., Pope (see church, schism in)
Gregory, Brother, founder of the Bohemian Brethren, 369
Hanus of Lipa, 220
Henning of Baltenhagen, rector of Prague University, complains to Venceslas of the “Wycliffites,” 103, 104, 323
Henry, Lord, of Chlum, surnamed Lacembok, sent by king to protect Hus, 208
Hus, John, and the Eastern Church, 11; an ardent Bohemian patriot, 17; his indebtedness to Wycliffe exaggerated, 18–22, 118; his extensive learning, 20, 91; his great qualities, 63; his birth, home, and parentage, 64, 65; anecdote of, 65; at Prague University, 66; his student days, 69, 70; admitted to college in the fruit market, 70; anecdote of, 70; his early adherence to the Catholic Church, 71; his fellow students, 71; his academic honours, 72; becomes rector of the University, 72; ordained priest, 72; his talents as a preacher, 73; preaches against German oppression, 73; appointed preacher at the Bethlehem Chapel, 74; attracts numerous disciples, 76; incurs hostility of the German inhabitants of Prague, 77; his study of Wycliffe, 79; his first theological controversy, 79–81; appointed preacher to the Synod, 82; attacks conduct of Bohemian priests, 82; appointed court chaplain and confessor to the Queen, 82; sent to investigate into the miracles performed at Wilsnack, 82–84; hatred of the priests towards, 84; accusations brought against, 85, 86; his letter to the archbishop, 86, 87; close of the academic period of his life, 87; his numerous writings, 88; his translation of Wycliffe’s Trialogus, 89; his Super IV. Sententiarum, 90, 91, 92; other Latin works, 84, 92; interferes on behalf of the imprisoned Bohemian envoys, 100; supports the Bohemian members of the university in favour of neutrality in regard to the schism, 103; decree against signed by the archbishop, 103; King Venceslas threatens him, 104; receives the good news of the king’s decree of Kutna Hora, 106; accused of wishing to expel the German students from Prague, 107, 110, 111; elected rector of the university, 114; increased animosity of the parish priests towards, 114; fresh accusations brought against by Zbynek, 118, 119; summoned to appear before the court of the archbishop, 120; his sermon in response to the papal bull, 124; appeals to the pope, 124, 125; is excommunicated by Zbynek, 125; protests against the burning of Wycliffe’s books, 127; is summoned to appear before the papal tribunal, 130; support of by the court, 130, 131; decides not to take the Italian journey, 132; his letter to Richard Wiche, 135, 136; his dispute with the archbishop is settled by arbitration, 141, 142, 143; renewed bitterness between, 143; his letter to the pope, 143; his dispute with the English envoy Stokes, 146, 147, 165; invites to a disputation concerning the sale of indulgences, 151; his speech, 151; condemnatory judgment passed against him by the papal courts, 153; meets the leaders of the Roman party at the Castle of Zebrak, 154, 155; pleads on behalf of the three youths condemned for raising a disturbance, 156, 157; his moderation prevents a catastrophe, 158, 159; is further excommunicated, 159; after some indecision he leaves Prague for a while, 161, 162, 163; writings dating from this period, 164, 165; his letter explaining his reasons for leaving Prague, 167; his treatise on simony, 170; and the Bohemian Synod, 171; denounced by the Bishop of Litomysl, 172, 173; retires to Kozi Hradek, 175; his popularity among the Bohemians, 176; Bohemian letter of June 10, 1415, 176; pays short visit to Prague, his position there becomes more difficult, 179; accepts invitation to Krakovec, 180; negotiations concerning his journey to Constance, 184; Sigismund’s promise of safe conduct to, 184; is warned not to go, 185; his farewell letters, 185; the court and nobles provide means for his journey, 185; he leaves Prague, 186; works written by during the previous two years, 186–207 (see under Simony); extracts from his sermons on the Gospels, 196–198; his De Ecclesia, 199–202; his Apellatio, 202–204; other Latin works, 204–207; his treatise on the pretentions of the Bohemian clergy, 204, 205; his affirmation that Christ, not the pope, is the head of the Church, 207; arrives at Nuremberg, 209; sends his friend to receive letter of safe-conduct for him, and proceeds direct to Constance, 209, 210; his first letter after arrival at, 210; accusation against placed on the door of the church, 211; is surrounded by enemies and spies, 212, 213; pope promises him protection, 214; circulation of false tales about, 215; visit of the cardinals to, 216; his dwelling-place surrounded by armed men, 217; his reply to the cardinals in the pope’s palace, 217; his interview with the monk Didacus, 218; his arrest, 219; taken to the dungeon of the Dominican monastery, 220; commissioners appointed to report on, 222; asks to be allowed a lawyer for his defence, 223; is refused, 223; falls dangerously ill, 223; continued prosecution of, 224; concocted accusations against, 233, 234; his letter to the citizens of Prague, 234; has a few friends to visit him, 235; placed in custody of the Bishop of Constance, 236; cruel treatment of, 236, 237; his examination by the commissioners, 238; intervention of Bohemian nobles on behalf of, 238–241; promise extracted from council of his having a public hearing, 243; is brought to trial, 246; is not allowed to speak, 247; his second day of trial and scholastic duel with D’Ailly, 248, 249; further witnesses brought against, 250; endeavour to prove his dependence on Wycliffe, 250; his answer to the Cardinal of Cambray, 251; his third day of trial, 252; accusations against, founded on De Ecclesia and other works, 253, 254, 256; his speech concerning unworthy kings, 254, 255; his answer to D’Ailly about Wycliffe, 255, 256; his final speech of defence, 257; his answer to those who urge him to recant, 257; corresponds with “the father,” 261; is aware of Sigismund’s treachery, 263; his letter to the Bohemian nation, 264–266; his letter on the subject of utraquism, 268, 269; his books condemned to be burnt, 269; his further letters to the Bohemians, 269–273; his farewell letter to Prague University, 273, 274; his messages to his various friends, 275; last efforts made to induce him to recant, 276; is taken to the Cathedral, 278; is not allowed to defend himself, 279, 280; final proceedings against, 280–282; sentence passed upon, 282; his degradation and deconsecration, 282; is led to the stake, 283; account of his last moments, 283–285; discussion as to whether he was justly accused of heresy, 286–288; his patriotic devotion to his own country and language, 293, 294. 295; the first to attempt to establish a recognised written language, 296; revises the Bohemian translations of the Bible, 298; his character antagonistic to that of Wycliffe, 299; his views on church-singing, 299; endeavours to replace the latin singing in his church by songs in the national language, 301; objections to raised by Bohemian prelacy, 302; hymns composed by, 303; his efforts to establish relations with foreign countries, 304; writes to Lord Cobham, 304; relations with King Vladislav, 304, 305; sends latter congratulatory letter on his victory, 305, 306, 307; his letter on church-reform to, 308, 309; his fame as a writer, 312 (see below under works by); portraits of, 318–320; defence of by Bohemian nobles, 337, 338; development of his doctrines in Bohemia, 356 seq.; no one found to be his true successor, 362
Hus, John, works by, 84–92, 164, 165, 186–207, 310–318; disappearance of some, 311; earliest work printed, 312; danger incurred in publishing as late as 19th century, 314, 315; periods of Hus’s literary activity, 317 (see under separate works)
Husinec, birthplace of Hus, 64; national feeling strongly developed in that part of the country, 293
Hussites, the Hussite movement, first check to the autocratic tendencies of Rome, 3; origin of Hussitism, 17, 170; discord among the Hussites, 344; movement for a time has iconoclastic character, 352; agreement among Hussites on matters of reform, 354; the Hussites obtain possession of nearly all Bohemia, 356; the Hussite war, the first in the world’s history fought for intellectual interests, 335; meeting of contending Hussites after the battle of the Vysehrad, 362, 363; peace between, 364; great meeting at, “Spitalske Pole,” 364; negotiations entered into with by Sigismund and the Roman Church, 366; victory over Romanists at Domazlice, 366; they formulate their demands at the Council of Basle, 366; Compacts as determined at, 367
Indulgences, sale of, 71; disturbances in Prague, an account of, 149 seq.; disputation upon and Hus’s speech, 151; Jerome of Prague takes part in discussion, 325
Jacob or Jacobellus of Stribro (Mies), 70, 71, 135; draws up document to be forwarded to the synod, 171; 174, 221; his introduction of utraquism at Prague, 232, 268; and the formulation of the Hussite doctrine, 343; his more “advanced” views, 357
Jerome of Prague, 11, 71, 89; King Venceslas threatens him for his heresy, 104; 131; speaks against sale of indulgences, 151; connives at grotesque procession, 153; at Constance, 235; accused by Sigismund, 259, 260; contrasted with Hus, 321, 322; his parentage, 322; goes to Oxford and studies Wycliffe, 322; his roving life, 323; at Kutna Hora, 323; his violent denunciation of the clergy, 324; denounced as a heretic and summoned, 324; escapes from Vienna, 325; takes part in the discussion concerning indulgences, 325; leaves Prague and proceeds to Poland, 325; his appearance and manners, 325–6; goes to Constance, 326; endeavours to escape and is captured and imprisoned, 326; Hus’s mention of, 326–7; his recantation, 327; his letter to Lacko of Kravar, 327, 328; his public abjuration, 329, 330; expresses his regret at having recanted, 331; new act of accusation against, 331; his trial, 332; description of his eloquence by Bracciolini, 332; his death, 332, 333
John XXIII., his election, 95; his policy, 98; Hus appeals to, 125; receives letters from Venceslas and Queen Sophia, 129; issues bull supporting the church party and summoning Hus to appear, 130; receives remonstrances from the king and queen, 130, 131; his cautious policy, 137, 138; his struggle for temporal dominion, 149; grants plenary indulgence to those who take part in war against King of Naples, 149; declares all Wycliffe’s works heretical, 169; his negotiations with Sigismund concerning a general council, 181; consents to it being held at Constance, 183; his agreement with Duke Frederick of Austria, 211, 212; his journey to Constance, 212; promises protection to Hus, 214; his part in Hus’s arrest, 219; offers bribe to Sigismund, 226; his deposition, 227, 228; escapes from Constance, 229; sentence pronounced on by council, 231; his last years and death, 231; his tomb, 231; Hus’s letter concerning, 271
John, Bishop of Litomysl, opponent of church-reform, 144; his excessive cruelty, 144, 145; candidate for Archbishopric of Prague, 148; letter to Archbishop Conrad, 172, 173; his bitter enmity towards Hus, 212, 213; tries to deprive him of his liberty, 217; assistance given by to Hus’s enemies, 234; accusation against by Bohemian nobles, 241; brings witnesses against Hus, 250; his letter to King Venceslas, 337; appointed by council to suppress heresy in Bohemia, 342; his estates seized by the national party, 343
John, Bishop of Lübeck, appointed by Council of Constance to report on Hus, 222
John, Burgrave of Nuremberg, at Constance, 226
John of Brogni, Cardinal-bishop of Ostia, his correspondence with Hus, 261
John, Lord, of Chlum, accompanies Hus to Constance, 208; at Biberach, 210; his anger with the cardinals, 216; accompanies Hus to the pope’s palace, 217; at the interview between Hus and the monk, 218; appeals to the pope against Hus’s arrest, 219; affixes protests against on the gates of the cathedral, 220; and writes to Sigismund, 220; appeals to Sigismund at the time of Hus’s trial, 246; Hus’s letter to about his trial, 247; his generous speech and action in support of Hus, 251, 252, 258; overhears Sigismund’s speech to the council, 258; Hus’s last message concerning, 274–5; visits Hus in prison, 276
John the elder, Lord of Usti, upholder of reform, 168
John (titular), patriarch of Constantinople, appointed by Council of Constance to report on Hus, 222
John of Jesenice, chosen as representative of Hus at the papal court, 132; protests against Palec’s statement concerning the Roman Church, 174
John of Maintz, Elector Archbishop, rides into Constance in full armour, 226
John (or Hanus) of Millheim, founder of Bethlehem Chapel, 74
John of Paris, 4
John of Reinstein, nicknamed “Kardinal,” sent by King Venceslas as envoy to Pisa, 101; represents the University of Prague at the Council of Constance, 208; not allowed a hearing, 208
John of Rokycan, chosen by Estates of Bohemia as archbishop, 357; at the meeting at “Spitalske Pole,” 364, 365; at the Council of Basle, 366; pope refuses to recognise, 368, 369
John of Stekna, famous preacher, 71
John of Zelivo, Hussite and utraquist, his popularity in Prague, 346; his sermon, 346; leads the faithful to the town hall, 346; struggle with priests at St. Stephen, 346; is struck by stone, 347; denounces Sigismund, 347, 348; his fanaticism, 359
Joseph II., Emperor, his “Toleranz Patent,” 10
Kanis, Peter, fanatical preacher, 360
Kaplir, Catherine, of Sulevic, 76
Konopist, truce between Taborites and Calixtines concluded at, 364
Korybut, Prince, of Lithuania, repre-sentative of the elected King of Bohemia, 363; mediates between the contending Hussite parties, 364; leads the Calixtines to battle, 365
Kralove Hradec (Königgratz) surrenders to Sigismund, 352
Krasa, John, cruel sentence passed on by Sigismund, 351
Kutna Hora (Kuttenberg), famous decree of, 105; French embassy at for discussion of Schism, 323; Hus and Jerome at, 323; Sigismund receives envoys from Prague at, 352; subdued by the Praguers, 363
Ladislas, King of Naples, supporter of Gregory XII., invades papal states, 149
Lefl, Lord Henry, Hus’s last message to, 275
Leipzig, university founded at, 110
“Letter of majesty,” granting privileges to Lutherans, signed by Rudolph II., 371
Luther, Martin, translation by of some of Hus’s letters, 312
Margaret of Moravia, 33
Margrave of Baden, at Constance, 226
Marsiglio of Padua, his views on the temporal power of the pope, etc., as stated in his Defensor Pacis, 5–9
Martin V. proclaims crusade against Bohemia, 350; enters into negotiations with the Hussites, 366; consents to general council at Basle, 366
Matthew of Janov, reformer, 3, 4, 18, 27, 32, 42, 47; his birth and early life, 48; his academic honours and poverty, 49; receives a canonry of Prague, 49; other dignities conferred on, 50; views preached by, opposed to the teaching of Rome, 50; summoned to appear before the archiepiscopal court and forced to retract, 51; continues his bold preaching, 51, 52; further proceedings against, promises of obedience and reinstatement, 52; a change comes over him and he renounces all his earthly ambitions, 52–54; he continues to preach against abuses, 55; his death, 55; summary of his Regulae Veteris et Novi Testamenti, 55–60; character of his work in general, 60, 61; his importance in connection with the Hussite movement, 61, 62; 63
Matthias, King of Hungary, war with Bohemia, 369
Maximilian, King of Bohemia, 371
Meissen, Margrave of, ravages Bohemia, 73
Mendicant orders, their avarice and immorality, and complaint against, by Conrad Waldhauser, 24; their persecution of the latter, 25, 26; their enmity towards the reformer Milic, 31, 32
Mensi Zrcadlo (the Smaller Mirror) by Hus, 186
Michael de causis, opponent of Hus, 141; his bad reputation, 152; appointed advocate at the papal law courts, 152, 159, 160; places accusation against Hus on door of church at Constance, 211; he and Palec prepare articles against Hus, 213, 214; circulates false tale about Hus, 215; his part in the latter’s arrest, 219; accusations against, prepared by, 222; seizes opportunity of Hus’s illness and weakness to confront him with opponents, 223, 224; his false accusations against Hus, 233, 234
Milic, John, of Kromerize, reformer, his early life and piety, 27, 28; made canon of St. Vitus in Prague, 28; renounces all his worldly honours, 28; his apostolic poverty and preaching, 28, 29; denounces emperor as antichrist, 30; twice imprisoned and released, 30, 31; his letter to the pope, 31, 32; his asceticism, 32; his mission to fallen women, 33, 34; proceedings taken against at instigation of the parish priests, 34, 35, 36; he appeals to the pope and is declared innocent, 36; his death, 37, 63
“Mohamedans,” nickname given to the opponents of reform, 177
Nebovid, victory of Zizka over Sigismund at, 363
Newman, Cardinal, on poverty, 2
Nicholas V. repudiates the Compacts, 369
Nicholas of Pelhrimov, Calixtine bishop, 359; spokesman for the Taborites at the meeting of contending Hussites, 363
Nuremburg, Hus’s stay at, 209
Palec, Stephen, sent as envoy to Pisa, 99; arrested by order of Cardinal Cossa, and subsequently liberated, 99, 100; becomes an opponent of Hus, 140; at the disputation concerning the sale of indulgences, 151; at the church conference in Prague, 173; his bad faith, 174; leaves Bohemia and stirs up public opinion against Hus, 175; arrives at Constance, 213; he and Michael de causis prepare articles against Hus, 213, 214; circulates false tale about Hus, 215; his part in Hus’s arrest, 219; his false accusations against Hus, 222, 233; at Hus’s trial, 254, 255, 258, 280
Papacy, its struggle with Germany, 2, 3; with the Kings of France, 4; views concerning temporal power of, 5–9
Peter of Mladenovic, spokesman of the Bohemian nobles at the Council of Constance, 240, 241, 242, 243; Hus’s farewell gift to, 275; his account of Hus’s last moments, 283–285; preserves copies of Hus’s writings, 311; on the governing body of the Calixtine church, 357; spokesman for the university at meeting of contending Hussites, 363
Pisa, meeting of cardinals at, to negotiate concerning the Schism, 95, 101; envoys sent to by King Venceslas, 99, 100, 101
Poles, part played by in the Hussite wars, 304
Prague, foundation of bishopric of, 11; Cathedral of, charged with papal “provisions” 13; archdeaconal inspection held in 1379, 1380, 14, 15; effect of Conrad Walhauser’s preaching in, 23, 24; hostility between Germans and Bohemians in, 77, 78; popular demonstrations in, 115, 116; hatred of the clergy among the people, 125, 126; placed under an interdict, 139; disturbance in, on account of sale of indulgences, 149 seq.; grotesque procession through the streets of, 153, 154; execution of three youths for protesting against simony, 156, 157; interdict against, put into execution, 160, 161; anxiety in concerning Hus’s fate, 232; introduction of utraquism at, 232; struggle between priests and heretics at St. Stephen, 347; attack on the town hall led by Zizka, 347; expulsion from of non-utraquist priests, 348; German inhabitants leave the town, 348; march of Taborites upon, 348; fury of people at introduction of German mercenaries, 348; citizens seize the Vysehrad, 348; large part of city destroyed, 349; peace restored, 349; citizens endeavour to come to agreement with Sigismund, 352; send to the Taborites to come to their aid, 353; city surrounded by the “crusaders,” 353; the enemy is repulsed, 354; arrival and death of Sigismund in, 368; Roman archbishopric re-established, 371
Prague, Articles of, 343, 344; approved by the utraquist nobles, 355; meeting between Romanists and Bohemians for discussion of, 355; accepted by Archbishop of Prague, 357; re-affirmed by meeting at Caslav, 363
Prague, University of, its foundation, 66, 67, 111, 112; diversity of “nations” at, 67, 68; its fame, 68; sends envoys to Pisa, 99; division between Germans and Bohemians in as regarded the question of neutrality during the church schism, 101, 102, 103; some of its members accuse the “Wycliffites” to King Venceslas, 102, 103; the king’s famous decree conferring increased privileges on the Bohemian members, 105, 106; departure of German students from, 109, 110; becomes a national university, 113; appeals against the burning of Wycliffe’s works, 122; document forwarded by to the Bohemian synod, 171, 172; begs Hus to remain in Bohemia, 185; helps to defray expense of Hus’s journey to Constance, 185; sends representative to Council, 208; Hus’s farewell letter to, 273, 274; meeting of chief theologians of to formulate Hussite doctrine, 343; sends representative to meeting of contending Hussites, 363
Praguers, see Calixtines
Pribislav, Castle, attacked by Zizka, 365
Prokop the Great, and Prokop the Less, successors of Zizka, 365; the former at Council of Basle, 366; leader of Taborites at Lipany, 367
Ranco, Adalbert, reformer, 32, 42, 43, 44; becomes rector of the University of Paris, 44; reports on Milic’s orthodoxy, as Canon of Prague, 44; pronounces funeral oration on the Emperor Charles, 45; his fame as a preacher, 45; his letter concerning frequent communions, 45, 46; protests against the new festival in honour of the Virgin, 46; his death, 47; at Prague when Hus was a student, 71
Replica Contra Prædicatorem Plznensem, by Hus, 204
Rome, autocratic tendencies of, first checked by Hussite movement, 3
Sacrament, in both kinds, 1, 2; customary in Bohemia, 10 (see utraquism); administration of by unworthy priests, 3; views of Hus upon, 119, 120, 179; question of frequent communion, 37, 41; Ranco’s letter upon, 45, 46; Matthew of Janov’s views on, 50, 56, 57, 61, 62; Hus’s adoption of the doctrine of transubstantiation, 205; 218, 222
Sermones de Sanctis, by Hus, 316
Sigismund, King of the Romans, afterwards Emperor, 137; ready to employ any means to injure his brother, King Venceslas, 179; his negotiations with Pope John XXIII. concerning a general council, 181; decides that it shall be held at Constance, 183; promises Hus a safe-conduct to Constance and back, 184; his part in Hus’s arrest, 219; his feigned displeasure, 220; remonstrances sent to, by the Bohemian lords, 220; neglects their warning letter, 221; his arrival in Constance, 224, 225; his neglect of Hus, 226; refuses the pope’s offered bribe, 226; conciliates the council, 227; neglects opportunity of releasing Hus, 229, 230; pronounces imperial ban against Duke Frederick, 230; his treachery to Hus, 236; remonstrances addressed to, by Bohemian nobles, 239, 242; revokes all letters of safeconduct, 242; determines that Hus shall not return to Bohemia, 244, 246; his feigned indignation with the council, 246; Hus’s answer to the Cardinal of Cambray increases his anger against the reformer, 252; his words to Hus after the latter’s speech about unworthy kings, 255; urges Hus to recant for his own political purposes, 257, 260, 261; his address to the council, 259, 260; receives further remonstrances from Bohemia, 260; his treachery referred to by Hus, 263; is present at Hus’s final trial and condemnation, 277, 279; orders the Count Palatine to lead Hus to the stake, 283; indignation against, in Bohemia, 291, 292, 337; discussion of his treachery, 290, 291; hatred of Bohemians towards, 291, 292; hostilities with King of Poland, 307; covert threat to by Bohemian nobles, 338; his letters to Venceslas and Queen Sophia concerning heresy, etc., 340, 341; heir to the throne of Bohemia, 347; his temporising policy after his brother’s death, 348; appoints Queen Sophia regent of Bohemia, 348; his answer to the demands of the Bohemian envoys, 349, 350; persuades the pope to declare a crusade against Bohemia, 350; his cruelty to John Krasa, 351; crosses into Bohemia, 352; marches to Kutna Hora, 352; his ungracious reception of the envoys from Prague, 352; attacks Prague and is repulsed, 354; attempts to relieve the castle of Vysehrad, 355; his defeat, 355, 356; returns from Bohemia, 356; his deposition pronounced by Bohemia, 363; reattacks Bohemia and defeated by Zizka, 363; enters into negotiations with the Hussites, 366; recognised as king by the Bohemians, 368; his short reign and death at Prague, 368
Simon, Cardinal of Rheims, begs Archbishop Conrad to extirpate heresy, 179
Simony, universal in Bohemia, 170; horror of a chief cause of the religious upheaval, 187; Hus’s treatise on, 170, 187; summary of, 188–195; Hus’s closing words, 195, 196; his letter to King of Poland concerning, 307, 308; 317
Sophia, wife of King Venceslas, 76; appoints Hus her confessor, 82; strongly supports his party, 105; writes to the pope on behalf of freedom of preaching, 128; further remonstrance from, 130; her influence over the king, 182; her fervent adherence to Hus, 302; her indignation at the treatment meted to him, 337; letter from Sigismund to, 341; appointed regent of Bohemia, 348; calls German mercenaries to her aid against the Taborites, 348
“Spitalske Pole” (Spitalfield), great meeting of Hussites at, 364
Stanislas of Znoymo, sent as envoy to Pisa, 99; arrested by order of Cardinal Cossa, and subsequently liberated, 99, 100; opponent of Hus, 140; at the disputation concerning the sale of indulgences, 151; at church conference in Prague, 173; his panegyric of the papal power, and Hus’s answer to, 206; his death, 213
Stransky, Paul, Bohemian exile, 10
Taborites, the, 344, 345; democratic character of Taborite movement, 346; they march on Prague, 348; build their stronghold of Tabor, 349; march to the help of Prague, 353; repulse the enemy, 354; their doctrines as distinguished from those of Hus and the Calixtines, 358; opposed to the hierarchy of the Roman Church, 358, 359; their political principles, 359; downfall of community after the battle of Lipany, 359; their fanaticism pernicious to the cause of reform, 361; Pribram’s work on, 361; Zizka joins the extreme party, 363; wage war with the Calixtine party, 364; their victories over, 364; truce with, 364; march under Zizka against Moravia, 365; adopt the name of “Orphans” after his death, 365; their defeat by the nobles at Lipany, 367
Tannenberg, victory of King Vladislav at, 305
Teuton (see Slav)
Thomas of Stitny, reformer, 29, 32, 38, 39; his views as given in his work Of General Christian Matters, 39, 40, 41; his Learned Entertainments, 42, 43; falls out of touch with the leaders of the reform movement, 43; his use as a writer of the national language, 43; his death, 43
Tiem, Venceslas, Dean of Passau, his traffic in indulgences, 150; his desire to revenge himself on Hus, 213
“Toleranz Patent” of Joseph II., 10
Ulrich of Rosenberg, leader of the Romanist party, 368
Utraquism, or communion in both kinds, 56, 61, 62; its introduction at Prague, 232; influence of this on Hus’s fate, 232, 233; decree against by the council, 266, 267; becomes the watch-word of the Hussite Church, 267; Hus’s letter on the subject, 268, 269; outbreaks in Prague concerning, 343, 346, 347, 348
Utraquists, their attitude towards the Church of Rome, 356, 357; retrograde policy of, 368, 369; adopt some of Luther’s views, 370
Vencelas, King, college founded by, at Prague, 70, 73; his kindness to Hus, 82; his action as regards the Schism, 99; sends envoys to Pisa, 99, 100; sends further envoy, 101; his willingness to remain neutral, 101, 102; complaints made to him of the “Wycliffites” at Prague; his angry words to Hus and Jerome, 103, 104; receives French embassy, 104; his change of feeling and famous decree of Kutna Hora, 105; further decree forbidding allegiance to Pope Gregory, 106, 107; his answer to the remonstrance of the German students, 107–109; urges moderation on Zbynek, 124; continues to extend protection to Hus, 128; writes to the pope concerning the Bohemian controversy, 128; remonstrates with pope on behalf of Hus, 130; reasons for his not being elected King of the Romans, 137; orders confiscation of the archbishop’s property to refund the value of books burnt, 138, 139; he is chosen as arbitrator between Hus and the archbishop, 141; his court physician made archbishop, 147; endeavours to mediate between Hus and the Roman party, 154, 155; forbids any participation in street riots on pain of death, 155; he and the queen persuade Hus to leave Prague for a while, 163, 164; his efforts at conciliating the hostile parties, 168, 169; summons synod to meet, 170; his disappointment at its failure, 173; calls another conference, 173; his anger with Palec and sentence of banishment against, 175; fears his treacherous brother Sigismund, 179; his popularity, 182; suspected of heresy, 182; his representative not allowed a hearing at the Council of Constance, 208; his speech on hearing of Hus’s execution, 292; his displeasure with his brother and the Bohemian priests, 337; refuses to join the confederative nobles, 339; loses his popularity and determines to send to Sigismund for aid, 346; hears of disturbance at Prague, seized with apoplexy and dies, 347
Venceslas, Lord, of Duba, or Lestna, friend of Hus, 214, 216; his visit to him in prison, 235, 236; appeals to Sigismund on his behalf, 246; overhears Sigismund’s speech to the council, 258; his visit and speech to Hus in prison, 276, 277
Vladislav, King of Poland, Hus establishes relations with, 304, 305; his victory over the army of the Teutonic order, 305; Hus’s letters to, 306, 307, 308; at war with King of Hungary, 307; his ambassadors at the Council of Constance endeavour to save Hus, 309; offered the crown of Bohemia, 309
Vlasim, Ocko of, Archbishop of Prague, 30; his distress at proceedings being taken against Milic, 36
Vok, Lord, of Waldstein organises grotesque procession through streets of Prague, 153, 154; Jerome of Prague’s part in, 325
Vysehrad, castle of, seized by citizens of Prague, 348; besieged by the Hussites, 355; Sigismund defeated near, 355, 356
Waldhauser, Conrad, Augustine monk, effect of his preaching in Prague, 23, 24; comes into collision with the mendicant friars, 24; summoned to appear before the archiepiscopal court, 25; declines the legate’s summons to a disputation, 25, 26; his reply to his accusers, 26; King Charles’s favour towards, 26, 27; his death, 27
White Mountain, see Bila Hora
Witold, Duke of Lithuania, elected King of Bohemia, 363
Women of Bohemia, their joining in church singing derided by the prelacy, 302; their resentment at the evil life of the latter, 302; their fervent adherence to Hus, 302
Wycliffe, indebtedness of Hus to exaggerated, 18–22, 117, 118; Hus studies his works, 79; Hübner’s “articles” against, 80; translation of work of his by Hus, 89; strange tale concerning, 117; his writings burnt, 122, 125; all his works declared heretical, 169; pronouncement of Council of Constance against, 238; endeavours made to prove Hus’s identity of views with at the former’s trial, 250, 255, 256; his character compared with that of Hus, 299
Zbynek, Archbishop of Prague, 81; his efforts to improve the moral conduct of the clergy, 81, 82; appoints Hus preacher to the synod, 82; appoints him to inquire into the Holy Blood of Wilsnack, 82; becomes less friendly to Hus, 86; letter from Hus to, 86, 87; supporter of the rival Pope Gregory, 102; signs a decree against Hus, 103; opposes the king’s wishes, and retires from Prague, 115; brings further accusations against Hus, 118, 119; his embassy to Alexander V., 121; in accordance with papal bull orders destruction of Wycliffe’s works and forbids heretical preaching, 122, 123; burns the books and excommunicates Hus, 125; ordered by king to refund the value of the books and refuses, 138; some of his property confiscated, 138; places Prague under an interdict, 139; thinks it politic to make peace with the king, 141; his dispute with Hus is settled by arbitration, 141, 142, 143; renewed bitterness between, 143; retires from Prague, 144; his threatening letter to the king, and death, 145
Zdenek of Laboun, Provost of All Saints, royal commissioner at the church conference in Prague, 173, 174
Zizka, John, of Trocnov, 221, 335; leads attack on town hall of Prague, 347; leads the Taborites against Prague, 348; to the help of Prague, 353, 354; his political and religious views, 359; his devotion to Hus’s memory, 359; defeats Sigismund at Nebovid, 363; joins the extreme Taborites, 363; defeats the Calixtines at Horic, 364; and at Kralove Hradec and Malesov, 364; at the meeting at “Spitalske pole,” 364, 365; leads the united Hussites on a last campaign, 365; marches against Moravia, is attacked by plague and dies, 365
Zrcadlo Hrichuv (Mirror of Sin) by Hus, 186
THE TEMPLE PRESS, PRINTERS, LETCHWORTH