Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 25

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1892

VOL. XXV.

(Eighth of New Series)

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director

Issued May, 1893.

WELLINGTON:

SAMUEL COSTALL, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON E.C.

ERRATUM.

On page 3, for Patchyornis read Pachyornis.

CONTENTS.

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TRANSACTIONS.

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I.—Zoology.
			PAGES.
Art.	I.	On the Classification and Mutual Relations of the Dinornithidæ. By Professor T. Jeffery Parker, F.R.S.	1–3
	II.	On the Presence of a Crest of Feathers in certain Species of Moa. By Professor T. Jeffery Parker	3–6
	III.	On New Species of Moas. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S.	6–13
	IV.	On Anomalopteryx antiqua. By Captain F. W. Hutton	14–16
	V.	The Moas and the Moa-hunters. By Monsieur A. de Quatrefages. Translated from the French by Laura Buller: communicated by Sir Walter L. Buller, K.C.M.G., F.R.S.	17–49
	VI.	Notes on Mus maorium, Hutton, with Exhibition of Specimen. By Sir Walter L. Buller	49–50
	VII.	Note on the Bats of New Zealand. By Sir Walter L. Buller	50–52
	VIII.	Note on the Flightless Rail of the Chatham Islands (Cabalus modestus). By Sir Walter L. Buller	52–53
	IX.	Notes on New Zealand Birds. By Sir Walter Buller	53–63
	X.	Further Notes on the Birds of New Zealand. By Sir Walter Buller	63–88
	XI.	On the Fissures and Caves at the Castle Rocks, Southland: with a Description of the Remains of the Existing and Extinct Birds found in them. By A. Hamilton	88–106
	XII.	Notes on Birds. By R. I. Kingsley	107–108
	XIII.	On the Occurrence of the Luth, or Leathery Turtle, on the Coasts of New Zealand. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	108–110
	XIV.	On a Specimen of Sunfish captured at Poverty Bay. By Archdeacon W. L. Williams	110–111
	XV.	Further Notes on New Zealand Earthworms, with Observations on the known Aquatic Species. By W. W. Smith	111–146
	XVI.	Contributions to the Molluscan Fauna of New Zealand. By H. Suter: communicated by Professor Hutton	147–153
	XVII.	Notes on New Zealand Insects. By H. Suter: communicated by Professor Hutton	153–155
	XVIII.	An Enumeration of the Janellidæ. By C. Hedley, F.L.S., Assistant in Zoology, Australian Museum: communicated by Professor Hutton	156–162
	XIX.	Synonymical Notes on New Zealand Cicadidæ. By G. V. Hudson, F.E.S.	162–163
	XX.	Note on an Ant-like Insect (Betyla fulva, Cameron) parasitic in the New Zealand Glow-worm. By G. V. Hudson	164
	XXI.	Descriptions of New Species of Araneæ. By A. T. Urquhart, Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of Tasmania 165–190
	XXII.	On Eels. By E. O'H. Canavan	191–193
	XXIII.	On a New Zealand Variety of Floscidaria coronetta, Cubitt. By Archdeacon Stock, B.A.	193
	XXIV.	Remarks on the Carabidæ of New Zealand. By Captain T. Broun: communicated by Professor Hutton	194–198
	XXV.	On some Mites parasitic on Beetles and Wood-lice. By W. M. Maskell	199–201
	XXVI.	Further Coccid Notes: with Descriptions of New Species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. By W. M. Maskell, Corr. Mem. Roy. Soc. of South Australia, Registrar of the University of New Zealand	201–252
	XXVII.	On the Geographical Distribution of Atax. By Dr. H. v. Jhering, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: communicated by G. M. Thomson, F.L.S.	252–253
	XXVIII.	Note on some Sea-trout (Salmon or Salmon-trout?). By F. Sandager: communicated by G. M. Thomson	254
	XXIX.	Notes on a Land Planarian (sent by F. V. Knapp, Hampden State School, Nelson). By Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G., F.R.S.	255
	XXX.	Notes on the Southern Seals. By Sir James Hector	255–260
⁠
II.–Botany.
	XXXI.	On Heterostyled Trimorphic Flowers in New Zealand Fuchsias, with Notes on the Distinctive Characters of the Species. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	261–268
	XXXII.	Description of a New Genus and of New Species of Native Plants, &c. By D. Petrie, M.A., F.L.S.	269–275
	XXXIII.	Notes on the New Zealand Species of the Genus Andreæa, together with Descriptions of some New Species. By R. Brown	276–285
	XXXIV.	Notes on a proposed New Genus of New Zealand Mosses, together with a Description of Three New Species. By Robert Brown	285–287
	XXXV.	Note on Splachnidium rugosum, Grev. By Robert M. Laing, B.Sc.	288–289
	XXXVI.	Description of New Species of Musci. By T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S.	289–297
	XXXVII.	On some Little-known New Zealand Mosses. By T.W. Naylor Beckett	297–302
	XXXVIII.	On a New Insectivorous Plant in New Zealand. By Sir Walter L. Buller, K.C.M.G., F.R.S.	302–304
	XXXIX.	Botanical Notes from Takaka District. By R. I. Kingsley	304–305
	XL.	On a remarkable Variation in Lomaria lanccolata. By R. I. Kingsley	306
	XLI.	Bush Jottings: No. 2 (Botanical). By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Lond.), &c.	307–319
	XLII.	Cryptogams: A Description of a few Lately-discovered Rare Indigenous Ferns; also, Notice of a Fine and Peculiar Fungus, Ileodictyon, Tulasne,—Clathrus, Cooke. By William Colenso	319–324
	XLIII.	Phænogams: A Description of some Newly-discovered Indigenous Plants; being a Further Contribution towards the making known the Botany of New Zealand. By William Colenso	324–338
	XLIV.	A List of Fungi recently detected and collected in the Bush District, County of Hawke's Bay; being a Further Contribution to the Indigenous Flora of New Zealand. By W. Colenso	338–340
	XLV.	Memorandum of a few New Species of Hepaticæ lately detected in the Seventy-mile Bush District, as determined by Dr. F. Stephani, of Berlin. By W. Colenso	341–342
⁠
III.—Geology.
	XLVI.	Artesian-water Prospects at Wanganui. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S.	343–347
	XLVII.	Artesian Wells, Wanganui, New Zealand. By H. Hill	348–350
	XLVIII.	Discovery of Artesian Water-supply, Ruataniwha Plain. By H. Hill	350–353
	XLIX.	On the Occurrence of Granite and Gneissic Bocks in the King-country. By James Park, F.G.S., Lecturer, Thames School of Mines	353–362
	L.	The Earthquake of the 4th December, 1891: Notes thereon. By George Hogben, M.A.	362–367
	LI.	On an Olivine-andesite of Banks Peninsula. By R. Speight, M.A., B.Sc.	367–375
	LII.	On a Diatom Deposit near Pakaraka, Bay of Islands, Auckland. By A. McKay, F.G.S.	375–377
⁠
IV.—Chemistry.
	LIII.	On the Nature of Stinkstone (Anthraconite). By W. Skey	379–380
	LIV.	Further Results obtained in support of my Theory as to the Oxidation of Gold in presence of Air and Water. By W. Skey	381–384
⁠
V.—Miscellaneous.
	LV.	Causes of Fire on Shipboard and Elsewhere. By J. C. Firth	385–395
	LVI.	Maori Nomenclature. By T. H. Smith, formerly a Judge of the Native Land Court	395–412
	LVII.	The Extinction of the Moa. By Edward Tregear, F.R.G.S., &c.	413–426
	LVIII.	On a Maori Waiata. By R. C. Bruce, M.H.R.	426–428
	LIX.	Remarks on Dr. H. v. Jhering's Paper "On the Ancient Relations between New Zealand and South America." By Dr. Karl Mueller, of Halle, Germany	428–434
	LX.	The Effect of Deer on the New Zealand Bush: A Plea for the Protection of our Forest Reserves. By the Rev. P. Walsh	435–438
	LXI.	Unwritten Literature. By R. Coupland Harding	439–448
	LXII.	Observations on Rainbows. By R. Coupland Harding	448–449
	LXIII.	On Rainbows caused by Reflection in Still Water, and on Elliptically-generated Rainbows. By Major-General Schaw, C.B., R.E.	450–459
	LXIV.	Sanitation and Ventilation as required in a Modern House. By Edward Withy	459–478
	LXV.	The Effect of Current Electricity upon Plant-growth. By H. N. McLeod	479–482
	LXVI.	Notes on some Bone Combs for dressing the Head of a Maori Chief, found in Otago. By A. Hamilton	483–486
	LXVII.	Notes on some Old Flax Mats found in Otago. By A. Hamilton	486–488
	LXVIII.	On Two Bone Pendants found in the South Island of New Zealand. By A. Hamilton	489–491
	LXIX.	Notes on Maori Necklaces. By A. Hamilton	491–495
	LXX.	Discovery of Maori Implements at Takaka, Nelson. By R. I. Kingsley	494–495
	LXXI.	Observations on Mr. T. White's Paper "On the Native Dog of New Zealand," Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. xxiv., Art. 57. By W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Lond.), &c.	495–503
	LXXII.	On Remains of the Moa in the Forest. By Taylor White	504–505
	LXXIII.	After-images. By Miss K. Browning	506–509
	LXXIV.	Analogy between Light and Sound: Are they Convertible? By Miss Annette Wilson	510–514
	LXXV.	National Melodies. By Miss Morrison	514–515
	LXXVI.	Notes regarding Icebergs at the Chatham Islands. By A. Shand	516–517
⁠
⁠
NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Twenty-fourth Annual Report, 1891–92			521–522
Accounts for 1891–92			522
⁠
⁠
PROCEEDINGS.
WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Notes on a Kapu, or Carved Funnel, and a Kaea, or Maori War-trumpet. By Sir W. Buller, K.C.M.G., F.R.S.			527–528
Notes on Exhibits			528
Notes on an Albino Sparrow. By Sir W. Buller			532
Remarks on Articles made of Taranaki Ironsand. By E. M. Smith, M.H.R.			532–533
On the Antiquity of the Moa. By Captain G. Mair			534–535
Note on the Occurrence of the Hedge-sparrow (Accentor modularis) in New Zealand. By Sir W. Buller			535
Note on a White Tern (Gygis alba) from the Kermadec Islands. By Sir W. Buller			535
Exhibit of Pottery and Nails found at Lyall's Bay. By J. Capper			537
On the Blue-necked Crested Shag (Phalacrocorax nycthemerus) from Antipodes Island. By Sir W. Buller			537
Remarks on Blights			539
On Acclimatised Salmon and Trout. By Sir J. Hector			539
Notes on Guano from the Islands. By Sir J. Hector			541
Notes on Supersulphate of Soda. By Sir J. Hector			542
Exhibit of Strelitzia in flower			542
Abstract of Annual Report			542
Election of Officers for 1893			543
On a Curious Property of Odd Numbers. By T. B. Harding communicated by R. C. Harding			544–545
⁠
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Anniversary Address by the President, Professor F. D. Brown			546
Evolutionary Ethics. By the Rev. J. Bates			546, 548
The Aryans in their Primitive Home. By Professor C. A. Pond			547
Exhibition of a New Wave-machine. By Professor Brown			548
On some Peculiarities of the Maori Language. By F. D. Fenton			548
Exhibition of a Model Geyser, designed by Mr. C. Malfroy			549
An Army of Defenders: An Account of Metchnikoff 's Discoveries concerning the Power of Resistance against Disease. By Professor A. P. Thomas			549
New Species of Coleoptera. By Captain T. Broun			549
Abstract of Annual Report			550-551
Election of Officers for 1893			551
⁠
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On Hail. By Professor A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S.			553
On the Equilibrium of Gaseous Cosmic Spheres. By Professor A. W. Bickerton			553
On some Causes for the Low Temperature of Dissociation. By Professor Bickerton			553
On Methods of determining the Rate of Increase of the Attraction of Molecules in Terms of their Diameter. By Professor Bickerton			553
On the Specific Heat of Solutions at Constant Volume. By Professor Bickerton			553
Notes on the Earthquakes of 1891–92. By G. Hogben, M.A.			554
Abstract of Annual Report			554
Election of Officers for 1893			554
⁠
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
A Page of Latter-day Literature. By Dr. Belcher			558
Additional Note on the Presence of a Crest of Feathers in some Kinds of Moa			559
On a Genus of Boragineæ new to New Zealand. By D. Pelin, M.A., F.L.S.			559
On the Volatilisation of Silver. By D. Wilkinson			559
On Recent Researches in Easter Island. By A. Hamilton			559–560
Further Notes on Greenstone. By F. Chapman			560
On the Early History of New Zealand. By Dr. T. M. Hocken			560
On Aluminium and its Uses. By D. Wilkinson			560
Abstract of Annual Report			560–561
Election of Officers for 1893			561
Address on Politics. By the President, C. W. Adams			561
⁠
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report and Balance-sheet			629
Election of Officers for 1893			629
⁠
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
On Microbes: Inaugural Address by the Vice-president, Dr. Moore			563
Science in Cricket. By Neil Heath			563
Numismatics. By Mr. Lund			563
Account of the Waitomo Caves. By T. Humphries			563
On Metre in Poetry. By Dr. Innes			563
On Submarine Telegraphy. By Mr. Cook			563
On Weight. By Dr. Lucas			564
On Coins. By Mr. Lund			564
On a Radiant Phenomenon. By the Rev. W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S.			564
On the Power of Attraction on the Earth's Surface. By Mr. Lessong			564
On the Native Dog of New Zealand. By Taylor White			564
On the Maori Dog and the Dog Philological. By Taylor White			564
Was the Original Dog of the Aryans of a White Colour? By Taylor White			565
On Submarine Telegraph Cables. By Charles J. Cooke			565
Abstract of Annual Report			565
⁠
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Election of President			566
Resolution regarding resignation of the late President, Bishop Suter			566
Exhibits described			566
List of presentations			567
Criticism on Mr. E. Tregear's Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary. (Part I.) By A. S. Atkinson			567
On Islam. By the Rev. W. St. Clair Tisdall			567
Criticism on Mr. E. Tregear's Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary. (Part II.) By A. S. Atkinson			567
Abstract of Annual Report			567
Election of Officers for 1893			567–568
Criticism on Mr. E. Tregear's Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary. (Part III.) By A. S. Atkinson			568
⁠
APPENDIX.
Meteorological Statistics for 1892			571
Notes on the Weather for 1892			572
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1892			573
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute			574
Ordinary Members of the New Zealand Institute			575–583
Institutions and Individuals to whom this Volume is presented			584–588
Alphabetical Index			589–592
Contents			v.–x.
List of Plates			xi.–xii.
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			xiii.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xiii.–xv.
Roll of Incorporated Societies			xvi.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules			xvi.–xix.

LIST OF PLATES.

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	Author		TO FACE PAGE
I.	Parker.—Mesopteryx	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	4
II.	{{{1}}}„ Dinornis torosus
III.	{{{1}}}„ Anomalopteryx didiformis
IV.	Hutton.—Anomalopteryx antigua		16
V.	Buller.—Heteralocha acutirostris		56
VI.	{{{1}}}„ Apteryx bulleri		64
VII.	Hamilton.—Plan of Castle Rocks Cave		68
VIIa.	{{{1}}}„ Diagrams of Bones of Anas finschii	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	96
VIIb.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„⁠Apteryx australis
VIIc.	{{{1}}}„ Harpagornis
VIId.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
VIII.	{{{1}}}„ Diagrams of Bones of Apteryx australis
VIIIa.	Williams.—Orthagoriscus mola		110
IX.	Hudson.—Betyla fulva		164
X.	Stock.—Floscularia coronetta		192
XI.	Maskell.—Coccids		208
XII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	216
XIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XIV.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	224
XV.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XVI.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XVII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	240
XVIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XIX.	Kirk.—New Zealand Fuchsias		264
XX.	Petrie.—New Zealand Plants		272
XXI.	Brown.—New Zealand Mosses	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	280
XXII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXIV.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXV.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXVI.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXVII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXVIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXIX.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXX.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXI.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	284
XXXIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXIV.	Beckett.—New Zealand Mosses	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	296
XXXV.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXVI.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXVII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXVIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XXXIX.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XL.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XLI.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XLII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XLIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XLIV.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
XLV.	Hill.—Section of Artesian Well at Wanganui		348
XLVI.	Hogben.—Diagram of Earthquake of 4th Dec, 1891		364
XLVII.	Speight.—Sections of Olivine-andesite		368
XLVIII.	Withy.—Diagrams of Systems of Sanitation and Ventilation	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	472
XLIX.	{{{1}}}„ Ditto
L.	Schaw.—Diagrams of Rainbows	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	456
LI.	{{{1}}}„⁠{{{1}}}„
LII.	Hamilton.—Maori Combs and Mats	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	468
LIII.	{{{1}}}„⁠ Bone Pendants
LIV.	Kingsley.—Maori Implements		494
LV.	Morrison.—Maori Music		516

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