Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 32

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TRANSACTIONS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE


TRANSACTIONS


AND


PROCEEDINGS


OF THE


NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,


1899


VOL. XXXII.

(Fifteenth of New Series)


EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE


By

SIR JAMES HECTOR, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S.

Director


Issued June, 1900


WELLINGTON

JOHN MACKAY, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., PATERNOSTER HOUSE,
CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON


CONTENTS.




TRANSACTIONS.




I.—Zoology.
PAGES.
Art. I. Zoological Results of Trawling Trials off the Coast of Otago. By Professor W. B. Benham, D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S. 1–3
II. Note on Cordyceps sinclairii, Berkeley. By Professor Benham 4–8
III. Note on the Occurrence of the Genus Balanoglossus in New Zealand Waters. By Professor Benham 9–10
IV. Notes on Macro-lepidoptera observed during the Summer of 1898–99. By G. V. Hudson, F.E.S. 10–12
V. Note on the Fresh-water Crayfishes of New Zealand. By Charles Chilton, M.A., D.Sc, M.B., CM., F.L.S., Research Fellow, University of Edinburgh 13–17
VI. Description of a New Species of Halictus (Andrenidæ), from Christchurch, New Zealand. By P. Cameron. Communicated by Captain Hutton 17–19
VII. Notes on some New Zealand Orthoptera. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. 19–21
VIII. Note on Paryphanta lignaria. By Captain F. W. Hutton 22
IX. On the Tipulidæ, or Crane-flies, of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton 22–51
X. On Hereditary Knowledge. By Richard Henry. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 51–52
XI. On the Probable Origin of Notornis mantelli, and its Extinction in New Zealand. By Richard Henry. Communicated by Sir J. Hector 53–54
XII. On Tuberculosis in Pheasants in Wanganui. By S. H. Drew, F.L.S. 54–56
XIII. Crossing with the Muscovy Duck. By Coleman Phillips 56
II.—Botany.
XIV. Revised List of New Zealand Seaweeds: Part I. By Robert M. Laing, B.Sc. 57–70
XV. On New Lichens from Australia and New Zealand. By James Stirton, M.D., F.L.S,, &c. Communicated by T. W. Naylor Beckett, F.L.S. 70–82
XVI. An Inquiry into the Seedling Forms of New Zealand Phanerogams and their Development. By L. Cockayne 83–94
XVII. A Sketch of the Plant Geography of the Waimakariri River Basin, considered chiefly from an Geological Point of View. By L. Cockayne 95–136
XVIII. Notes on the New Zealand Musci. By Robert Brown 137–148
XIX. Notes on the New Zealand Musci: On a Proposed New Genus. By Robert Brown 148–149
XX. On the Vegetative Organs of Haastia pulvinaris. By Miss E. Low, B.A. Communicated by Professor A. Dendy, D.Sc. 150–157
Corrigenda in Art. XX. on separate slip, to face page 157
III.—Geology.
XXI. The Geological History of New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.R.S. 159–183
XXII. On the Geology of the District between Napier and Puketitiri. By H. Hill, F.G.S. 183–188
XXIII. On the Volcanoes of the Pacific. By Coleman Phillips 188–212
XXIV. Castle Rock, Coromandel. By J. M. Maclaren 213–215
XXV. Description of some New Species of Pliocene Mollusca from the Wanganui District, with Notes on other Described Species. By R. Murdoch 216–221
XXVI. On the Nelson Boulder Bank. By W. F. Worley 221–225
IV.—Chemistry.
XXVII. The Composition of the Soil of the Taupo Plains, and its Suitability for the Growth of Grasses. By J. A. Pond, F.C.S., and J. S. Maclaurin, D.Sc, F.C.S. 227–241
XXVIII. On the Percentage of Chlorine in Lake Takapuna. By J. A. Pond 241–242
V.—Miscellaneous.
XXIX. The Animal Mind as a Factor in Organic Evolution. By Charles W. Purnell 243–252
XXX. The Tohunga-Maori: A Sketch. By S. Percy Smith 253–270
XXXI. Further Notes on Maori Skeletons and Relics brought to Light at Karaka Bay, Wellington. By H. N. McLeod 271
XXXII. Inherited Instincts and Anecdotes of Domestic Animals. By Taylor White 272–284
XXXIII. Maori Spirals and Sun-worship. By Edward Tregear 284–293
XXXIV. Maori Origins. By Elsdon Best 294–298
XXXV. A Name for a Spider. By Edward Tregear 298–304
XXXVI. Of a Radiant Phenomenon: "In hoc signo vinces." A Fragment left by the late W. Colenso, F.R.S., F.L.S. 305–309
XXXVII. Memorabilia, Ancient and Modern; being Remarks and Information respecting some of the Tin-mines in Cornwall, England. A Fragment left by the late W. Colenso 309–324
XXXVIII. On Telegraph Cables. By C. J. Cooke 324–339
XXXIX. Have we the Remains of a Swimming Swan-like Moa? By Taylor White 339–344
XL. Moa and Toa—the Bird and the Tree. By Taylor White 344–347
XLI. About the Native Names for Places. By Taylor White 347–352
XLII. The Ceremony of Rahui: Part II. By Taylor White 352–362
XLIII. The Fleeing Maru-iwi walk over Glenshea Cliff at Night. By Taylor White 363–367
XLIV. Browning's Vision of Life. By E. A. Mackechnie 368–376
XLV. A Poet's Socialism. By E. A. Mackechnie 377–383
XLVI. Problems of Arctic Exploration bearing upon Recent Attempts to reach the North Pole. By H. Hill, B.A., F.G.S. 384–396
XLVII. Are they Old Kumara-pits? By Taylor White 396–397
XLVIII. A Maori Stronghold. By Taylor White 397–398
XLIX. A Maori Earthwork Fortification. By Taylor White 398–399
L. Relics of the First New Zealand Press. By R. Coupland Harding 400–404
Zoologycontinued.
LI. On a New Species of Ophiuroidea. By H. Farquhar 405–406
LII. A Hunting Spider. By Taylor White 406–407
LIII. Arachnids: the Small Pond in the Forest. By Taylor White 408–409

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Thirty-first Annual Report 413–414
Accounts for 1898–99 415

PROCEEDINGS.

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Notice of Death of Mr. F. E. Clarke 419
Additions to the Museum 420
A Canary-coloured Kakapo 420
New Zealand Moths and Butterflies. By G. V. Hudson 420
Description of Milne's Earthquake Recorder. By Sir J. Hector 422
Remarks on Spider-crabs. By Sir J. Hector 423
Remarks on the New Zealand Crow. By Sir J. Hector 423–424
Remarks on Architeuthis verrilla. By Sir J. Hector 424
Remarks on the Shining Cuckoo. By Sir J. Hector 424
Abstract of Annual Report 425
Election of Officers for 1900 425
Explorations in Te Anau District. By A. C. Gifford 425–426
Notes on Virginian Quail imported by the Acclimatisation Society. By Sir J. Hector 426–427
On Cobweb-covered Head gear from New Hebrides. By E. Tregear 427
On a Chatham Island Ownership Log 427
On Centipedes collected from Bananas 427
On New Zealand Freshwater Crayfish 427
Presentation to the Museum of Relics of the First New Zealand Press 428
AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
On Capital and Modern Progress. By J. Batger 429
On the Electric Spark. By Professor F. D. Brown 429
On Water supply and Disease-germs. By Dr. R. H. Makgill 429
On Ruapehu and its Neighbourhood. By P. Marshall, F.G.S 429
On the Coming Star Showers. By Professor H. W. Segar 430
On "The Novel." By Professor C. W. Egerton 430
Some Experiments in Radiant Heat. By E. V. Miller 430
On Rarotonga: its Scenery, Vegetation, and Native Inhabitants. By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. 430
Abstract of Annual Report 431–432
Election of Officers for 1900 432
PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On the Life-history of Words. By Professor Arnold Wall 433
Description of a Trephined Maori Skull. By Captain Hutton, F.R.S. 433
On Wireless Telegraphy. By J. S. S. Cooper 433
Exhibit of Flowers of Garrya elliptica, by R. Nairn 434
Resolution regarding Death of Mr. R. W. Fereday 434
On Damage to Forest Trees by the Drought of 1897–98. By T. W. Adams 434
On some Recent Developments in Mechanical Engineering. By J. L. Scott 434
On a New Form of Ether Saturator. By Dr. Evans 434
Exhibit of Clematis attacked by Fungus, by Professor Dendy 435
Abstract of Annual Report 435
Election of Officers for 1900 436
On some Little-known Country in the Waimakariri District. By L. Cockayne 436
Exhibit of Flowering Anigozanthus from Swan River, by R. Nairn 436
On the Formation of Starch by Green Plants in Sunlight. By Professor Dendy 436
On Peripatus viridimaculatus, n.s. By Professor Dendy 436
OTAGO INSTITUTE.
List of Exhibits 437
Notornis exhibited, by Professor Benham 437
On the Ultimate Vital Unit. By Professor Benham 437
Notice of Death of Mr. A. E. Purdie 438
Notice of Discovery of Complete Moa Egg. By F. R. Chapman 438
On the Edge-Partington Album of Polynesian Ethnology. By A. Hamilton 438
Exhibit of Hypertrophied Incisor Teeth of Rabbit, by C. Smith 438
On the Anatomy and Egg of a Stick Insect. By Professor Benham 488
On Jane Austen. By Miss Marchant 438
On Witchcraft in Fiji. By Mr. Carew 438
Remarks on Te Puohu's Raid. By F. R. Chapman 439
On a Curious Pendant Ornament. By A. Hamilton 439
On Maori Fish-hooks. By A. Hamilton 439
Notes on New Species of Marine Algæ. By Crosby Smith 439
On a Tasmanian Rock resembling Leucite Syenite Porphyry. By Professor Ulrich 439
Abstract of Annual Report 440–441
Election of Officers for 1900 441
On Federation. By F. R. Chapman 441
HAWKE'S BAY PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE.
On the Sun and the Moon, with a Descriptive Account of the late Total Eclipse of the Sun. By the President 442
On Hawke's Bay Fisheries. By W. Dinwiddie 442
On Exploration. By J. Caughley 442
On the Evidences of Darwinism. By W. Dinwiddie 442
On Evolution. By H. Hill 442
On Development by Creation as opposed to Development by Evolution. By the President 443
On Flowers in relation to Insects. By T. C. Moore, M.D. 443
Round the South Sea Islands. By Dr. Milne-Thomson 443
Abstract of Annual Report 443–444
Election of Officers for 1900 444
WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Abstract of Annual Report 445
Election of Officers for 1900 445
NELSON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Notes on the Instruments used in the Magnetic Survey of the New Zealand Coasts. By C. Coleridge Farr, B.Sc. 446
Abstract of Annual Report 447
Election of Officers for 1900 447

APPENDIX.

Meteorology of New Zealand—
Comparative Abstract for 1899 and Previous Years 451
Average Temperature of Seasons compared with those of the Previous Year 451
Remarks on the Weather during 1899 452
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1899 453
New Zealand Institute, Honorary Members 454
New Zealand Institute, Ordinary Members 455–462
List of Institutions and Persons to whom this Volume is presented by the Governors of the New Zealand Institute 463–467
Index 468–473

Contents v.–x.
List of Plates xi.
Board of Governors and Officers of the New Zealand Institute xiii.
Abstract of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute xiii.–xv.
Roll of Incorporated Societies xvi.
Officers of Incorporated Societies, and Extracts from the Rules xvi.–xix.




LIST OF PLATES.

Note.—These are placed together at the end of the volume.


Plate To
illustrate
Article
I. Benham.—Cordyceps sinclairii II.
II. Hutton.Paryphanta lignaria VIII.
III. {{{1}}}Tipulidæ IX.
IV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} IX.
V. Laing.—New Zealand Seaweeds XIV.
VI. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XIV.
VII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XIV.
VIII. Cockayne.—Seedlings of New Zealand Plants XVI.
IX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XVI.
X. {{{1}}}A Subalpine Meadow XVII.
XI. {{{1}}}Raoulia eximia XVII.
XII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XVII.
XIII. {{{1}}}Terrace of River Waimakariri XVII.
XIV. Brown.Bartramia robustifolia XVIII.
XV. {{{1}}}Bartramia hapuka XVIII.
XVI. {{{1}}}Stirtonia mackayi XIX.
XVII. Low.Haastia pulvinaris XX.
XVIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XX.
XIX. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XX.
XIX.a {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XX.
XX. Murdoch.—Pliocene Mollusca XXV.
XXI. Worley.—Nelson Boulder Bank XXVI.
XXII. Tregear.—Maori Spirals XXXIII.
XXIII. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XXXIII.
XXIV. {{{1}}}{{{1}}} XXXIII.
XXV. Harding.—Relics of the Old Mission Press: The Pair of Maori Type-cases L.
XXVI. Hutton.—Trephined Maori Skull Proceedings
at page 433.