User:Hal Bregg II/Neologisms of Return from the Stars
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This table is a juxtaposition of the Polish (original) and English (translated) sets of neologisms excerpted from Return from the Stars, a science-fiction novel by Stanisław Lem.
The table comprises a part of a project discussing Lem's neologisms.
The table's abbreviations:
ST = Source Text; SL - Source Language; TT = Target Text; TL = Target Language.
Ref. | ST neologism | Page | SL's morphological process | Meaning | TT rendition | Page | TL's morphological process | Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | selenofor | 5 | blending; selen + luminofor | a type of lamp | selenium light | 3 | phrasal words | descriptive equivalent |
2. | prum | 8 | coinage “out of the blue” | a drink | prum | 6 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
3. | extran | 8 | coinage | a drink | extran | 6 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
4. | morr | 8 | coinage | a drink | morr | 6 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
5. | cydr | 8 | coinage and a wordplay; compare cedr | a drink | cider | 6 | conversion | functional equivalent, the name of an actual drink used |
6. | polidukt | 13 | compound: poli+dukt | a type of road | polyduct | 10 | compound: morpheme poly+ duct | borrowing with transliteration |
7. | dublować | 13 | conversion | to retake a missed projectile | backtrack | 10 | conversion | recognized equivalent |
8. | rast | 13 | coinage | a type of projectile | rast | 10 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
9. | DUKT CENTR | 13 | perhaps abbreviation | a part of a communication terminal | DUCT CENTR | 10 | borrowing | borrowing with transliteration |
10. | styk | 13 | conversion | a slot to commute through | switch | 10 | conversion | recognized equivalent + conversion |
11. | wuka | 15 | abbreviation | the abbreviation of “the inner circle” (wewnętrzny krąg) | vuk | 12 | borrowing with transliteration | traces of misformation; the pronunciation of the Polish neolog is retained; though the meaning of the abbreviation is lost |
12. | transtel | 18 | blending: trans + telewizja | a type of television | transtel | 14 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
13. | styk | 19 | conversion | a slot to commute through | change | 15 | conversion | the TT’s lack of cohesion, two various translations for the same term |
14. | infor | 21 | clipping, comp. information | an interactive information panel | infor | 17 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
15. | tridukt | 22 | compound; tri+dukt | a type of road | triduct | 18 | borrowing with transliteration | nearly literal translation, borrowing |
16. | eskal | 22 | clipping; comp. eskalator | a type of elevator | escal | 19 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
17. | pława | 23 | conversion | a type of drink | raft | 19 | conversion | recognized equivalent |
18. | kol | 24 | perhaps clipping; comp. kolega | a way of addressing a man; comp. dude, bro | col | 20 | borrowing with transliteration | coinage, borrowing, though the sense of Polish kolega – dude, pal is lost |
19. | wziąć się | 25 | conversion | to date a random man; to go home with him | to take off | 20 | conversion | recognized equivalent |
20. | bons | 26 | coinage | a certain express meal | bons | 22 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
21. | wziąć się | 28 | as above | as above | to go | 23 | conversion | the same term translated twice in two different ways; lack of cohesion |
22. | glider | 28 | coinage, perhaps an Anglicism; comp. to glide, glider | a wheel-less, windowless, driverless car of the future | gleeder | 23 | borrowing buttressed with cautious transliteration | borrowing with an element of coinage, to avoid glider which already exists |
23. | kals | 30 | coinage | a type of flirt | cals | 26 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
24. | orka | 30 | conversion | a leisure | orka | 26 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
25. | bryt | 32 | coinage, perhaps a wordplay | a drink that deletes the erotic mood, the “rejected suitor” drink | brit | 27 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
26. | Kawuta | 33 | perhaps abbreviation, though the plot does not reveal its source words | a university of arts | Cavuta | 27 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
27. | plastować | 33 | a coinage, comp. plastyk, plastelina | to create clothes by means of spraying fabrics directly at the customer | to plast | 27 | coinage | the core of the verb is borrowed |
28. | real | 36 | conversion | a virtual reality theatre | real | 31 | conversion | exact borrowing |
29. | mut | 37 | coinage | a virtual reality tourism | moot | 31 | conversion | recognized equivalent with similar pronunciation |
30. | betryzacja | 41 | coinage | the pharmacological muzzle that erases all the aggression (and inclination for taking any risk) out of a man; the society-forming issue pivotal for the entire plot of the novel– everyone is betrizated at birth; for Lem’s comment on betrization cf. 2.4. | betrization | 35 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
31. | sap | 48 | conversion; a verb, comp. sapać | a humoristic, poking, perhaps disturbing expression | sap | 42 | borrowing with transliteration | an exact borrowing at the expense of the meaning: grunt, gasp, grumble |
32. | czyst | 57 | clipping, comp. czystość, czysty | a machine that washes (or dry cleans) clothes | laundry | 50 | - | recognized equivalent |
33. | Żekos | 59 | acronym: Żegluga Kosmiczna | Cosmic Navigation | Cosnav | 51 | acronym: Cosmic Navigation | acronym based on literal translation |
34. | kalster | 59 | coinage | a device similar to credit card | calster | 52 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
35. | igłowiec | 62 | blending; comp. igła+wieżowiec | a tall skyscraper | spire | 54 | conversion | recognized equivalent with the meaning slightly converted |
36. | kress | 64 | coinage | a type of meal of an unspecified nature | kress | 56 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
37. | ozot | 64 | coinage | an unspecified meal; though it suits coffee | ozote | 56 | borrowing with transliteration | literal translation with a slight spelling shift |
38. | herma | 64 | coinage | a type of meal of an unspecified nature | herma | 56 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
39. | ity | 66 | coinage | a currency of a future | ets | 58 | borrowing with thorough transliteration | borrowing devised so that its pronunciation corresponds closely with the ST’s neologism |
40. | ulder | 67 | coinage | a fraught aircraft, resembling a zeppelin | ulder | 58 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
41. | realista | 80 | conversion | a performer that acts in realon | realist | 71 | conversion | recognized equivalent of a shifted sense |
42. | opton | 88 | coinage; comp. optyka | an electronical book reader with “only one page between the covers”, comp. Kindle | opton | 79 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
43. | lekton | 88 | coinage; comp. lektura | a device that reads a book aloud, comp. audiobook | lecton | 79 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
44. | parastatyka | 97 | blending; para+statyka | a science that tames and harnesses the gravity | parastatics | 87 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowng |
45. | grawitologia | 97 | affixation, clipping: grawitacja + logia | a branch of science related to the gravity | gravitology | 87 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
46. | blar | 116 | coinage | an illegal drink that temporarily suspends the effects of betrization | blar | 104 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
47. | perto | 118 | coinage | yet another liquid that hinders betrization | perto | 106 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
48. | psychopeda | 121 | blending: perhaps psycholog+ortopeda | a profession | psychopedist | 109 | borrowing with transliteration and an recognized suffix (comp. psychologist) | borrowing |
49. | czarna skrzynka | 137 | conversion | a device, mounted in every projectile, which accumulates in itself all the kinetic energy of a crash, thus it annuls all the material results of the impact | black box | 123 | conversion | recognized equivalent with an altered meaning |
50. | teletaksja | 141 | coinage: comp. tele, taxi | a theory speculating on the possibility of travels faster than the speed of light | teletaxis | 127 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
51. | realon | 155 | coinage | a virtual reality theatre | realon | 139 | borrowing | exact borrowing |
52. | hipnagog | 170 | blending; comp. hipnoza, pedagog | an apparatus of subthreshold influence that teaches one while he sleeps | hypnagog | 153 | borrowing with transliteration | borrowing |
53. | mesk | 207 | coinage | a quasi-marriage, quasi-separation, a “trial period” relationship | mesk | 189 | exact borrowing | exact borrowing |
Sources
[edit]Lem, Stanisław [1961] (1985) Powrót z gwiazd. Kraków – Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
Lem, Stanisław [1961] Powrót z gwiazd. English translation (1980) by Barbara Marszal and Frank Simpson, Return from the stars. San Diego. New York. London: A Harvest/HBJ Book. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.