The Hebrew Gospel, titled the Gospel of Christ, but more commonly referred to as Matthaei Authenticum, or the Authentic Gospel of Matthew, is a lost gospel preserved within the Paralipomena. This primary source document was a collection of sayings circulated among the Ebionites, the Nazarenes, the Hebrews, etc. Mythicists have long argued that no such work ever existed. However the discovery of Hebrew Gospel fragments has forced historians to reevaluate the scholarship in this area.
Scholars do agree that the Gospels found in the New Testament were all composed in Koine Greek. However, some now argue that a primitive Hebrew work lay behind the Canonical Gospels. The Hebrew Gospel is the subject of heated scholarly debate, for academics “have long disagreed over the most basic issues” [1]
The material in the chart is from the Gospel Parallels by B. H. Throckmorton, The five Gospels by R. W. Funk, Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching by Maurice Casey, 2010, The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition by J. R. Edwards. [2]
There is increasing consensus among 21st Century scholars that there was a Hebrew gospel behind the Canonical Gospels. There is continued debate as to whether this Semitic Saying Source was written in Aramaic, Hebrew or a combination of the two.
Although there is considerable evidence that the Hebrew Gospel was in wide circulation in the Early Church there is little consensus on how and to what degree it was used in later Gospels. On one extreme there are scholars who believe it served as the fountainhead or original source of almost all the subsequent gospels. Other scholars contest this position. There is no scholarly consensus. [47][48]
A papyrus fragment from Oxyrhynchus Paralipomena, written in the second century AD. The holes have been caused by worms.[49]
The Hebrew Gospel(s) was in wide circulation until the time of Jerome, then it was lost. However the remains have been preserved in the form of extracts, sayings, fragments, quotations, excerpts, etc. They form a body of Hebrew Paralipomena which is currently the subject of scholarly debate. [50]
Rabban Gamaliel (Date of Birth is unknown but scholars agree he was a contemporary of Jesus) Let us turn to the end of the Gospel, where it is written "I came not to take away from the Law of Moses, nor to add to the Law of Moses." [51][52][53][54]
Ignatius (b. 43 A.D.) I know and believe that after His resurrection He lived in the flesh, for when He came to those disciples with Peter, Jesus said, “Take hold of me, handle me, and see that I am not a bodiless demon." And immediately they touched Him and believed. [55][56][57][58][59]
Papias (b. 63 A.D.) Matthew wrote down the oral teachings of Jesus (logia) in a Hebrew dialect (en Hebraidi dialecto), and everyone translated (hermeneusen) them to the best of their ability." [60][61][62][63][64]
Pantaenus the Philosopher Pantaenus went to India where the Christian community had collected Matthew's writings. Indeed, Bartholomew, one of the Apostles, had preached to Indian people, and left them Matthew's Gospel in Hebrew script, which they had preserved. After many good deeds, Pantaenus finally became the head of the School in Alexandria, and expounded the treasures of divine doctrine both orally and in writing. [65][66][67][68]
Justin (b. 100 A.D.) SEE the Paralipomena according to Justin MartyrBELOW.
Hegesippus (b. 110 A.D.) He (Hegesippus) mentions also some things from the Syriac (Aramaic) Gospel of the Hebrews concerning a Hebrew dialect, by which he evidences that he was converted from Judaism to Christianity. [69][70][71][72]
Irenaeus (b. 114 A.D.) Matthew composed a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome and laying the foundations of the Church.[73][74][75][76]
Irenaeus Those who are called Ebionites accept that God made the world. However their opinions with respect to the Lord are quite similar to those of Cerinthus and Carpocrates. They use only Matthew's gospel, and reject the Apostle Paul, calling him an apostate from the Law.. [77][78][79][80]
Irenaeus For the Ebionites, who use only Matthew's gospel, are convicted out of that very book as not holding right views about the Lord. [81][82][83][84]
The Translator Symmachus As to these translators it should be stated that Symmachus was an Ebionite. But the heresy of the Ebionites, as it is called, asserts that Christ was the son of Joseph and Mary, considering him a mere man, and insists strongly on keeping the law in a Jewish manner, as we have seen already in this history. Commentaries of Symmachus are still extant in which he appears to support the doctrine laid down using Matthew's Gospel. [85][86][87][88][89][90]
Clement of Alexandria (b. 150 A.D.) As it is also written in the Gospel of the Hebrews, “He that is amazed will prevail, and he that prevails shall rest in peace.”[91][92][93][94]
Clement of Alexandria Matthew the Apostle constantly said, that "If the neighbour of an elect man sins, the elect man has sinned. For had he conducted himself as the Word prescribes, his neighbour also would have been filled with such reverence for the life he led as not to sin. [95][96][97][98]
Hippolytus (b 170 A.D.) Bartholomew, again, preached to the people of India, to whom he also gave a copy of Matthew's Gospel. [99][100][101][102]
Hippolytus Matthew, having composed a Gospel in Hebrew script, published it in Jerusalem, and slept in Hierae of Parthia. [103][104][105][106]
Origen (b. 185 A.D.) The first Gospel was composed by Matthew, who was once a tax collector, but afterwards an Apostle of Jesus Christ, and it was prepared for the converts from Judaism, and published in Hebrew script. [107][108][109][110]
Origen And if any should lend credence to the Gospel according to the Hebrews, where the Saviour Himself says: " My mother, the Holy Spirit, took me by one of my hairs and carried me off to the great Mount Tabor," There is the difficulity of explaining how the Holy Spirit can be the mother of Christ. However, this is not difficult to explain, for if “whoever does the will of the Father in Heaven is brother and sister and mother”, and if the name “brother of Christ” applies not only to men, but also to beings of more divine rank, there is nothing wrong in the Holy Spirit being his mother, when anyone who does the will of the Father in Heaven is called “mother of Christ”. [111][112][113][114]
Origen It is written in that Gospel which is styled, According to the Hebrews: The second rich youth said to him, “Rabbi, what good thing can I do and live?” Jesus replied, “Fulfill the law and the prophets.” “I have,” was the response. Jesus said, “Go, sell all that you have and distribute to the poor; and come, follow me.” But the rich man began to scratch his head, for it did not please him. And the Lord said, “How can you say, I have fulfilled the law and the prophets, when it is written in the law: You shall love your neighbor as yourself and many of your brothers, sons of Abraham, are covered with filth, dying of hunger, and your house is full of many good things, none of which goes out to them?” And he turned and said to Simon, his disciple, who was sitting by Him, “Simon, son of Jonah, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for the rich to enter the Kingdom of Heaven.”[115][116][117][118]
Ephem the Syrian Matthew wrote his Gospel in Hebrew script. [119][120][121][122]
Eusebius (b. 260 A.D.) They (the Apostles) were led to write only under the pressure of necessity. Matthew, who had at first preached to the Hebrews, when he was about to go to other nations, committed the Gospel according to himself to writing in his native dialect. Therefore he supplied the written word to make up for the lack of his own presence to those from whom he was sent. [123][124][125][126]
Eusebius (Catalogs of the Early Church) In his catalog of Church writings he lists the Gospel of the Hebrews, “… which some reject, but which others class with the accepted books. And among these some have also placed the Gospel of the Hebrews, with which those Hebrews who accept Christ are especially delighted. All these may be reckoned among the disputed books (as opposed to 'accepted' or 'spurious' books). [127][128][129][130]
Eusebius The [Ebionites] imagine that they must reject all Epistles of Paul, since they call him an apostate from the Law and they used only the Gospel called the Gospel of the Hebrews. [131][132][133][134]
Eusebius Christ himself taught the reason for the divisions of souls that come to pass in houses, as we have found in the Gospel among the Jews in Hebrew script, in which He said, “I will choose for myself the best which my Father in Heaven has given me.” [135][136][137][138]
Eusebius But the Gospel composed in Hebrew script which has reached our hands turns the threat not against the man who had hid the money, but against him who has lived dissolutely – for it told of three: one wasted his master’s possessions with harlots and flute-girls, one multiplied his gains, and one hid the talent. Accordingly, one was accepted, one was only rebuked, and one was cast into prison.[139][140][141][142]
Didymus the Blind (b. 313 A.D.) There are many people with two names. Scripture calls Matthew “Levi” in the Gospel of Luke, but they are not the same person. Rather Matthias who replaced Judas, and Levi are the same man with a double name. This is obvious in the Gospel of the Hebrews. [143][144][145][146]
Epiphanius (b. 315 C.E. - Bishop of Salamis) The Nazarenes have Matthew's gospel complete in Hebrew. They have this preserved gospel as it was first written in Hebrew script. [147][148][149][150]
Epiphanius They only accept Matthew's gospel, and like the followers of Cerinthus and Merinthus, they use it alone. They call it the Gospel of the Hebrews, for in truth Matthew alone in the New Testament expounded and declared the Gospel in Hebrew script.[151][152][153][154]
Epiphanius ...and Matthew's Gospel was actually composed in Hebrew script. [155][156][157][158]
Epiphanius Their Gospel commences as follows: “In the days of King Herod of Judea, a certain man named John came baptizing with a baptism of repentance in the river Jordan. He was said to be of the family of Aaron, the priest, son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, and all went out to him... And it came to pass when John baptized, that the Pharisees came to him and were baptized, and all Jerusalem also. He had a garment of camels' hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins. And his meat was wild honey, which tasted like manna, formed like cakes of oil” [159][160][161][162]
Epiphanius ...which they call the Hebrew Gospel is written the following, “There was a certain man named Jesus, about thirty years old, who chose us. He came to Capernaum and entered the house of Simon, surnamed Peter, and said, ‘As I passed by the Sea of Galilee, I chose John and James, sons of Zebedee, and Simon, and Andrew, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, Judas Iscariot; and you Matthew, sitting at the tax office, I called and you followed me. You therefore, I want to be the Twelve Apostles, to symbolize and be a testimony unto Israel.’” [163][164][165][166]
Epiphanius And after many other words, this Gospel continues, “After the people were baptized, Jesus also came and was baptized by John. And as Jesus came up from the water, Heaven was opened, and He saw the Holy Spirit descend in the form of a dove and enter into Him. And a voice from Heaven said, ‘You are my beloved Son; with You I am well pleased.’ And again, ‘Today I have begotten You.’ Immediately a great light shone around the place; and John, seeing it, said to Him, ‘Who are you, Lord? And again a voice from Heaven said, ‘This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.’ Then John, falling down before Him, said, ‘I beseech You, Lord, baptize me!’ But He forbade him saying, ‘Let it be so; for thus it is fitting that all things be fulfilled.’”[167][168][169][170][171][172]
Epiphanius They also deny that He is a man, basing their assertion on the word which the Savior spoke when it was announced to Him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside.” “Who are My mother and brothers?” And stretching out His hand toward his disciples He continued, “These who do the will of My Father are my brothers and sisters.”[173][174][175][176]
Epiphanius The disciples say, “Where do you wish for us to prepare the Passover feast for you?” And look what they have the Lord say, “I have not desired to eat meat in this Passover with you.”[177]
Epiphanius Jesus came and announced, as it says in the account called the Gospel of the Hebrews, “I have come to destroy sacrifices; and if you do not stop making sacrifices, the wrath of God will not leave you.”[178][179][180][181]
Epiphanius Matthew was the first to become an Evangelist and was directed to compose the first Gospel. [182][183][184][185]
Epiphanius As I said, Matthew was privileged to be the first to compose a Gospel, and this was absolutely right because he had repented of many sins. [186][187][188][189]
Chrysostom Of Matthew, it is reported, that the Jews who believed came to him. They asked him to leave in writing those same things, which he had preached to them orally. Therefore Matthew composed the Gospel in Hebrew script. [194][195][196][197]
Jerome ( b. 345 A.D.) Matthew, also called Levi, who used to be a tax collector and later an apostle, composed the Gospel of Christ, which was first published in Judea in Hebrew script for the sake of those of the circumcision who believed. This Gospel was afterwards translated into Greek (though by what author uncertain). Now this Hebrew original is preserved to this day in the library at Caesarea, which Pamphilus the Martyr so diligently collated. I have also had the opportunity of having this volume transcribed for me by the Nazarenes of Beroea, Syria, who use it. It should be noted that wherever the Evangelist (whether on his own account or in the person of our Lord and Saviour) quotes the testimony of the Old Testament he does not follow the authority of the language of the Septuagint but Hebrew Scriptures, from which he quotes these two sayings: "Out of Egypt have I called my Son" and, "hence he shall be called a Nazarene.” [198][199][200][201][202]
Jerome In the Gospel which the Nazarenes and the Ebionites use which I have recently translated from Hebrew to Greek, and which most people call the authentic Gospel of Matthew, the man who had the withered hand is described as a mason who begged for help in the following words: “I was a stone-mason, earning a living with my hands. I beg you, Jesus, restore my health to me, so that I need not beg for my food in shame.” [203][204][205][206]
Jerome In the Gospel which I have recently translated, he puts forth evidence respecting the person of Christ saying " But I have both seen him in the flesh after the resurrection and believe that it was he and when he came to Peter, and to those who were with Peter, he said to them, ' Behold, touch me and see how I am not a bodiless demon, and straightway they touched him and believed” [207][208][209][210]
Jerome Pantaenus (sent to India by Demetrius, Bishop of Alexandria) found that Bartholomew, one of the Twelve Apostles, had preached the Advent of the Lord Jesus according to Matthew's Gospel composed in Hebrew script, which he brought back to Alexandria. [211][212][213][214]
Jerome The first to compose a gospel was Matthew, the tax collector named Levi who published the Gospel in Judea in Hebrew script, chiefly for the Jews who believed in Jesus. [215][216][217][218]
Jerome "In Bethlehem of Judea." This [Judea] is a clerical error. For I believe that it was first published by the Evangelist [Matthew] as we read in the original Hebrew script. (i. e., Micah V, 1) "Judah," not "Judea". [219][220][221][222]
Jerome Also, the Gospel entitled According to the Hebrews, recently translated by me into Greek and Latin, which Origen often quotes, states, after the Resurrection of the Saviour: “Now the Lord, after he had given His grave clothes to the servant of the priest, appeared to James, for James had taken an oath that he would not eat bread from that hour on which he had drunk the cup of the Lord until he saw Him risen from the dead.” And a little further on the Lord says, “‘bring a table and bread.’” And immediately it is added, “He took bread and blessed and broke and gave it to James the Just and said to him, ‘My brother, eat your bread, for the Son of Man is risen from the dead.’” [223][224][225][226][227]
Jerome In the Gospel of the Hebrews, which was composed in the Syro-Chaldaic dialect (Aramaic) but in Hebrew script, that the Nazarenes make use of at this day, (I mean the Gospel of the Apostles, or, as it is generally maintained, Matthew's gospel, a copy of which is in the library at Caesarea), the following narrative is given: “Behold the mother of the Lord and his brothers said to him, ‘John the Baptist baptizes for the forgiveness of sins. Let us go and be baptized by him.’ But Jesus said to them, ‘in what way have I sinned that I should go and be baptized by him? Unless perhaps, what I have just said is a sin of ignorance.’” And in the same volume, “‘If your brother sins against you in word, and makes amends, receive him seven times a day.’ Simon, His disciple, said to Him, ‘Seven times in a day!’ The Lord answered and said to him, ‘I say unto thee, until seventy times seven.’ ” [228][229][230][231]
Jerome In the Gospel of the Hebrews, for “bread essential to existence,” I found instead of "supersubstantial" bread “Mahar”, which means “of tomorrow”; so the sense is: our bread for tomorrow, that is, of the future, give us this day.[232][233][234][235]
Jerome In the Gospel that the Nazarenes use, for “son of Barachias” we find written “son of Jehoiada.” [236][237][238][239][240]
Jerome In the Gospel called According to the Hebrews, Barabbas is interpreted as “son of their rabbi”, who was condemned for sedition and murder.[241][242][243][244]
Jerome In the Gospel that we have often mentioned, "the very great lintel of the Temple broke and fell into pieces". [245][246][247][248][249]
Jerome In the Hebrew Gospel of Matthew it states, ‘Give us this day our bread for tomorrow.' [250][251][252][253]
Jerome For when the Apostles thought Him to be a spirit, or in the words of the Gospel of the Hebrews, which the Nazarenes read, “A bodiless demon” [254][255][256][257]
Jerome But in the Gospel which is composed in Hebrew script and which the Nazarenes read, the whole fountain of the Holy Spirit descends upon Him, for the Lord is Spirit and where the Spirit resides, there is liberty. Further in the Gospel which we have just mentioned we find the following written: “ And it came to pass, as the Lord ascended from the water, the whole fountain of the Holy Spirit descended upon Him and rested on Him saying, ‘My Son, in all the prophets was I waiting for You that You should come and I might rest in You. For You are My rest. You are My first begotten Son that prevails for eternity.’ ” [258][259][260][261]
Jerome In the Gospel According to the Hebrews that the Nazarenes read, it says, “Even now my mother the Holy Spirit carried me away.” This should upset no one because “spirit” in Hebrew is feminine, while in our language it is masculine and in Greek it is neuter. In divinity there is no gender. [262][263][264][265][266]
Jerome In the Gospel of the Hebrews that the Nazarenes read there belongs among the most serious sins, "He that has grieved the spirit of his brother." [267][268][269][270]
Jerome As we also read in the Hebrew Gospel, the Lord says to his disciples: ”And never be joyful, except when you behold your brother with love.” [271][272][273][274]
Jerome Whoever has read the Song of Songs knows that the Word of God is also the bridegroom of the soul. And whoever accepts the Gospel circulating under the title Gospel of the Hebrews, which we most recently translated, in which it is said by the Saviour, “Even now my mother, the Holy Spirit, carried me away by one of my hairs,” will not hesitate to say that the Word of God proceeds from the Spirit, and that the soul, which is the bride of the Word, has the Holy Spirit (which in Hebrew is feminine in gender, RUA).[275][276][277][278]
Jerome In the Gospel composed in Hebrew script we read not that the curtain of the Temple was torn, but that the astonishingly large lintel of the Temple collapsed.[279][280][281][282]
Pope Damasus (To Jerome) To his most beloved son Jerome: DAMASUS, Bishop, sends greetings in the Lord. The orthodox Greek and Latin versions [of the Gospel of Matthew] put forth not only differing but mutually conflicting explanations of the saying 'Hosanna to the son of David'. I wish you would write...stating the true meaning of what is actually written in the Hebrew text. [283][284][285][286]
Jerome (Reply) “Matthew, who composed his Gospel in Hebrew script, wrote, 'Osanna Barrama', which means 'Hosanna in the Highest.’”[287][288][289][290]
Jerome I will now speak of the New Testament, which was undoubtedly composed in Greek, with the exception of the Apostle Matthew, who was the first in Judea to produce a Gospel of Christ in Hebrew script. We must confess that as we have it in our language, it is marked by discrepancies, and now that the stream is distributed into different channels we must go back to the fountainhead. [291][292][293][294][295]
The Fayum Fragment is perhaps the oldest Gospel fragment known to scholars. Harnack believes that the fragment belongs to the Gospel of the Hebrews a suggestion made before him already by Chiapelli. [296]
Fayum Fragment “Before I must depart, all of you . . . will be offended on this night according to the Scripture : ‘ I will smite the shepherd and the sheep shall be scattered’ ” but Peter said, “Although even all, yet not I,” and Jesus said, “Before the cock crow twice you shall deny me three times. ... “[297][298][299][300][301]
Oxyrhynchus is a city in Upper Egypt, located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo. It is also an archaeological site, considered one of the most important ever discovered. For the past century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been continually excavated, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the time of the Early Church. Under this heading we bring two gospel fragments; the first was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1904; the second in 1908.
Besides these gospel fragments we also bring the Oxyrhynchus Sayings or Logia. These were found in 1897 and 1903. Oxyrhynchus 840, is a single, small vellum parchment leaf with 45 lines of text. It probably dates from before 200, but no more is determinable from this evidence. The fragment begins with a warning to an evildoer who plans ahead, but who does not take the next life into account. There follows sections of a narrative unparalleled in any other known gospel tradition. Jesus is called Savior, which is rare in the New Testament, but not unparalleled. The absence of connections in this piece to special interests within the early Christian community, as well as the presence of both numerous semitisms and an informed view on Temple matters lead naturally to a Hebrew Gospel link.
Further, it is likely that the original document was composed in the First Century, since it shares none of the uncontrolled fantasies about Jesus or the disciples that 2nd and 3rd century apocryphal accounts typically exhibit. Oxyrhynchus 1224 consists of two small papyrus fragments. They contain 12 logia, each about a sentence. Two of the longer ones are parallel to Mark 2:17 and Luke 9:50, but the differences in phrasing show they are textually independent of the Gospels. A precise date for composition is unknown; 50 A.D. is possible and some scholars have argued that the preservation of the Hebrew Gospel in Oxyrhynchus in Middle Egypt evinces the breadth of its dissemination in early Christianity. Oxyrhynchus 654 and other fragments show a link between the Hebrew Gospel and the Gospel of Thomas. (The relationship of the Hebrew Gospel to Thomas becomes more clear when it is understood that that Gospel according to the Hebrews, under various names, such as the Gospel according to Peter, according to the Apostles, the Nazarenes, Ebionites, Egyptians, etc., with modifications certainly, but substantially the same work, was circulated very widely throughout the early Church.) [302][303][304][305][306][307][308][309][310]
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “Do not worry all day or all night about your food, wondering what you will eat, or your clothes, wondering what you will wear. You are worth far more than the lilies that grow but do not spin. If you have one garment, what do you lack? Who can add years to your life? He, Himself will provide you with clothing!”
His disciples said unto Him : " When will you be manifest to us, and when shall we see you?"
He replied "When you shall be stripped and not be ashamed. The key of knowledge you hid; you entered not in yourselves and to them that were entering in you opened not."
Oxy Fragment Jesus said, "The Pharisee plans in advance, before doing wrong, he slyly reasons everything out. Be careful that you do not end up suffering the same fate as them. For the wicked of humanity receive retribution not only among the living, but they will also undergo punishment and much suffering later."
Leading them, he went into the place of purification itself and walked about in the Temple. Then Levi, a High Priest of the Pharisees came toward them and said to the Savior, "Who permitted you to wander in this place of purification and to see these holy vessels, even though you have not bathed and the feet of your disciples are unwashed? And now that you have defiled it, you walk around in this pure area of the Temple where only a man who has bathed and changed his clothes can walk, and even such a person does not dare to look upon these holy vessels."
Standing nearby with his disciples, the Savior replied, "Since you are here in the Temple too, are you clean?"
The Pharisee answered him saying, "I am clean, for I bathed in the Pool of David. I went down into the pool by one set of stairs and came back up by another. Then I dressed in white clothes and they were clean. Only then did I come and look at these holy vessels."
And the Savior said to him, "Woe to you blind guides who cannot see! You have washed in the running waters that dogs and swine are cast into day and night. And when you washed yourself, you scrubbed the outer layer of skin, the layer of skin that whores and flute-girls anoint with oil and wash and wipe and beautify for the lust of men; but within they are full of scorpions and all wickedness. But I and my disciples, who you say have not bathed, have been dipped in the waters of eternal life which come from . . . But woe unto the . . .
Oxy Fragment Jesus continued to teach saying, “Then and only then will you will see more clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.”
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “If you do not fast, you will not find the Kingdom of Heaven. And if you do not remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy, you shall never see your Heavenly Father.”
Oxy Fragment Jesus said: "I stood in the midst of the world, and in the flesh was I seen by the multitudes, and I found them drunken, and found none thirsty among them. My soul grieves over the plight of the sons of men, for their hearts are blind and do not see their poverty."
Oxy Fragment Jesus said: "Wherever there are two, they are not without God's presence; and where there is one only, I say, I am with him."
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “Just as a doctor does not treat his own, neither is a prophet acceptable in his own land.”
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “A city on a hill shall neither fall nor be hidden.”
Oxy Fragment Jesus said: "Thou hearest with one ear but the other thou hast closed."
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “He who seeks will find, he who finds will be surprised. He that is amazed will prevail, and he that prevails shall rest in peace.” (See Above - Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis [Miscellanies] 2.9.45 re the Hebrew Gospel)
Oxy Fragment Jesus said: "Who are they that draw you to the Kingdom? The Kingdom is in Heaven but they that are on Earth and the birds of the heaven and every creature that is under the earth and in Hades and the fishes of the sea, these are they that draw you to it. The Kingdom of Heaven is within you. Only he who knows himself can find it, for if you shall truly know yourselves, you are the sons and daughters of the Father Almighty, and ye shall know yourselves to be in the city of God, and you are the city."
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “A man will not hesitate to inquire boldly about the seasons, prating of the place of glory but you shall hold your peace, for many who are first shall be last, and those who are last shall be first. However, only a few truly find the Kingdom of Heaven.”
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “Everything that is not obvious, indeed all that is hidden from you shall be revealed. In truth, there is nothing closed that will not be revealed, nor is there anything which is buried, which will not be uncovered.”
Oxy Fragment His disciples question Him and said, "How shall we fast? And how shall we pray? And how are we to give alms? And of such duties what are we to observe?" Jesus said, "See that you do not lose your reward. Do nothing save the things that belong to the truth, for if you do these, you shall know a hidden mystery.
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “Pray for those who persecute you.”
Oxy Fragment Jesus taught saying, “He who is against you is for you and he who is far from you will draw near tomorrow.”
Oxy Fragment When the Rabbis and Pharisees and priests saw Him, they were greatly upset, for he reclined with sinners. Overhearing them, Jesus explained, “The healthy have no need of a doctor”.
Arthur Lillie argues that Justin Martyr is quoting from the Hebrew Gospel. Lillie points out that although Justin mentions other books of the Bible by name, he never mentions the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John. Indeed, Justin states that he is citing the "Memoirs of the Apostles," the alternative title for Matthew's Hebrew Gospel. Dr. Gilles goes one step further, arguing that the wording shows that Justin cannot be quoting from the Canonical Gospels but rather a single work, probably Matthew's Hebrew Gospel. This position has been challenged by Nicholson and others. [315][316][317][318]
Justin (b. 100 A.D.) When Jesus went down into the water, fire was kindled above the Jordan, and when He came up from the water, the Holy Spirit came upon Him. "You are my Son: this day I have begotten you" And later the voice spoke to him, saying, “You are My Son, today I have begotten You”. This is recorded in the Memoirs of the Apostles. [319][320][321][322][323]
Justin Be kind and merciful even as your Heavenly Father is merciful. [324][325][326]
Justin And our Lord Jesus Christ said: "In whatsoever things I may find you, in this will I also judge you." [327][328][329]
Justin "To him that strikes you on the one cheek offer also the other, and him that takes away your cloak or coat forbid not. And whosoever shall be angry shall be in danger of the fire. And everyone that makes you go with him a mile, follow him two. And let your good works shine before men, that they, seeing them, may glorify your Father who is in Heaven.[330][331][332]
Justin "I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. For the Heavenly Father desires rather the repentance of the sinner rather than his punishment." [333][334][335]
Justin "Give to him who asks, and from him that would borrow, turn not away. For if you lend to them of whom you hope to receive, what good thing do you do? Even the tax collectors do this. Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust corrupt and where thieves break through, but lay up for yourself treasure in Heaven, where neither moth nor rust corrupts. For what is a man profited if he gains the whole world and lose his own soul? And what shall a man give in exchange for it? Lay up, therefore, treasure in Heaven, where neither moth nor rust corrupts. [336][337][338]
Justin "You shall love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy strength, and thy neighbor as thyself. [339][340][341]
Justin "If you love them that love you, what good thing do you do? For even the sexually immoral do this. But I say to you, pray for your enemies, and love them that hate you, and bless them that curse you, and pray for them that spitefully use you. [342][343][344]
Justin "The New Law wishes you to Sabbatize always. [345][346][347]
Justin "If your right eye offend you, cut it out; for it is better for you to enter the Kingdom of Heaven with one eye than having two eyes to be cast into everlasting fire. [348][349][350]
Justin "He who looks on a woman lustfully commits adultery with her in his heart before God. [351][352][353]
Justin "What he wishes for himself, he wishes also for his neighbor," [354][355][356]
Justin "Many shall come in my name, clothed outwardly in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. And there shall be schisms and heresies." [357][358][359]
Justin "This great wisdom of the Almighty, Maker of All shall be hidden from you. [360][361][362]
Justin "They shall come from the East and from the West and shall sit down with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the Kingdom of Heaven but the Sons of the Kingdom shall be cast out into the outer darkness. [363][364][365]
Justin "Not everyone who says to me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven, but he that does the will of my Father who is in Heaven. For whosoever hears me and does my sayings, hears him that sent me. And many will say to me, Lord, Lord, have we not eaten and drunk in your name and done wonders? And then will I say to them, 'Depart from me, you workers of iniquity.’ Then there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth, when the righteous shall shine like the sun, and the wicked are sent into everlasting fire. For many shall come in my name clothed outwardly in sheep's clothing, but inwardly being ravening wolves, not bringing forth good fruit, and being hewn down and cast into the fire. [366][367][368]
Justin Wishing to show them this also, that it is not impossible for flesh to ascend into Heaven as He had said, "that our dwelling-place is in Heaven." He was taken up into Heaven while they beheld, as He was in the flesh. [369][370][371]
This story has long been the subject of scholarly debate. Although it is part of the Gospel of John, most literary critics agree that it was not originally found there. Papias states that it is from the Hebrew Gospel. [372][373][374][375]
Sinful Woman A woman condemned for sinful behavior was being sent to the customary place for stoning. When the Savior realized elders were making ready to stone her, he said to them, "Whoever has not sinned, let him cast the first stone. Whoever believes himself not to have sinned, let him take up a stone and smite her. No one dared for they knew themselves well and feared they may have to give account. [376][377][378][379]
The most ancient manuscripts of Matthew's Gospel end with the following citation: "Here ends the copy of the Gospel of the apostle Matthew. He wrote it in the land of Palestine, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, in the Hebrew language, eight years after the bodily ascension of Jesus the Messiah into Heaven, in the first year of the reign of Claudius Caesar, Emperor of Rome." [380][381] Also Theophylact and Euthymius do also assert this Gospel to have been written in the eighth year after Christ's Ascension.
This category of Hebrew Paralipomena tends to be later and less reliable.
Islamic Hadith Uzza, who, during the Pre-Islamic Period became a Christian used to write with Hebrew script. He would copy from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write. [382][383][384]
Marius Mercator The followers of Ebion receive only the Gospel according to the Hebrews, they call the Apostle (Paul) an apostate . . .they make use of Matthew's Gospel alone. [385][386]
Venerable Bede Here it must be noted that the ‘’Gospel according to the Hebrews’’, as it is called, is not to be reckoned among apocryphal but among ecclesiastical histories; for it seemed good even to the translator of Holy Scripture himself, Jerome to cite many testimonies from it, and to translate it into the Latin and Greek language. [387][388][389]
Sedulius Scottus Then James, the son of Alphaeus, vowed not to eat bread from the table of the Lord until he saw Christ rising again, as is read in the Gospel of the Hebrews. [390][391][392]
Sedulius Scottus In the Gospel of the Hebrews instead of "supernatural bread" I found moar, which means "tomorrow's bread". [393][394][395]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel reads here: “If you be in My heart and do not the will of My Father who is in Heaven, I will cast you away from My heart.”[396][397][398]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel has “the Kingdom of Heaven is plundered”.[399][400][401]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel states, “I am grateful to you”.[402][403][404]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel does not have, “three days and three nights”.[405][406][407]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel has, “Corban is what you should gain from us”.[408][409][410]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel has, “And he delivered unto them armed men, to sit near the cave and guard it day and night”. [411][412][413]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel has not “to the Holy City,” rather “to Jerusalem”.[414][415][416]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel states “son of John” for “Bar-Jona”.[417][418][419]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel states immediately after the seventy times seven: “For in the prophets, after they were anointed with the Holy Spirit, there was found in them sinful speech.”[420][421][422]
MarNote The Hebrew Gospel has, “And he denied and swore and cursed”. [423][424][425]
↑In the Gospel of the Hebrews, written in the Chaldee and Syriac language but in Hebrew script, and used by the Nazarenes to this day (I mean the Gospel of the Apostles, or, as it is generally maintained, the Gospel of Matthew, a copy of which is in the library at Caesarea), we find, “Behold the mother of the Lord and his brothers said to him, ‘John the Baptist baptizes for the forgiveness of sins. Let us go and be baptized by him.’ But Jesus said to them, ‘in what way have I sinned that I should go and be baptized by him? Unless perhaps, what I have just said is a sin of ignorance.’” And in the same volume, “‘If your brother sins against you in word, and makes amends, forgive him seven times a day.’ Simon, His disciple, said to Him, ‘Seven times in a day!’ The Lord answered and said to him, ‘I say to you, Seventy times seven.’ ” Jerome, Against Pelagius 3.2
↑In the so-called Gospel of the Hebrews, for “bread essential to existence,” I found “mahar”, which means “of tomorrow”; so the sense is: our bread for tomorrow, that is, of the future, give us this day. Jerome, Commentary on Matthew 1
↑In Matthew's Hebrew Gospel it states, ‘Give us this day our bread for tomorrow.” Jerome, On Psalm 135
↑Jesus said "Blessed are the poor, for to you belongs the Kingdom of Heaven" Log 54
↑The second rich youth said to him, “Rabbi, what good thing can I do and live?” Jesus replied, “Fulfill the law and the prophets.” “I have,” was the response. Jesus said, “Go, sell all that you have and distribute to the poor; and come, follow me.” The youth became uncomfortable, for it did not please him. And the Lord said, “How can you say, I have fulfilled the Law and the Prophets, when it is written in the Law: You shall love your neighbor as yourself and many of your brothers, sons of Abraham, are covered with filth, dying of hunger, and your house is full of many good things, none of which goes out to them?” And he turned and said to Simon, his disciple, who was sitting by Him, “Simon, son of Jonah, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for the rich to enter the Kingdom of Heaven. ”Origen, Commentary on Matthew 15:14
↑Gospel of Thomas, Logion 46: Jesus said, "From Adam to John the Baptist, among those born to women, no one is greater than John the Baptist that his eyes should not be averted. But I have said that whoever among you becomes a child will recognize the (Father's) kingdom and will become greater than John."
↑“There was a certain man named Jesus, about thirty years old, who chose us. Coming to Capernaum, He entered the house of Simon, who is called Peter, and said, ‘As I passed by the Sea of Galilee, I chose John and James, sons of Zebedee, and Simon, and Andrew, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, Judas Iscariot; and you Matthew, sitting at the tax office, I called and you followed me. You therefore, I want to be the Twelve, to symbolize Israel.’”Epiphanius, Panarion 30:13
↑Epiphanius, Panarion 30:13, Jerome, On Illustrious Men, 2
↑Although several Fathers say Matthew wrote the Gospel of the Hebrews they are silent about Greek Matthew found in the Bible. Modern scholars are in agreement that Matthew did not write Greek Matthews which is 300 lines longer than the Hebrew Gospel (See James Edwards the Hebrew gospel)
↑They too accept Matthew's gospel, and like the followers of Cerinthus and Merinthus, they use it alone. They call it the Gospel of the Hebrews, for in truth Matthew alone in the New Testament expounded and declared the Gospel in Hebrew using Hebrew script. Epiphanius, Panarion 30:3
↑“After the people were baptized, Jesus went and was baptized by John. As Jesus came up from the water, Heaven was opened, and He saw the Holy Spirit descend in the form of a dove and enter into him. And a voice from Heaven said, ‘You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.’ And again, ‘Today I have begotten you.’ “Immediately a great light shone around the place; and John, seeing it, said to him, ‘Who are you, Lord?' And again a voice from Heaven said, ‘This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.’ Then John, falling down before Him, said, ‘I beseech You, Lord, baptise me!’ But Jesus forbade him saying, ‘Let it be so as it is fitting that all things be fulfilled.’” Epiphanius, Panarion 30:13
↑Burton L. Visotzky, Fathers of the World, Mohr Siebeck, 1995. p 81
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 263
↑ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 146
↑Ignatius' Epistle to the Smyrn. 3.1-2, and Jerome, who quotes it from the Nazarene Gospel in De viris illustribus 16, cf. Luke 24:39)
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol 1, p 119
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 265
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
↑Ignatius, who cites these words, does not say whence he drew them; but Jerome informs us that they were taken from the Gospel of the Hebrews (Pick, 13).
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol 29, p 31
↑On Symmachus, who is also known as translator: Jerome respected Symmachus' brilliance in his linguistic skills in Greek and Hebrew and used Symmachus' translations to help write his Latin Vulgate Bible
↑Paul L. Maier, Eusebius--the church history, Kregel Academic, 1999. p220
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 1
↑See also Robert W Fuller, Demythologizing Jesus of Nazareth, Xulon Press, 2012. p 564 (Not a used as a reference - self published)
↑Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis [Miscellanies] 2.9.45
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 85, p 189
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 266
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 14
↑Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis [Miscellanies] 7.13.1
↑A. Roberts, The Ante-nicene Fathers, Cosimo, Inc., 2007. Vol 2, p 547
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 267
↑Michael Ferrebee Sadler, The Gospel according to Saint Matthew Bell & Sons Pub, 1890. p xiv
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol 29, p 48
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 268
↑Sabine Baring-Gould, The lost and hostile gospels, Publisher Williams and Norgate, 1874. p 120
↑Origen, Commentary on John 2.12 See also Origen’s Homily on Jeremiah 15.4, which says, “If anyone can accept the word – ‘Even so did my mother the Holy Spirit take me up to the great mountain, Tabor’ – one can see she is his mother.”
↑ A. Menzies, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 9, p 329
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 268
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 4
↑Baring-Gould (p. 141) makes the following remark: " The comparison of these two accounts (viz.: that of the Gospel of the Hebrews and of St. Matthew XIX, 16-24) is not favorable to that in the Canonical Gospel. It is difficult to understand how a Jew could have asked, as did the rich young man, what commandments he ought to keep in order that he might enter into life. The Decalogue was known by heart by every Jew."
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 269
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 7
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 174-175
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 270
↑Edward Bosworth, Studies in the life of Jesus Christ, YMCA Press, 1909. p 95
↑Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 3.25.5 ** See also Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, who also produced a catalog of New Testament books, followed by that of the antilegomena (which contains the Revelation of John) and that of the apocrypha. Next to each book is the count of its stichoi (lines). The following is an excerpt:
New Testament (writings) the following are gainsaid:
. The Revelation of John 1400 lines
. The Revelation of Peter 300 lines
. The Epistle of Barnabas 1360 lines
. The Gospel of the Hebrews 2200 lines
Apocrypha of the New Testament:
. The Circuit of Paul 3600 lines
. The Circuit of Peter 2750 lines
. The Circuit of John 2500 lines
. The Circuit of Thomas 1600 lines
. The Gospel of Thomas 1300 lines
. The Didache 200 lines
. The 32 (books) of Clement 2600 lines
It is important to note that the Gospel of the Hebrews is 2200 lines, 300 fewer than Greek Matthew. (Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, in his Stichometry)
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 179
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. pp 270 & 290
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 1-2
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 161
↑ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 272
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 10
↑ Ray Pritz, Nazarene Jewish Christianity: From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century, Brill Archive, 1988. Vol 37, p 76
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 272
↑Bart D. Ehrman & Zlatko Pleše, The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations, Oxford University Press, 2011. p 219
↑Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, pp 141 - 142
↑Also because the Epistle to the Hebrews quotes from the Hebrew Gospel "You are my son, today I have begotten you" some scholars believe Paul had a copy of the Hebrew Gospel composed by Matthew. See Hebrews 1:5
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 100, p 8
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 280
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 11
↑Baring-Gould (l. c., p. 149), states that this touching incident is quite in keeping with what we know about St. James, the Lord's brother. James the Just, according to Hegesippus (Eusebius, I list. Eccles. II, 23) did not drink wine and abstained from meat. There is no doubt that James belonged to the ascetic school among the Jews and an oath to abstain from food until a certain event was accomplished was not unusual (Acts XXIII, 14). The story of this appearance found its way into the writings of St. Gregory of Tours (Hist. Eccl. Francorum I, 21) and thence it passed into the ' Legenda Aurea ' of Jacques de Voragine.
↑If you read he Hebrew Gospel that the Nazarenes use in context, Jerome implies that that it has the authority of Scripture. Read vs.23.35-36 also: And Zechariah the son of Johoiada said, “For he was of two names.” (Peter of Laodicea, Commentary on Matthew, ed. Heinrici, 5. 267
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 267
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 283
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 9
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. 122 vols. Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 320
↑Josephus, too, reports that the angelic powers, the former guardians of the Temple, equally cried out at that time: “Let us pass from this dwelling place
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 284
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 11
↑Ray Pritz, Nazarene Jewish Christianity: From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century, Brill Archive, 1988. Vol 37, p 90
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 285
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 4
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 287
↑ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 20
↑LETTER 19 A letter of Pope Damasus to Jerome on Matthew 21.9
↑Philip Schaff, Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Eerdmans, 1989. p 22
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 279
↑Henry Wace & Philip Schaff, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: St. Jerome: Letters and select works, Christian literature Company, 1893. Vol 6, p 22
↑LETTER 20: A letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus on Matthew 21.9
↑Philip Schaff, Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Eerdmans, 1989. p 22
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 279
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 8
↑Jerome, Preface to the Four Gospels, Addressed to Pope Damasus in 383
↑Roland H. Worth, Bible translations: a history through source documents, McFarland & Co., 1992. p 28
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 286
↑Up to this time most people believed the Gospel of Matthew to be a Greek translation of Matthew's Hebrew gospel. When Jerome pointed out that this was unlikly due to the discrepancies, all copies of the Hebrew Gospel disappeared and Jerome fell into disfavor, having to leave Rome in 384 A.D. Modern scholars have since vindicated Jerome and it is generally accepted that the Gospel of Matthew found in the Bible could not have been tranlated from the Hebrew Gospel.
↑Henry Wace & Philip Schaff, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: St. Jerome: Letters and select works, Christian literature Company, 1893. Vol 6, p 488
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 31
↑James Keith Elliott , The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 1993. pp 43 - 45
↑Thomas J. Kraus, “The Fayum Gospel.” from The Non-Canonical Gospels. Edited by Paul Foster. New York: T&T Clark, 2008. pp 150-56
↑Samuel Cox, Sir William Robertson Nicoll & James Moffatt, "The Expositor", Hodder and Stoughton, 1888. p 450
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 168
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. pp 30 - 31
↑Thomas J. Kraus & Michael J. Kruger, "Gospel fragments", Oxford University Press, 2009. p 123
↑Walter Richard Cassels, Supernatural Religion - An Inquiry Into the Reality of Divine Revelation, Longmans, Green, 1875. p 420
↑Samuel Zinner, The Gospel of Thomas, The Matheson Trust Pub, 2011. pp 236 - 237
↑ Glenn E. Snyder, New Testament and Christian Apocrypha, Mohr Siebeck, 2009. Vol 2 p 178
↑S. Kent Brown comments on the text of Oxyrhynchus 840 The Anchor Bible Dictionary, v. 5, p. 1000
↑ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 15
↑H. G. Evelyn-White, "The sayings of Jesus from Oxyrhynchus," University Press, 1920. p ii-9
↑Donald Alfred Hagner, The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome, BRILL, 1973. Vol 34 p 298
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 31 - 40
↑The Oxyrhynchus papyri, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
↑ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 15
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979. pp 28, 26, 99, 15, 21, 50, 125, 131, 44, 111, 27, 24, 96 & 37,
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 31 - 40
↑ Arthur Lillie, The Gospel According to the Hebrews, Kessinger Publishing 2005. pp 112 - 113
↑ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 111
↑Jeffrey J. Bütz, The Secret Legacy of Jesus, Inner Traditions Pub, 2009. pp 175 - 176
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. pp 79 & 80, 92-93
↑Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6 pp 289-290 & 310
↑ Arthur Lillie, The Gospel According to the Hebrews, Kessinger Publishing 2005. p 124
↑Also because the Epistle to the Hebrews quotes from the Hebrew Gospel "You are my son, today I have begotten you" some scholars believe Paul had a copy of the Hebrew Gospel composed by Matthew. See Hebrews 1:5
↑‘Today I have begotten You.' from the "Memoirs of the Apostles," is the the same as the above quotes from the Hebrew Gospel (see above - Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13)
↑Albertus Frederik Johannes Klijn, Jewish-Christian Gospel Tradition BRILL, 1992. Vol 17, p 87
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 290
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 11
↑ James Keith Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 2005. p 13
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 48
↑ James Keith Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 2005. p 14
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 49
↑ James Keith Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 2005. p 14
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 63
↑ James Keith Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 2005. p 14
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 82
↑ James Keith Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 2005. p 14
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 186
↑ James Keith Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press, 2005. p 13
↑James R.Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p
↑Bart D. Ehrman, Lost Scriptures, Oxford University Press, 2003. p 11
↑Burton H. Throckmorton, Gospel Parallels , Thomas Nelson Inc, 1979. p 13
↑James R.Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 292
↑Burton H. Throckmorton, Gospel Parallels , Thomas Nelson Inc, 1979. p 89
↑Edward Williams B. Nicholson, A new commentary on the Gospel according to Matthew, C. Kegan Paul, 1881. p 150
↑James R.Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 291
↑Burton H. Throckmorton, Gospel Parallels , Thomas Nelson Inc, 1979. p 99
↑ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 164
↑James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 291
↑Burton H. Throckmorton, Gospel Parallels , Thomas Nelson Inc, 1979. p 175
↑Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 10
This is not a Wikisource or Wikipedia article. It is about the Historical Jesus which evaluates the Historicity of Jesus. It looks at the Hebrew Gospel and the Gospel of the Hebrews in an attempt to define the "Jesus of History".Hebrew Gospel of Matthew >>> Gospel Paralipomena >>> Gospel of the Hebrews >>> Christian Oral tradition >>> Gospel according to the Hebrews >>> Hebrew Gospel >>> Matthew >>> Christian Oral tradition
>>>>>>>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ret.Prof/_History_of_the_Hebrew_Gospel
