A Dictionary of the Sunda language/N

by Jonathan Rigg

Na, The possessive pronoun, his, her, its. Hulu na lalaki, a man's head; imah na éwé randa, a widow's house; tungtung na kayu, the end of the wood. It not unfrequently precedes the substantive to which it alludes, when uch substantive is preceded by the preposition di or ka, when it has less of a possessive power. Di na imah, at the house; whereas to make it: at his house, would require another na after imah, as di na imah na; Ka na hadé ma, hanto, as to its being good, no. Na is often used in the sense of our the, but as such it always follows the substantive to which it relates; Batu na tĕuas, the stone was hard; Tangkal na luhur, the tree was high. (1).^[1]

Na-as, the meaning of na-as is that nothing is obtained, as if a man went out shooting, and firing at a deer did not hit it, and firing at birds, could not hit them; feeling hungry could get nothing to eat; feeling thirsty could find no water, till going home in disgust , the party had nothing to bring with him. All this is expressed by the word Na-as. (Arab. نحسNahs, misfortune; unfortunate. In Jav. also Nahas).

Na-as, there is a sort of calculation called na-as pitu, the seven na-as. In every month there are seven days which are called na-as, viz. the 1st - 4th— 11th — 14th — 15th — 21th — and 25th. Now on these seven days luck will never, or hardly ever, attend one's undertakings, everything will go wrong, and therefore these days are avoided by the native when he undertakes any matter of importance. There is a belief that on these seven dates of the month, Mahomet got into his greatest difficulties and persecutions.(Naturally the same word as the preceding).

Nabas, to buy up wholesale. See Tabasan. (Jav. Nĕbas, to buy the produce standing yet in the field. Cf. Tĕbus, Tumbas).

Nabi, arabic, a Prophet. Nabi Isa, the Prophet Jesus. Nabi Mohammad, the prophet Mahomet. ( نبي Nabi).

Nadin, Kĕtan nadin, the kĕtan paddy which is losing its qualities of Kĕtan and turning to Pare bĕnĕr or true paddy, a thing which the natives say sometimes takes place.

Naga, a fabulous serpent, a dragon. Naga, C. 315, the hooded snake or Cobra Capella; a serpent in general; the Hindu Dragon.

Nagasari, name of a tree, also called Pung, Acacia Pedunculata.

Nagasari, name of another tree, Mesua ferrea.

Nagara, a country; a region; a chief town. The capital of a country where the chiefs reside as contradistinguished from the villages or distant provinces. Nagara, C. 306, a town; a city.

Nagara Dangka, a country whose people do not know what is right, who are in ignorance (of the Mohammedan religion). See Dangka.

NagéL, slippery and without hold. Said of any place where no firm footing or hold can begot, as upon the face of a ledge of rocks. Nagél di na gawir, in a slippery position on the face of a steep bank ; on the face of a steep bank, where no firm hold or footing can be got. Nagĕn, to persevere; to undertake with vigour; to set to work with resolution. Nagĕn di pagawéan, keeping close at his work.

Nagi, to demand the payment of a debt; to dun. (Mal. tagi).

Nagog, sitting or crouching down carelessly. Nagog bai di imah, loitering in the house. Nagog bai di buruan, squatting in the yard before the house.

Nagrég, dry poor soil, where little or nothing will grow; hard bad soil, where hardly a wild grass or weed will grow, or thrive.

Nah, an interjection of reproach; an expression in finding fault with any one. Nah! sia nundutan dĕui, there you are napping again.

Naha, how comes it? for what reason? Wat naha! an expression of remonstrance: How can that possibly be! Bij what means is that! Naha sia to daik pĕupĕuli ka aing, how comes it that you do not tell me?

Nahĕun, to set, as a trap or other device for ensnaring. Nahĕun bachang, to set a springe to take an animal. Nahĕun gaul, and Nahĕun bubu, two methods of taking fish by setting those traps in rivers.

Naheur, to boil; especially to boil water or juice for sugar.

Nahi, failing in work which a man cannot get through; beat with a job; not able to get through any work given. Labour in vain.

Naik, to ascend, to go aloft; to increase in number or quantity. To assume a high office. Naik pangkat, to ascend in office. Naik raja, to become a king. Naik haji to become a pilgrim at Mecca. Naik kuda, to mount a horse. Naik kapal, to embark in a ship. (Mal. idem).

Najis, decidedly not (the word implies a strong and positive denial or. disbelief). Wat najis tĕuyn, it is a most positive lie. Najis sia bisa bayar, it is quite impossible that you should be able to pay.

Najong, to strike with the fore foot.

Nakĕr, very, in an extreme degree. Hadé nakĕr, it is very good. Murah nakĕr, it is very cheap. Luhur nakĕr, exceedingly high.

Nakhoda, persian, the master of a vessel; a native captain of a seagoing ship or vessel. Nakhoda prahu Bugis, the master of a Bugis prow. ( ناحدا Nakhudā , Pers. master خدا, khudâ of a ship ناو nâv).

Naksi, said of a woman who sues for a divorce.

Nal, wadding for loading a gun (which in Java, is generally with the natives sabut or coir teazed out of the husk of the cocoanut).

Nalik, as respects, regarding, taking into consideration. Nalik ka na bogah na susah nyambut, taking into consideration the difficulty there is in working it.

Naliktik, to seek, to peep, to look after.

Nambag, to accumulate; collected in a heap. Said especially of water which, meeting any obstacle in its course , accumulates and rises up so as to overflow that obstacle, or finds vent sideways. Said also of matter , as earth , mud , sand , leaves and sticks which

hang in a water course, and do not wash away clean. Paré na nambag di lawang gudang, the paddy is heaped up about the door of the store. Chadas na nambag to daikkĕn palid, the indurated earth hangs in its course and will not wash away. Chai na gĕus nambag, limpas kana bĕndungan, the water has collected in front of the dam and now flows over it.

Nambang, to be conveyed or transported by water; to work a shore boat. (Jav. Nambang'ng'i to make a traject, to transport across a river. Mal. Tambang, to transport over a river. Jav. Tambang, a cord — such being put across a river for the purpose of traject).

Nambat, to reach across; sufficiently long, sufficient for any object. Kayu na mojĕuh na, nambat ka sabrang, that wood is just the thing, it reaches to the other side of the water. Paré na to nambat ka tahĕiun dĕui, the paddy will not last till the next year, that is, there is not enough of it.

Namblĕg, thumping down firmly on the ground and remaining fixed. Said also of scales which are borne down to the ground with a heavy or full weight. Standing upright and immovable.

Nambo, the old course of a river now deserted; the former bed of a river.

Namnam, name of a fruit tree, Cynometra Cauliflora. The fruit grows out from the stem of the tree.

Nampah, to receive, to take in one's hands, to get into one's possession. Nampah sa rupiyah, to receive a rupee. (Jav. (Javanese characters), Ng. (Javanese characters) Tompa, Tampi).

Nampanan, to receive, to take in hand. (See Tampanan. Kula di sodoran, tĕlĕui nampanan bai, when it was handed me, I at once received it.

Namprak, spread out, laid out thin; set out or exposed (for sale).

Nana, a duplication of the possessive pronoun na which gives it emphasis. Girangan nana, still higher up the river. Pasawahan nana lĕgah, their sawah are extensive. The word nana requires to follow a final an in the previous word.

Nanah, matter from a festering wound; pus. (Jav. Mal. idem)

Nanchĕb, stuck in the ground or other substance. See Tanchĕbkĕn. (Jav. Nanceb, to stick a thing with the point in the ground or into any week substance).

Nandĕs or Tandĕs, cut through, broken through, clean or short off.

Nanĕm, buried or sunk in the earth; stuck fast in the ground. Iyo batu wat nanĕm amat, how much this stone is stuck fast in the ground. (Jav. Nannĕm, to plant).

Nang'ĕn, heard only in To nang'ĕn, to have no strength, to be helpless.

Nanggĕuh, perpendicular, steep; straight upright; standing on end.

Nanggung, to carry singly, by means of a stick laid across the shoulders, with the weight suspended from each end. When two or more persons are employed carrying, it would be called Gotong, which see. To be security or bail for another person. (Mal. Tang'gung, Mĕnang'gung, to bear; to be security. (Jav. Nang'gung, to be security).

Nganggur, of no use , of no avail , useless , worthless.

Nangka, the Jack tree, Artocarpus Iutegrifolia , of the family Urticeae. 294 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE

Nangka-beurit, literally the Mouse Jack fruit, a variety of the Jack fruit, of which the fruit is long and round. Called in Malay Champědak, Artocarpus Polydheraa of the family of Urticea. The Sunda name means literally the rat or mouse Jack tree, which probably betrays the trees as not aboriginally belonging to Java, or else there would be some single and purely indigenous name for it. Yet it is found every where in abundance among the mountains. The Malay word Champǎdak ; contains the word Champa, which was a country of Bengal, the present Bhagalpore; Dakh, (C. 252) a giver, a donor — may denote that it was given by , or introduced from Champa.

Nangka Wolanda, The Sour-sop, Anona Muricata; — originally introduced from the West Indies by the Dutch and hence Wolanda.

Nangkarak, lying on the back, with the belly upwards.

Nangkod, adhering to; in close connexion with; embracing.

Nangkoda, persian , the captain of a seagoing vessel , a native captain ; the same as Nakhoda.

Nangkub, lying on the belly, with the back upwards.

Nangkuban, inverted over anything; lying with the belly downwards over anything.

Nangsi, name of a tree, Urtica Eubescens.

Nangtung, on end , upright , standing up. Maka nantung sia , stand up. Maka nararangtung, get up all of you. Nararangtung , is the plural of nangtung.

Nanjak, to go up, to ascend a hill, to climb a steep place.

Nanjĕur, upright, erect, on end; rearing up. Kuda na urut nanjĕur, the horse had reared up.

Nanya, to ask; to enquire. Kula teu nanya, I did not ask. (Mal, Tánya, Tannya, Ger.).

Nanyaken, to enquire after anything; to question.

Napal, adhering, adhesive, sticking to; clammy; in juxtaposition. (Jaz. Napĕl, to have a circuit to adhere, stick to).

Napas, arabic, breath, respiration; the breath of life; air which is taken into the lungs; soul, spirit. (نفس, Nafs, anima; persona, individuum. نفس Nafas, spiritus , anhelitus. Freytag).

Napas, a colour of horse's hair, which is light brown or fawn. Kuda napas, a fawn colored horse.

Napi, to sift, to put through a sieve or riddle; especially said of rice and grain. (Jav. Napenni, idem).

Napsu, arabic, the energy of life; the passions; a willingness to exert oneself; sensual desires , lust. Owoh napsuan , there is no exertion in him or it , said of man or beast. Napas alam dunya, the desires of this world. (From the same root نفس, in the 3d form dcsideravit, 4th cupidum reddidit, desiderio affecit. Freytag).

Narajang, to come in contact with; to fly at and attack; to fall to the lot of. Maung narajang ka jéléma , the tiger flew at the man. Lamun narajang ka lobah kula , payah , should such fall to my lot, I should be sorely put about. See Tarajang. (Jav. Nrajang , from Trajang, Těrajang to attack. Mal. idem).

Naraka, hell, the infernal regions. Naraka, C. 311 — Hell.

Nararangtung, the plural of Nangtung, standing up.

Narawas, to hold an inspection before commencing operations. See Tarawas.

Narawastu, name of a grass with odoriferous roots, which are used as a perfume. This is called by the Javanese Lorowastu. Andropogon Muricatus. The roots are of a yellow colour and often made into fans. Nara, C. 311, a man individually or generally. According to the Brahminical system of theology the anima mundi or the spirit pervading the universe. Wastu, C. 632, property, wealth, natural disposition, essential property , nature , essence. The essence of the soul of the universe.

Narik, to drag, to haul along, to pull. To attend a loaded cart. To keep a cart and buffaloes for the purpose of carrying loads. (Jav. Mal. idem).

Naruhkěn, to wager, to risk.

Nas, arabic, a text or dogma of the koran. (Naçç , sanctio. In Malay the same as in Sunda).

Nasir, arabic, a defender, a protector, an assistant. Crawfurd. (Nacir).

Nasur, arabic, a vulture, used only in relating fabulous stories. In Hebrew, Syriac, Aethiopic and Arabic, the word Nisr means either an eagle or a hawk, and appears to be derived from an unused root, meaning „to tear in pieces with the teeth" , „to rend as a bird of prey". Vaux's Nineveh and Persepolis; page 31. (Arabic Nasr, vulture; from the root Nasara, to rend, to tear in peaces with the beak).

Nata, a chief, a master, a lord, a prince. Much used in the composition of proper names. Natha, C. 317, a master, a chief, a lord.

Natag, to hack a tree in order to let it bleed a gum.

Natrat, following the course of, tracking; not swerving from, Natrat bai turut jalan ka Bogor, without swerving he followed the road to Buitenzorg. Natrat bai di susul, he followed after him in his track.

Nau, to bale out water from a pool till dry, in order to catch the fish.

Naun , what , that which. Naun nu di sada , what is it which gives a cry ? Naun sebab na , what is the reason of it? Ku naun, why? Naun tah? what is it? how do you call it?

Naur or Nawur, to fling out for a scramble. Naur duit, to fling out doits to be scrambled for. See Awur and Gaur. To redeem anything by a payment Naur gawé to redeem (the service or servitude of feudal) work. Said of such people as compound for feudal service. Naur hutang , to redeem a debt, to pay the debt. (Jav. Nawur , to spread round. Mal Tábur ,spread).

Nawing, looking high at a distance, as a mountain. Perpendicular and steep, like an abrupt precipice. (Kw. Ger. Tawing, shut out of view, covered; also name of a mountain). Nayaka, a noble man, a man of high birth, a grandee. Nayaka, C. 819, chief, princi- pal, head, pre-eminent.

Nayĕuh, same as Tayĕuh, which see. Teu nayĕuh, it does not look like it ; it is not likely. (Cf. Kw. Ger. Tayuh, an apparition, a vision in dreaming).

Néam, it appears to me, it strikes me. Néam mohal hadé, it appears to me as if it would not be right. Néam na pondok , it strikes me that it is short.

Néang, same as Téang , to look for, to search, to get hold of, to call.

Nĕbal, to begin, to commence. To take any work in hand. Nĕbar, to sow seeds broad cast. To scatter seed over land prepared for that purpose. To sow sawah paddy as seed in the Pabinihan, to be subsequently transplanted. (Jav.Sĕbar, Nyĕbar Nĕbar idem).

Nébéng, slope, ascent; a flat but upright surface.

Nĕda, to eat, a refined expression. Eukĕur nĕda, he is just eating. (Bal.Nĕda, to eat).

Nĕdah, to ask, to entreat. Nĕdah kalapa sa hulu, I beg of you one fruit of the cocoanut (Jav. Nĕdah, Kr. Nuduh Ng. to assign, to show, to order).

Nĕdas, done up entirely, totally destroyed or allowed to goto ruin. (Tĕdas, hit, wounded).

Nĕdĕng, in season; ocurring in quantities, abundant, said of fruit; in the busy act of doing something. Said of anything that is plentiful , or of any operation which is in the midst of being performed. Kadu ĕukĕur nĕdĕung , Durians are plentiful. Nĕdĕng di buat, in the midst of cutting paddy. (Jav. Mai. Sĕdĕng, sufficient; apt, becoming; at the very time. Nĕdĕng, to do at the right time. Kw. Sĕdĕng and Sĕdĕk, at the time that).

Négla, visable from a distance, exposed to view. Di gunung négla amat ka laut, on the mountains you have a fine prospect over the sea. Négla tĕuyn kalakuan sia, your actions are too clearly seen. The place in Bantam called Pandeglan, seems derived from this word négla, with Pan before it, and an after. The N of négla is transformed into D, as is the case with some other words, as Pandĕurĕusan , from Nĕureĕus. Pandéglan in Bantam is on the eastern slope of the Gunung Karang , and commands a fine view. (The d in Pandéglanand Pandĕurĕusan seems to be euphonically inserted. Fr.)

Nĕjum, arabic, the stars; a horoscope, astrology. (نجم Najim; plur. نجم Nujum, or نجوم Nujfim, stars).

Nĕk, an idiomatic expression of feeling sorrow, or regret; of feeling hurt. Ari ngadengi tĕu mĕunang , nĕk bai, when I heard that it could not be got, I was quite hurt.

Nékér, to strike a light with a flint and steel. See Panékér.

Nĕktĕk, perpendicular. Bolt upright: especially said of anything which is very high, as a mountain. Nĕlah, to bear a name, to be called. Nĕlah Abdullah, to be called Abdullah. See Katĕlah. (Jav, Tĕlah, to be accustomed; custom. Mal. Tĕlah, said of the past time).

Némbalan, to answer, to respond, to cry out. (Jav. Timbal, Nimbal, to transfer, to throw to another; nimballi, to call a person, to order).

Némbang, to pitch a tune; to tune an instrument. (Jav. Nĕmbang, idem).

Némpélét, a very trifle, showing small in quantity. Paré na némpélét dĕui, his paddy was reduced to a small compass.

Nĕmpuh, to put under the obligation of praying, to claim indemnity. Ari rusak bakakas aing, daik nĕmpuh bai ha nu maké, if my tools are spoiled, I shall claim indemnity from those who have used them. That is — I shall make them pay for them. (Jav. idem).

Nĕmpur, to buy paddy.

Nĕnaunan, about what? what are you doing? A verb derived from Naun, what? Nĕnaunan sia di dinyo, what are you about there?

Néné-moyang, ancestors, grandfather and grandmother. Néné is not used alone, but there is Nini for grandmother. Moyang is also not used separately and occurs only in the expression Néné-moyang. Vide Moyang.

Nĕnggĕl, to hit on the right spot, to strike with effect To hit with precision. To nĕnggĕl, it did not hit. (Jav. Pĕnggĕl, Nĕnggĕl, to run against the body of a person. Ger.).

Népa, to infect, as disease conveyed to another. Panyakit éta sok népa, that disease is catching, or is caught by coming in contact with a person already affected.

Nĕpi, up to, at, on arriving at; sufficiently long or large. See Tĕpi. Nĕpi ka lumbur, pĕupĕuli ka mandor, when you get to the village, tell the Mandor. Kayu iyo to nĕpi, this wood is not long enough, it will not reach across.

Nĕrapkĕn, to set up or put up in order, to arrange. (Jav. Trap, manner, way, order; nĕrap, to regulate, to put in order).

Néros and téros, spindle shaped, thick at one end and thin at the other, as a stick of bambu. In Malay Tirus.

Nĕtĕs, sore-footed, from festering cracks or wounds which naturally break out, and which often trouble the native very much; they occur on the sole of the foot. This obliges him to wear a Tarumpah or rude sandal, which see. (Jav. Tĕtĕs, hurt, cut, wounded).

Nĕulĕum, to dip, to dye, as cotton cloth or thread. To dive under water. (Jav. Silĕm, to dive under water, to sink into it; Nilĕm, to dip, to make sink).

Nĕupa, to work iron, to work as a blacksmith.

Nĕurak, to take effect, to make an impression, to leave a mark; to hit. Di kadik ku bĕdog to daik nĕurak, when struck with a chopper, it would not be cut. (Jav. Nĕrak, to hurt, to hit).

Nĕurĕus, to lay spawn or deposit eggs as fish do. Coming on in crowds. Said of numbers of people pressing on to obtain some object.

Nga, a syllable placed before a substantive or adjective, whereby a verbal sense is conveyed, as Déngi, hear, hearing, Ngadéngi, to hear. The word so formed is also often followed by an, as Hadé, good, Ngahadéan, to make good, to mend. See below for numerous examples. By divesting the word of the initial nga, and final an, the crude word will be found, which may mostly be further consulted in voce.

Ngabadĕg, many, plenty, superabundance; more than wanted.

Ngabaiawak, to drop in upon a neighbor who is known to have good cheer, and as soon as you have got your belly full to walk off. Done in imitation of the Baiawak, which see.

Ngabakti, to do good actions, to do what a man's faith or religion requires. To make reverence or homage. See Bakti.

Ngabayuan, to feed, to take care of. To cherish.

Ngabayut, jammed, grazing along.

Ngabĕdil, to fire with a gun; to kill by firing at with a fowling piece or Bĕdil. Ngabĕdil unchal to nĕurak, I fired at a deer, but did not hit it.

Ngabĕlĕlok, to explode, to go off with a loud report.

Ngabĕng'uk, sitting cowered in a heap, with the head hanging down, and troubled with some difficulty.

Ngabĕsot, slipped or sprung out: disengaged; unconnected by slipping out.

Ngabĕtok, to set oneself in opposition; to be hard-headed and obstinate. Unwilling to comply with any demand. (Jav. (Javanese characters) Batuk, the forehead).

Ngabĕtrik, to fly back with a spring as a bent stick; to reverberate.

Ngabĕurĕuman, to make red, that is to make any one ashamed of himself. To worst an enemy.

Ngabihi, a petty title of family rank next below a Rangga, generally heard as Ingabi. (Jav. Ngabehi from kabeh, many, much. According to Gericke higher in rank than a Rangga).

Ngabilĕng, to stare earnestly, to watch attentively; to watch without turning off the head or eyes.

Ngabiti, to strike sideways with the foot. To give a side blow with the leg. (Jav. Ambitiy (Javanese characters) to strike with the fist).

Ngabokong, to set the rump against anything so as to lift it; to shove up and along with the rump, as a boat in shallow water. See Bobokong. (Jav. Bokong, the rump).

Ngabrag, to run about at random; to go aroving. To neglect work and go strolling about.

Ngabugigig, said of a person, especially a woman who is careless about her toilet, who never combs her hair, or puts her clothes properly on. Slovenly.

Ngabukti, to get possession, to receive as an offering which is due and accepted. To obtain. See Bukti.

Ngabulak, to bubble or well up like water, in large quantity and with force.

Ngabundĕl, rolled in a heap; collected in a mass. (Jav. Bundĕl, (Javanese characters) to make a knot, to tie up).

Ngaburayut, hanging down in a heap, or in a bundle or in a cluster. Ngaburial, to bubble up as water in small quantities; said of small articles which keep floating upwards in water.

Ngabuyut, to follow in a row as natives follow after a chief. To go in company with.

Ngachabur, to splash in water; to swim in the splashing manner of natives. (Jav. Chěbur, Mal. Chabur, to spring into the water).

Ngachalok, to hop; to settle as a bird; to perch. (Bat. Měnchěluk, id.).

Ngachir, to run away in fear; to run off when worsted; defeated and fugitive.

Ngacho, to talk vauntingly. To hold bragging talk which of itself is evidently untrue.

Ngadalit, to stare, to look earnestly.

Ngadapang, down on all fours on the ground. Crouched down on the ground. Sneaking along in a crawling position.

Ngadawěung, to stare at, to look steadily; to gaze. To look as if at a loss what to do. Agog and perplexed.

Ngaděg, to set up for; to establish oneself; to be installed in an office. Gěus ngadeg sudagar, he has set up for a trader. Ngaděg děmang, to be installed as a Demang. (Jav. Bal. Ngaděg, to stand; to reign, to have authority).

Ngadégdég, to tremble, to shiver with fear or cold or the like.

Ngaděkěm, crouched down; squatting on the ground. It also means stuffing yourself, feeding eagerly, as the natives always cower down when eating. Doing anything with great intentness.

Ngaděkuk, squatting down with one knee to the ground and the other to the chin. Said also of a horse which falls down with one leg bent, and the other stuck out in front. (Jav. Bat. (Javanese characters) Děkok, to sleep).

Ngaděmpěs, crouching down, as if hiding oneself.

Ngadéngi, to hear, to listen to. Ulah sok ngadéng'i ka jélĕma burung, d'ont be always listening to foolish people. (Mal. Děngar, to hear. Jav. Děngěr, Déngěr, to understand. Kw. Děngěr, (Javanese characters) to hear).

Ngaděpa, lying down as a beast; sleeping on the ground. Unchal kapanggih eukeur ngadepa, we came upon the deer whilst lying on the ground.

Ngaděuhěusan, to approach, to draw near to; a refined expression. Ngaděuhěusan ka nu gědé, to approach great men, to seek an interview with men in authority.

Ngaděulěuh, to see, to view, to behold. Kudu ngaděulěuh ka kulon, you must look towards the west. (Cf. Jav. Kw. Dulu. Kawi of inscriptions, Dělě, (Javanese characters) Bat. Dělok).

Ngaděupa, a superstitious ceremony performed at some Kramat or old graves. A man takes a stick, by preference cut from the Sulangkar, and measures with it his fathom, Děupa, which is then cut off. Such sticks are laid upon the Kramat, and if, after saying a prayer, they are found to be a little longer, the prayer will be granted.

Ngadiyĕukan, to be seated on; to cause to appear in anything which is growing. Ngadiukan manéh, to go and sit oneself down with a request, and refusing to leave till granted. Said of persons who thus go and request a daughter in marriage etc. Ngadlyěukan buku, said of young growing paddy when the joints form in the straw.

Ngadogér, to work with a will, to work vehemently, to use strenuous exertions. Sa umur hirup ngadogér to bogah pimahiěun, working hard all your life time and not having enough to live on. Lumpat ka sawah těulěui ngadogér, to bisa maju ku lěutak, He ran to the sawahs and forthwith struggling vehemently could not advance from the mud.

Ngadu, to fight, to squabble, to dispute. Joined and filled together. (See Adu).

Ngadu biru, to intermingle in a discussion, or take part in it, when you have no right or claim to do so. To interfere in matters which do not regard you. See Biru.

Ngadukěn, to set to fighting; to egg on; to dispute. To fix or set together, as carpentry &c.

Ngadu muk, to abide, to live, to put up or hang out. Di mana ngadumuk na, where does he put up; where does he hang out.

Ngadungkuk, to sit quiet cowered in a heap, with the head hanging down as if in deep thought or in trouble. To show in a round heap, as a big stone or other object at a short distance.

Ngadurugdug, to run or move forward with violence and causing a loud report. To burst out violently. The report of anybody moving with violence, as a stone rolled down a hill.

Ngaduruk, to gather wood together, to pile it up and burn it. This is always done in the humahs after they have been burnt off. Gathering the partially consumed branches and bits of wood, and burning them off in a heap.

Ngagadil, to butt as a goat.

Ngagahgar, to cease to bear fruit, as trees or plants.

Ngagalang, across our road; athwart; anything set up in a ridge so as to form a barrier.

Ngagangsur, to trail along the ground with the belly, as is the case with one of the varieties of Rhinoceros, hence called Badak gangsur. Said of the act of any four-footed animal's belly trailing along the ground, or over logs of wood as it walks along.

Ngagantang, to receive anything, especially rice, by the gantang measure. Paid labourers generally receive their allowances of rice twice a month, and this is called ngagantang.

Ngagantung, to be suspended. To cause a suspension of payments or other allowances. To be relatively higher than something else. Chai na to daik ngochor, ngagantung kénéh ka na sawah, the water will not flow on, the sawahs are still quite suspended over it.

Ngagauk, to bellow, to roar out. (Cf. Ngagoak).

Ngagawing, swinging clear of the ground. Elevated above the ground. Pendulous.

Ngagayěm, to chew, to masticate: to chew the cud.

Ngagapui, dragging along the earth; hanging down on the ground.

Ngagěděg, rushing with impetuosity, as a stream of water, or a crowd of men or animals. (Jav. Gěděg, (Javanese characters) to shake, to move to either side.) Ngagěděr, to make a loud noise or report in moving round or revolving like a water wheel. To make any continuous noise or chatter, as a person who talks much and no one else can put in a word. (Jav. Gěděr (Javanese characters), cf. (Javanese characters) a noise, a loud noise; guměděr, to make a noise).

Ngagělar, said of things left out exposed in an open room, which does not fasten up. Left open and exposed.

Ngagělěděg, rushing with impetuosity, as a stream of water, or a crowd of men or animals. (See Ngagěděg).

Ngagěnděng, crying out and remonstrating: querulously complaining. Giving lots of talk and complaint.

Ngagéong, to fly round and round, as doves or any flock of birds.

Ngagětai, said of many people walking together or in a consecutive row; moving in large and tumultuous numbers.

Ngagěugěuh, to have an eye to; said of men in power who look after matters.

Ngagéwér, slipped down, slipped off. Said of a piece of wood laid across a ditch, which is not firm but slips round when stepped upon.

Ngagilěk, to turn or slip round, as a round pole of wood, or a round stone set in the road, when stepped upon.

Ngagoak, to roar out, to cry aloud, to bellow. (Goak, a crow; cf. Ngagauk).

Ngagoéng, to turn round, to revolve as a wheel.

Ngagolak, to boil up as hot water; to be in a state of ebullition.

Ngaguik, to squeal as a pig.

Ngagunduk, collected in a heap, piled together.

Ngaguntang, to lay hold of and swing by, as in climbing a tree, swinging by the branches; or passing along the under part of a roof, swinging by the rafters.

Ngaguriling, tumbling over, rolling about; running away in revolutions, like a stone rolling down a hill. (Cf. Giling).

Ngahadéan, to make good, to mend, to repair. To make good friends with any one. To cultivate a man's good will.

Ngahaharuan, to speak bad of people behind their backs; to pick a hole in a man's character. To scandalize.

Ngahalingan, to shut out from view.

Ngahandapan, to come under, to be in a lower position. (From Handap, Jav. (Javanese characters) low, beneath).

Ngahaung, to roar as a tiger.

Ngahawok, to scream, to cry out aloud, to holloa out.

Ngahéong, to mew as a cat.

Ngahěurap, to take fish with a casting net. See Hrěuap.

Ngahěurěuyan, to molest, to trouble, to pester.

Ngahiang, to disappear mysteriously, to vanish- as did the people in the olden time fore the introduction of Mohammedanism and as is supposed was the case with those natives, who on the introduction of Mohammedanism were unwilling to renounce their old Brahminical faith and consequently vanished and did not die a natural death. The origin of this word is no doubt to be found in Hyang which see—to become a divinity, to be deified. This idea of vanishing from the world, and dying, is not confined to the Javanese. The early kings of Macassar are reported also no tot have died, but that they disappeared. Tijdschrift voor Ned: Indië 1854 September. Page 149.

Ngahidi, to spear fish by diving down into the water with a Hidi , which see , and then watching an opportunity to strike the fish.

Ngahuap, to feed by cramming into the mouth of another, as a child is fed by its mother. (Bat. Suappin, idem).

Ngahujĕn, to strain when wishing to pass a stool.

Ngahulĕng, to beat rest, to stop from work, to pause, to be discomfitted, to be lazily disposed. To be outwitted in argument to shillishally.

Ngahunyud, sticking up in a heap. Projecting upwards like a cone.

Ngahutang, to borrow; to incur debt by borrowing.

Ngajamu, to invite people to a feast. To invite strangers to partake of refreshments. (From Arab, جَمَعَ Jama'a, to collect, to gather; subst. جَمْعُ Jam'u).

Ngajĕbléh, to project the lower lip intentionally, as if in mockery.

Ngajĕblug, to lie, to deceive, to swindle.

Ngajĕbol, done up, fatigued very much, knocked up.

Ngajĕdur, to flow with impetuosity as a flood in a river. Making a loud report or great explosion. Maryĕm na ngajĕdur bai , the cannon went off with a great explosion.

Ngajĕ1ajĕr, said of the grains of growing paddy, when the husks are gaping, which is the true moment of impregnation.

Ngajĕndil, to have an excrescence on the skin called Chĕndil. Any small projection.

Ngajĕntul, of same meaning as Ngadungkuk, remaining quiet with the head hanging down, as if in deep thought or in trouble.

Ngaji, to read religious Mohammedan books. To study. To go to the Mohammedan schools. To read. See Aji.

Ngajogo, to squat down on the hips with the knees under the arms.

Ngajuru, to be confined, to be brought to bed, to be delivered of young.

Ngala, to take, to gather, to fetch, to catch. Ngala chai, to fetch water; Ngala lauk, to catch fish. Kudu ngala suluh you must gather fire wood. Ngala buah, to gather fruit. Kami ma to daik ngala, as for me I do not wish to take any. Ngala ka bapa, to take after his father, to resemble his father.

Ngaladag, in plenty, lying about in abundance.

Ngalagĕna, to set up for one self; to establish one self.

Ngalakoän, to venture, to make an attempt. Mohal ngalakoän, that will never be the case. (Cf. Laku).

Ngalalana, to go strolling about without any good intentions. Strolling about and intent on mischief.

Ngalalĕr, to pass along, to inspect, to visit. Ari ngalaĕr ka sawah, when I go to take a look at the sawahs. Hanto ngalalĕr ka dinyo, I did not pass that way.

Ngalamar, the ceremony of asking a young girl in marriage from her parents. This is done by the parents or friends of the man, who carry, according to circumstances, a certain number of Lukuns or quids of Sĕurĕuh, when the proposals are made, and terms of marriage agreed upon. The word has probably its origin in Lambar, a leaf (of Sĕurĕuh).

Ngalamar, to eat Sĕurĕuh- same as Ngalamar, which see.

Ngalambak, lying about in numbers and in confusion. Scattered in quantities about,

Ngalampahan, to take in hand, to receive in charge; to take possession of. Ngalampahan parentah, to receive orders (to do something). Ngalampahan pagawéan, to take work in hand.

Ngalanchong, to go out on a journey, to take a stroll out. Ngalanchong ka Batawi, to go on a journey to Batavia. Ngalanchong ka lumbur batur, to take a stroll out to a neighbouring village. (Bat. Mĕlanchong, idem).

Ngalanggé, to take fish with a bag net, langgé, dipped in and out of water.

Ngalangsa, to ask pardon, to entreat forgiveness.

Ngalanjak, to take deer, kidangs, pigs or other wild animals, by setting nets among the bushes in a large semicircular shape and then driving the animals towards them, when getting entangled they may be easily shot or speared.

Ngalantaran, to commence, to have its origin; having a connection with.

Ngalāwat Saur, to ask for an explanation of some order given and not properly understood; to ask in order to get a clear understanding. The expression used by inferiors towards superiors, as we might say — „Pray Sir! how am I to understand what was just said".

Ngalēbok, to eat greedily, to guttle, to swallow eagerly.

Ngalébos, to slip into a hole by accident; to make a false step.

Ngaléd, working lazily, easily tired, giving up a matter easily as impossible; wanting energy.

Ngalédat slipped or rolled down from a height.

Ngalégor, to lie down in the open air, or in any unfit place.

Ngaléhléh, tired, exhausted.

Ngaléh-ngaléh, lying down tired or exhausted.

Ngalĕkĕb, suffocating heat and no motion in the air. Said of a still atmosphere and oppressive heat.

Ngalĕlĕp, getting entangled in boggy ground, where in the act of pulling out one foot, the other gets stuck fast. Set fast in a slough.

Ngalĕmar, to eat sĕurĕuh; a refined expression used when speaking of a person of rank. Ngalĕmbĕng, not seeing clearly, not being able to distinguish colour or appearance with sufficient clearness.

Ngalémbongan, to clear up and put in order a bit of ground or garden.

Ngalĕnjĕr, laid down at full length; stretched out when sleeping.

Ngalĕu-ĕut, to drink tea or any warm decoction. A refined expression.

Ngalĕusĕuhan, to try on for the first time; to make use of for the first time. To make trial with. Ngalĕusĕuhan samping anyar , Trying on a new cloth for the first time. Ngalĕusĕuhan pare anyar, Taking a trial of the new paddy, eating it for the first time.

Ngalĕut, to follow each other in a row; to walk in single file. To come in quick suc- cession. To proceed in a continuous or unbroken line.

Ngalĕuya, the same as ngaluya, which see.

Ngaligur, lying about in numbers and in confusion; in abundance. Lauk munding ngaligur, the buftaloe flesh was lying about in all directions.

Ngalimbung, to gather together, to congregate.

Ngaliyĕuk, to stare about. To gaze around. To look up, or on one side.

Ngalohér, stretched out at ease. Lying down carelessly any where. Ngalohér bai di saung sawah, stretched out in a sawah shed.

Ngaluat, to make a grave; to prepare for burial.

Ngaluhuran, to be in a higher position. To be in a position above some one else. (Luhur, high).

Ngalului, to cook rice in a joint of bambu, which is thrust into a fire.

Ngalumprah, showing in a heap, collected together, but rather spread out.

Ngalumpuk, collected together, piled in a heap. Ngalumpuk is more in one heap or pile than ngalumprah.

Ngalungsur, to stop, to be discharged from office or employment.

Ngalunjak, impudent, insolent, of offensive manners.

Ngaluya, in large quantities; more than can be consumed; more than one knows what to do with.

Ngambang, to float or swim in water. Said more especially of anything which lies length- ways on water, as a piece of wood, a spar, a bambu or the like.

Ngambat, to entangle another person in any dispute; to draw into our own difficulties; to complicate. To acknowledge having done some evil, or committed some crime, but not alone, as it was done in company or with connivance of some one else who is named. Ngambat ha batur, to involve our neighbours (in our own difficulties); is often to accuse falsely.

Ngambĕk, to get in a rage; to get vexed, to kick up a row. Ulah sok bĕuki ngambĕk, Don't get so easily vexed. Datang nu bogah, ngambĕk bai, when the owner came he kicked up a row.

Ngambĕuh, to smell, to get the odour of. To scent a coming event.

Ngambul, to float upwards, to come or spring up in water. Said of anything which was kept under the surface, but which now comes up. Ngamén, to go about searching for employment; a strolling workman.

Ngampar, laid out in layers; to spread out Chadas ngampar rocks which form a flooring; evenly disposed rocks in their natural position. Ngampar samak, to spread out a mat.

Ngamprah, to go beyond a usual course; to exceed limits. Chai ngamprah ka sawah, the water has risen and overflowed the sawahs. Spread out, lying in a sheet as water. Laut ngamprah bai ka barat, the sea was spread out like a sheet towards the westward.

Ngamprét, scattered in all directions; thrown about. To sprinkle.

Ngamuk, to fight furiously. To attack indiscriminately. What is called in English — "running a muck". Any violent effort made is also called ngamuk.

Ngandar, to drag, to haul along. To pull along the ground.

Nganděg, to stop, to cause to stop, to stay. Halted, stopping short in a course. Unchal na di bědil ěukěur nganděg, the deer was shot at when it halted.

Nganděl, to believe, to place confidence in, to trust.

Ngang'ah, to gape, to yawn, to hold the mouth open: gaping, open-mouthed.

Ngangkrok, without the means of going further- said of a way, road or passage which suddenly ceases in some way, and we can go no further, but must return.

Nganjang, to pay a visit, to go on a visit. Sok nganjang ka imah batur, he often goes on a visit to a neighbour's house.

Nganjian, to have connexion as beasts.

Nganjingan, to hunt with dogs—anjing. To set dogs upon anything or person. To chase out with dogs.

Ngantéh, to spin, to spin as thread. May be derived from the verb Katinawa, to spin as thread, Clough 99. See kantéh.

Ngantěp, in an excessive degree , exceedingly. Ngantěp hadé na ka kula, he was exceedingly good to me.

Ngapas, to draw breath, to inhale air.

Ngaput, to sew, to stitch with needle and thread.

Ngarabut, to pull up, to pluck out; pulled out, extracted.

Ngarachak, to melt, to dissolve and trickle down. Trickling down as water or any liquid.

Ngarah, to wish to have, to take a delight in, to desire, to covet. To di arah, I do not desire to make use of it. To ngarah, I do not want it. Ngarah sa hulu bai , I only wish for one (head or piece). Lun ngarah siji děni, I only wish for one more.

Ngarajang, to attack, to fight in battle, to tackle on. To fall to the share of, to come to the turn of. Ngarajang ka nu diga kula, when it comes to the turn of a man like me.

Ngarak, to carry a person in triumphal procession, as on occasions of marriage, circumcision etc. (Bat. idem).

Ngarakit, said of growing paddy which is already of some age, when two leaves come out together as if part of a raft, (see Rakit). The paddy in this state is also called Gedé Paré, or high Paddy.

Ngarakit, bound together in a raft. Rafted. Suluh běunang ngarakit, firewood which is bound together in a raft.

Ngaraksa, to watch, to take care of. See Raksa.

Ngarambat, to creep, especially to creep through amongst bushes or tangled jungle. To creep and twine itself up a rod , as a pea or other plant in growing.

Ngaran, name. Saha ngaran sia, what is your name. (Jav. Kw. idem. Balin. Adan).

Ngarandang, to creep, to crawl.

Ngaranděg, to stop in the course, to halt, to bring to. Said of more than one. Derived from Anděg which see. Bědul ngaranděg di sisi humah, the pigs halted on the verge of the paddy plantation.

Ngarangké, to get up any place, to climb.

Ngarangsang, climbing up against. Said of the sun as it draws towards noon. Mata poi gěus ngarangsang, the sun is climbing up on high — say from 11 to 12 o'Clock A.M.

Ngaranjap, to kill an animal, as a buffaloe, for sale of the flesh.

Ngarara, to twist and twirl any fibre into a string; said especially of Haramai.

Ngarasa, to feel, to be conscious of; to have a pleasure in ; to be pleased with. (See Rasa).

Ngarawidil, with the end sticking up, where it ought not Projecting and out of order. Confusedly; not ship -shape.

Ngarayap, to creep, to crawl on all fours.

Ngarérét, to look askance, or from the corner of the eye.

Ngarěumběui, in seasons of scarcity of food, to mix maize or fruit with a little boiled rice, so as to make it go far.

Ngarěuněuhan, to get with child, to cause to be pregnant.

Ngarěuntěut, to settle down, to sodden together. To become compressed together, as a heap or pile of any light matter, as paddy, grass etc. after it has been heaped up for a short time. Collapsed.

Ngari, to have a surplus, something remaining over; a remainder. To ngari, nothing was left.

Ngarilěs, the plural of Ngilěs. Jělěma gěus ngarilěs kabéh, all the men have sneaked away.

Ngarinduk, bending over, curving downwards. Ngarinduk daun a term applied to young growing paddy, when it is so large as to admit the leaves to bend downwards.

Ngaringkěl, curled up, twisted in a circle, crimpled together, coiled up in aheap as a man wrapped up in his Samping and lying down.

Ngaringkuk, being quiet but troubled in spirit. Sitting moping in troubles.

Ngaro-él, to play and dance with the small angklungs.

Ngaroknok, said of the feathers of birds which come out after moulting. The stumpy points of feathers just beginning to sprout. Ngaronjang, about to ascend, on the point of springing up.

Ngarosa, to be violent, to use great exertion; to do anything on a large scale.

Ngaruyuk, to have intercourse with women slily in the jungle. See Ruyuk.

Ngasěuk, to sow seed, especially paddy seed, by dibbling it into the ground. To sow paddy seed in the humahs, viz. by making a hole in the hard ground with a bluntly pointed stick, and then dropping a few grains into such hole.

Ngasin, said of animals which seek salt licks. Said of animals snuffling after salt. Said of men who run after women.

Ngasir, to tear or furrow up the earth as a buffaloe does with his horns. To scratch up the earth with the horn.

Ngasuh, to nurse a little child. To hold such a child in the arms and swing it about.

Ngatiga, to make sawahs in the dry season, in swampy lands, which in the rainy season are to deep in water. See Katiga.

Ngaur, to make a loud report. To go with a great bang. Maryěm na ngaur bai di sada, the cannon went off with a loud explosion.

Ngawadang, to eat cold rice, the leavings of a regular meal.

Ngawakwak, to keep chattering, to keep talking, to keep quacking.

Ngawalajar, to plough sawahs for the first time when preparing for planting. When ploughed a second time, which is always the case, the operation is called Ngěwělěd.

Ngawali, said of paddy which when planted does not yield a new grain, bearing exactly the same peculiarities as that planted. Said of forest which, when cut down, does not, on growing again, produce the same trees as the primeval forest so destroyed. Change in vegetation.

Ngawělit, to make atap thatch, by tying the leaves on the Jějalon stick. Kirai loba kudu ngawělit, there is lots of Kirai, so make atap thatch.

Ngawěrěgan, to drive fish or game into nets or enclosures in order to catch them.

Ngawih, to sing. See Kawih.

Ngawin, to marry. To carry spears in procession. See Kawin.

Ngawujuk, to coax, to flatter, to chouse.

Ngawuruk, to instruct, to teach in any department of knowledge, as well regarding religion, as any other matter.

Ngayar, said of a sound which is heard at a great distance.

Ngayuh, to use Jampé or incantations to obtain other people's luck. The expression and the incantation are often used as applied to growing crops of paddy, when a man uses incantations, so that the grain of a neighbour is mysteriously transferred to his own paddy. A very pretty little bit of hocus-pocus.

Ngěbedah, to open new sawahs. To convert land into sawahs by bringing a stream of water upon it, and then laying out the terraces.

Ngěbléh, giving up in dispair, giving up as a bad job. Said of anything which has been attempted but dropped again unfinished. Ngěblěk, accumulating in quantity. Heaped up against anything.

Ngěbréd, lively and active—said of an old venerable man.

Ngěbul, rising as smoke or dust, curling upwards. Nyiěup sěuněuh těulěui hasěup na ngěbul, blowing at the fire, the smoke immediately curled upwards. Ngěbul also means having great pretentions but ending in smoke or doing nothing. Making great fuss and preparations, but having no desirable result.

Ngéchéchés, small and bad; dwarf and puny.

Ngěchěrěk, said of light but constantly dripping rain.

Ngěděng, lying down reclining, reposing, lying at ease. Streched out on a sofa, bed or any other convenience.

Ngěgrit, to go out a shooting in a Pedaty or cart—especially done when in quest of deer, which will often stand gazing at a Pedaty and buffaloes coming among them, till the person in the cart can get a shot at them.

Ngéhkéh, a frequent and troublesome cough; to keep constantly coughing huskily.

Ngějat, to spring on one side, to jump aside, as a man or animal, to get out of the way, or from fear.

Ngějěbol, knocked up, broken down with fatigue. Kuda na ngějěbol, the horse is knocked up.

Ngékchělékan, to fall down drop by drop, as water or other liquids.

Ngékés, to gather up fruit which has fallen from the tree, especially coffee under the bushes. The idea is taken from the jungle squirrel Kékés, which feeds upon fruits.

Ngělak, to keep singing without intermission; to be continually singing. To yelp. When this word is used, it indicates somewhat of displeasure towards the person singing, as if we did not admire his singing but were bored by it. Salak, Marsden Page 158 to bark, to yelp, has no doubt the same origin. Budak téa ngelak bai sapěupěuting, the young man did nothing but yelp the whole night through.

Ngělar, to go abroad and show yourself, as a great man or a Sovereign.

Ngělěguk, to take a draught of any liquid. To drink in gulps.

Ngělěkěm, to lay hold of, to put your hands upon.

Ngélékéték, to tickle, to have the sensation of being tickled.

Ngělěwong, said of a hole which gapes down into the earth. To yawn as a chasm. Liang ngělěwong bai ka handap, a hole which yawns downwards.

Ngělik, is in a smaller degree what ngěluk is in a larger one. Churuk ngěluk chinggir ngělik, the forefinger doubled up, and the little finger twirled upwards—an expression applied to the bending of the points of the fingers towards the palm of the hand. Or perhaps ngěluk is said of something which is stout and strong, whereas ngělik applied to something small or weak.

Ngělis, to put on the headhandkerchief neatly, by arranging the borders elegantly and smoothly, as young men do when they wish to make themselves agreeable to their chiefs or sweethearts. Ngĕluk, bending or curving, especially downwards. Tunduh bai ngĕluk, he was fast asleep with his head hanging downwards. See ngĕlik, above.

Ngĕmblĕng, said of water which rises to a level even surface behind a dam, without current or fall.

Ngénchréng, the sound or jingle of money. Tĕulĕui ngénchĕréng bai, he immediately rattled out the money.

Ngéndong, to visit, to go to a neighbours house.

Ngéngé, a dwarf palm wild in forest, Pinanga costata. It resembles the Bingbing.

Ngĕngkui, to walk in succession; to follow one by one, as natives do.

Ngĕngkulan, to overlook, to overhang; to have in one's power.

Ngĕntĕng, in a straight direction. In an uninterrupted straight line.

Ngĕpak, to flap or clap the wings, as a cock does when he crows.

Ngĕpĕr, to shake, to quiver, to be agitated.

Ngĕrĕb, to take shelter, to go to shade.

Ngĕrĕbĕt, constant dripping of rain. Hujan sa pĕupĕuting ngĕrĕbĕt bai, the rain has kept dripping all night long.

Ngĕrĕs, feeling hurt in spirit, troubles in mind. Vexed, distressed, afflicted.

Ngĕrĕs, having sand or anything gritty on it; said of clothes or a mat which have sand or dust on them.

Ngĕrĕwidil, projecting, sticking out in rough unworkmanlike way. Said of split bambu work, or any work made of sticks or other light materials which project, and have a jagged rough edge. (See Ngarawidil).

Ngésér, to shift gently, to move by degrees; to shove along.

Ngĕuhngĕuh, soft, easily cut.

Ngĕumbing, to creep along under anything which overhangs and by which we hold, as along the side of a roof, by holding on to, or hanging from the rafters. Figuratively—-to put oneself under the protection of another person in authority.

Ngĕunah, comfortable, pleading to the sensations, delightful, easy. Pleasant tasted. Ngĕunah chiching di lumbar éta, it is delightful residing in that village. Buah éta to ngĕunah, that fruit is not pleasant to eat. Pagawéan ngĕunah, easy work.

Ngĕurad, to drag water with a large net in order to catch fish.

Ngéwé, mulierem subire.

Ngĕwĕk-ngiwĕk, whining, crying effeminately.

Ngéwél, to lay hold of. To lay hands or paws on.

Ngĕwĕlĕd, to plough sawahs for the second time—the first time ploughing being called Ngawalajar.

Ngibing, to dance to Ronggéngs or public dancing girls. To make postures in accompaniment with Ronggéngs.

Ngichap, to wink with the eye, to make signs to any one by winking.

Ngichilik, to walk away without diverging to the right or left. Ngichilik bai turut jalan gědé, 7 and straightways he followed the main road.

Ngigěl, to strut and show oneself with pride. To make postures as in native dancing To fling the arms about and turn a pirouette. The strutting of a peacock.

Ngiji, to become one, from the word Siji, one. This word is applied to the constant rain which falls during the northwest monsoon, when it keeps dripping day and night. Musim ngiji, the rainy season, from December to March.

Ngiklak, cut and hanging open like a wound. A piece of flesh hanging down from the result of a wound from some cutting instrument.

Ngilěs, to slip out of the way, to disappear, to sneak away. Ulah sok běuki ngilěs, don't be always trying to sneak off.

Ngili, to hide oneself, to skulk, to be concealed. Ka mana ngili na, where has he hide himself.

Ngilu, to follow, to go after. See Ilu.

Ngimpi, to dream.

Ngingonan, to feed a man. to supply with provisions; to provide with food and the requisites for daily life including Sěurěuh and its accompaniments.

Nginjěum, to borrow. (Cf. Mai. Pinjam).

Ngirik, to rub paddy grains from the straw by trampling on it with the feet, for the purpose of planting in the humahs.

Ngirim, a modification of Kirim to send—to entrust to the care of another person, to entrust, to recommend to another's care. To send; sent.

Ngiring'ih, laughing and at the same time showing the teeth. Grinning. Pakarang na ngiringih bai di taněuh, his weapon laid grinning (out of the sheath) on the ground.

Ngisěr, to move, to cause to change place. Ngisěr! move up, shove up.

Ngiwat, to run away with a woman. To elope.

Ngiwi, mulierem subire. The same as Ngéwé.

Ngochor, to run as water, to flow. Chai ngochor ka susukan, the water runs into the canal. See Bochor.

Ngoda, useless, of no use; labour in vain. Uninhabited- said of a tract of country without inhabitants.

Ngohkok, a frequent and troublesome cough; constantly coughing aloud. In a larger degree what ngéhkéh is in a smaller one.

Ngojai, to swim, to float in water.

Ngoko, the rough or vulgar dialect of the Javanese language, as contradistinguished from the Krama or refined. The Ngoko is used by a man of higher rank towards an inferior, who must use the Krama or refined language in return.

Ngokoh, to have plenty without trouble, particularly in eating; to glut yourself.

Ngolétrak, to become exposed, uncovered by water; said of the bed of a river or its stones so exposed, when the water is dammed off into a canal.

Ngolong, to make love, as the young native men do to their sweethearts, by going to their houses, generally at night. Probably derived from Kolong, the space under a native house where they may conveniently secrete themselves and hold conversation with the young maid occupying a snug corner in her father's house.

Ngombongan, to take fish in an enclosure built up in the water with wicker work and stones. A man perched in a tree above, holds a string whereby he can raise a bit of netting across the hole by which the fish have entered, when they can be secured.

Ngomong, to talk over, to converse, to hold conversation.

Ngompos, to put unripe plantains, wrapped up in leaves, into a hole in the earth, where it is dry, as under a house, in order to ripen them quickly. Plantains buried also in bran in the same way soon ripen.

Ngongkong, to put out work to be done by others.

Ngopépang, throwing the arms about as in oratory; to gesticulate. Flinging the arms about when hard at work. Sometimes heard as Nyopépang.

Ngopi, to drink coffee, to take coffee- from kopi, coffee.

Ngora, young, juvenile. Fresh, weak in substance; diluted.

Ngorakěn, to begin again, to renew; to dilute; to render weak by mixture.

Ngorok, to snore from the bottom of the throat, especially when the throat is encumbered with phlegm.

Ngoroyo, said of a person who unasked comes and joins at a meal; intruding yourself at meal- times.

Ngosér, to move one's place while sitting or crouched on the ground, as natives do. To wriggle along.

Ngowod, to eat ravenously. To do anything with eagerness and energy.

Ngoyos, to weed a sawah. To pull out the weeds in a sawah. To clean a sawah by pulling out the weeds, and scratching the mud between the young growing paddy, with the fingers.

Nguběk-uběk, to trample about, to wander backwards and forwards on the same place; to tread down anything, as paddy or grass by so wandering about.

Ngudupruk, falling or tripping against. Tripped up by stumbling against.

Ngukui, to scoop out, to scratch out a hole in the ground, as many wild animals do. To burrow.

Ngukupan, to prepare scented ointments or essences by a process of distillation.

Ngukut, to bring up an orphan. To bring up another person's child.

Ngulah, to wallow, as buffaloes, in a muddy hole.

Nguliwa, warped, as a beam or plank.

Nguluwung, deep as the bed of a river. Said of a ravine which has cut deep into the surface of the land.

Ngumbara, to remove to another part of the country; to roam. See Umbara.

Ngumun, to pay respect to; to hold in awe, to venerate.

Ngunduh, to gather the fruit from a tree, by taking off the whole crop. Daik ngunduh jambu, I am going to gather in all the fruit from the Jambu tree.

Ngunglon, to do as a Bunglon or Chameleon. To deceive by changing appearance. To trim conduct according to circumstances.

Ngunjung, to pay a visit; to make a visit of ceremony.

Ngunjungan, to make obeisance to a great man, by creeping towards his feet and touching them with the folded hands, as natives do towards their chiefs.

Ngupat, to speak bad of people behind their backs; to scandalize. To defame.

Ngurus and ngurusan, to have care of. To look after. To put in order. To arrange.

Ngusur, to bribe, to give a douceur.

Ngutil, to pluck fruit which first comes ripe. The first of a crop of fruit.

Nguyang, to go in search of food among the neighbours, especially in the season of scarcity, by carrying some trifles, as fruit, firewood or the like, to exchange for paddy or rice. This nguyang system is also half begging.

Nguyung, ill and weakly; labouring under protracted sickness; lingering with any disease, neither dying outright nor getting better.

Ni, an epithet for a native woman already of some age, and may somewhat correspond with our Mrs., madam; it is the short for Nyai which see. Ni mandor, the wife of the mandor, or Mrs. Mandor. The term is not so respectful as when spoken more at length and pronounced clearly Nyai.

Nigang, said of a woman's head which has been nicely dressed, well combed and stuck full of flowers or other ornaments.

Ni-is, to cool oneself. To sit in a cool place. (From Ti-is, Bal. Tis, cold).

Nikah, arabic, nuptials, the rites or ceremonies of marriage. Geus nikah, they have gone through the marriage ceremony (before the priest). (نكاح Nikáh, congressus venerens; matrimonium).

Nikěs, to snap, to break short. To break the stem of a tender plant so that it hangs towards the ground without being actually separated.

Nil, the river Nile. The Sunda people hear of the Nils and Měsir or Egypt and Grand Cairo, from the pilgrims to Mecca.

Nila, the Indigo dye, the prepared Indigo dye. The plant is called Tarum. Nila, C. 330, the colours blue, black and green.

Nilěm, name of a white coloured fish in stagnant waters. Rohita Hasseltii.

Nilěm, Talinga. The Sapphire stone. (Nila, Skr. Sapjihire).

Nimbal, to present itself, to come forward. May often be translated by—and then. Lamun kaběněran nimbal ka nu hadé, if it so happens that a good one presents itself. Nimbal děui to pěupěuli měun daik ěurěun di gawé, and then he did not say that he wished to stop from working.

Ninchak, to tread upon, to set foot on. Ulah ninchak ka dinyo, do not tread upon that spot. Ninchak ka nu goréng, coming amongst what is bad. (Mai. Inchak id). id). ِNindak, to set out on a journey, to start. Tachan daik nindak, he has not yet started. (Tindak, Jav. Kr. hinggil: to go; to set out on a journey, to start).

Nindih, to lie upon, to be superincumbent. Paré anyar nindih kaparé kolot, the new paddy lies upon the old paddy. See Tindih and Tindihkěn. (Mai. تنده tindih, to lay upon each other, to press upon a thing. Jav. tindih, to be superior. Cf. tindis, Mai., Batav., the same as tindih).

Ning, a constructive and possessive particle used in the formation of sentences; it has often the power of- of, with, for, by. It is the same as ing, and king, and after a consonant at the end of the preceding word becomes ing which see. Hadé ning jélěma, by the goodness of man. Sa rata ning taněuh, off even with the ground. Rasa ning goréng. It has a bad appearance. (Compare also ring, Kawi, Jav., of same meaning).

Ninggal, deceased, dead; a respectful expression. (Tinggal, Měninggal, Mal. Jav. Bal. idem).

Ninggang, to come in contact with, to attain to. To fall to each man's share. Chai na mohal ninggang ka sampalan éta, the water will not flow out upon that plain. Padati na di bawa lumpat ka lando, ninggang ka kayu, the cart being run away with downhill, came in contact with a tree. Ninggang di dalam sa orang sa téngah rupiya, every man had got to pay half a rupee; or, what fell to each man's share, was half a rupee.

Ninggur, to beot and tep round the fruit stem of a kawung palm in order to prepare it for yielding toddy.

Ning'o, to know, a careless and indifferent manner of expressing yourself. To ningo, don't know.

Ningrat, of the world or country. A term frequently occurring in the names of Javanese princes and nobles.

Nini, grandmother; a term of respect for any old woman. (نينكء, Nene', Mal., grandfather; neněk parampuwan, grandmother. Nini, Jav., an old woman; grandmother. At Bali also title of female deities. Reduplication of Ni, which see.)

Nipah, name of a palm tree growing in swampy places, generally near the sea shore. Nipa fruticans, the leaves of which are used much for ataps or thatch. (Mal. نيڨه, Nipah).

Nira, you, thou; a term of disparagement. (Stands to ira in Kawi as ning to ing; sira, Kawi, is the unconnected pronoun, ira, and nira connected with the preceding noun).

Nirajim, Ar. punishment; see Rajim and Irajim, of which Nirajim appears to be some corruption. (رجم, rajama, lapidibus obruit et occidit; رجيم, rajím, lapidibus obrutus, Satanas).

Nisab, Ar. sufficiently large or plentiful to pay Jěkat or the priest's dues. (نصاب niçabon, radix, principium; property, from which a tribute is to be paid.)

Nista, a word used to denote sufficient warning, in following form of words. Nista, maja, utama, the natives having the idea that three warnings ought to be given before punishment is due, and the three warnings are denominated as above. Nishta, CI. 333 end, conclusion, completion, as if at the first warning punishment was due, but out of consideration or compassion of great men, warning was still given. See maja and utama. (Nishta, Sct. means the lowest degree, maja, Sct. madhya, the middle one, utama, Sct. uttama, the highest degree. These words are at Bali applied to the casts, a Sudra being nishta, a Waiçya madhya, the Kshattriye uttama, the Brahman at last ning uttama, higher than the highest. Fr.).

Nitah, to order, to give command. Nitah ngala chai, order to fetch water. (Mal. titah, id.)

Nitih, to mount, to get upon, as a horse, carriage, or any conveyance. Said only of men of high rank. (Balin. idem. From Sct. nî to lead, níti, leading).

Nitir, to strike the village drum in a peculiar way so as to sound an alarm when some accident has taken place. To sound an alarm. (Jav. titir, to strike the rice-blocks, as a signal.)

Nitis, to boil sugar, to evaporate the water till the sugar forms; to granulate. (Jav. titis, to drop, to fall in drops.)

Niyat, Ar. intention, design, purpose, premeditation, vow. To niyat, I have no intention. Niyat ka Batawi, I purpose going to Batavia. (Ar. نِيَّةٌ niyyat, intentio, animi propositum).

Niyata, ascertained, certain, evident, true. Niyata, C. 325, ascertained, certain, true, fixed, appointed. (Sct. Niyata, checked, restrained. But Malay پات nyáta, evident, clear, visible; Sct. jnyáta.)

Niyĕun, to do, to make, to construct. Niyĕun imah, to construct a house. Niyĕun kuéh, to make a cake, or any pastry. Niyĕun pigatiĕun, to make difficulties, to cause trouble.

Niyĕung, to see, to behold; To niyĕung, I cannot see. Sia niyĕung manuk éta, do you see that bird?

Nobos, slipped through, forced a way through, broken through. Bĕdul nobos pagĕr humah, the pig has forced away through the fence of the humah. Nobos pagĕr also means in general by way of simile—exceeding what you ought to do,—going beyond your authority,—presuming where you have no right. (Batav. Mal. Noblos and Lolos.)

Nod, the feel of a weight in the hand when wishing to ascertain an idea of such weight. Nod na lain dĕui, its weight felt otherwise.

No-él, to touch anything slightly; to poke at with the end of the finger, or a bit of stick or the like.

Noh, Ar. the Patriarch Noah.

Nok, name for a child. An affectionate term for an infant. (Nok applied to female children, tong to male ones, but only by the next relations. Fr.)

Nona, Portuguese, a miss, a young lady, an unmarried young woman either European or Chinese. Nona lěutik, the small miss. Nona gěus gědé, the young lady is grown up.

Nona, as buah nona, annona reticulata, name of a fruit, called in vulgar English „a bullock's heart." Anona, C. 32, the custard apple,—which in Java is called the Siri kaya, and is the annona squamosa, so that the name on Java of Nona has been wrongly applied, and both have very likely been introduced from India.

Nonggar, said of a tree of which the roots grow along the surface of the ground; evident, not concealed. Nonggar těuyn kalakuan sia, your conduct is too evident—it is too clearly seen what you are about.

Nonggéng, cowering down, squatting down with the back curved; squatting down with the back turned towards any one; sometimes a mark of respect to a great man implying that the party is not worthy to even look upon him. (Jav. Bat. Jungking, Jěngking, Menjěnking idem. But not with respect to a high person).

Nonggérak, exposed to view, not covered up. Patent.

Nonggong, with the back set against anything. Nonggong ka na kayu éta, with your back to that tree. See Tonggong.

Nongkob, to cover in the ridges of a roof, with thatch &c.

Nonjol, to be startled, to make a bolt, as a horse or other animal; to start from its place, as a beam of wood or bar of iron in any structure.

Nonton, to go and see, especially to see a sight To see a festival going on, Ronggéngs dancing or the like. (Batav. idem. According to Crawfurd Jav.)

Nontot, to stick out, to project, to extend beyond. (Batav. idem.)

No-ong, to peep, to look at slyly. To look at but avoid being seen.

Noron, without intermission, constantly, Sawah éta noron bai onggël tahun di sambut ku kula, that sawah I make every year without intermission.

Notog, struck with the end of any thing, as a bit of wood. Pushed endways on. Impinged.

Noyod, without intermission, unceasingly.

Nu, who, which, that which. Jélěma nu jangkung, a man who is tall. Tangkal nu luhur, a tree which is high.

Nua, the same as Nuba, vide voce.

Nuar, to dye thread. Sambara nuar, dying ingredients, especially when preparing to dye read with changkudu.

Nuaran, to cut down trees, to fell trees, see Tuar.

Nuba, to take fish by stupifying them with the juice of the root of a plant called Tuba, which see.

Nubruk, to throw oneself upon amany ilan in order to catch it; to make a rush at and snatch. To seize unawares.

Nuhun, submissive, grateful; a very lowly and humble term of admittance or acknowledgment, made by an inferior to a superior. To entreat, to beg. Kula nuhun dahar, I entreat something to eat. (Jav. Suhun or Suwun—Kuwun). Nujum, Ar. necromancy, astrology. (نَجْمٌ, plur. نُجُومٌ, stars; نجوم is also ortus stellae, and conspicuitas).

Numbuk, to butt with the head, to thump, to beat hard. (Mal. تمبق, tumbuk, id. Jav. tumbuk, to beat against a thing, to run against it; to concur, said of two facts occuring at the same time. Fr.)

Numpang, to be accommodated (as with a passage in a vessel, with lodging on a journey or with the transport of goods.) To go along with, or under the protection of some one else. (Malay, Batav. idem. Also to be lodged in anothers house.)

Nun, yes, a very respectful expression of assent It may be a contraction of nuhun, which see, or of nuna, C. 338, certainly, truly, veritably, indubitably. Kula nun, I with respect; your humble servant; kula nun inggih, I with respect say yes. (Nuna in Clough is Sct. nûnam; the corruption of the word on Java not being likely, I derive nun from nuhun, having also the same meaning. Fr.)

Nunchĕb, said of any thing, as a stake of wood, which is stuck fast and upright in any substance, as in water, or in mud. Fallen headformost. Kayu gĕdé nunchĕb di rancha, a large piece of wood stuck fast in a swamp. Also said of anything falling direct down upon the ground; Ragrag nunchĕb ka tanĕuh, he fell headforemost on the ground. (Batav. nanchĕb, which is not found in the Malay and Javan. dictionaries.)

Nundutan, being sleepy, inclined to go to sleep. Dozing, half asleep; napping.

Nunggak, to stick up or out like the stump of a tree. To remain over. To be in surplus. (Tunggak, Jav. Bat. the stem or stump of a tree below the branches).

Nunggal, alone, separate, distinct, independent. (Tunggal, Jav. Mal. idem.)

Nunggul, left like the stump of a tree, from which the shade of the branches has been ruthlessly removed. See Tunggul. Desolate and alone, destitute.

Nunggul-pinang, left like the stump of the pinang tree. Said of a person who has no relations left, an entire orphan.

Nungguluk, showing in a large mass; looming large in the distance.

Nungtĕk, perpendicular, bolt upright.

Nunia, Mrs., a title given to European and Chinese married women. (Bat.; pronounced nyo-nya; of Portuguese origin.)

Nunjang, course, direction, current, said of waters or rivers—flow towards. Chai kabéh nunjang ngulon, all the rivers flow towards the west. Chai éta ka mana nunjang na, whither does that river flow. (Jav. To run against any thing.)

Nunjukul, high and round, bluff- as ground elevated and round at the top.

Nurgaha, prosperity, affluence. (Sct. Anugraha, commonly corrupted to nugraha, favour, furthering; in the Archipel it means commonly favour of the deity, whereof prosperity is the result. Fr.)

Nurjaya, name of a hill on Jasinga Estate, which forms one of the boundary marks with Bantam, called Gunung Nurjaya. Mr. Friederich thinks the word is derived from Nri-jaya, which being a sound difficult for Polynesians to pronounce, they have transformed it into Nurjaya. Nri is the most simple form of Nara, man, in Sanscrit, as there is Nripati for Narapati , lord of men.

Narapati, Clough 311 , from Nara , a man, and Pati, a lord , a king, a sovereign. Nra Clough 344, a man, individually or collectively, mankind. Narapati, Clough 344, one of the names of Kuvera, the Indian god of riches; a king, a sovereign. On the Gunung Nurjaya exists, cut upon a rock in situ, the mark of a man's foot, which may perhaps help to show that the Nur applies to Nara, a man. Nurjaya will then mean „the triumphant man." (This might be also a sign of Buddhism formerly prevailing. Fr.)

Nusa , an island. This appellation is given to many small islands throughout the Eastern Archipelago and may probably be of Sanscrit origin , as it is similar to the Greek Nesos , an island. The word rarely occurs in the Sunda , but is still heard in old accounts of the first arrival of Europeans , who are said to have come to Nusa Kalapa, or the islands at the mouth of the Tangerang River, or the Chisidani. (See Sunda Kalapa, also Kambangan for Nusakambangan . Nusa Antara, the ancient name of the island of Madura.See Raffles vol.2.page 92. Antara , C. 33 , within , between , amongst , also without , outside — and may have been called so from either dividing the Java sea , at the east end of Java , or from lying outside of the main land of Java. Antaraya, C. 33, an obstacle, an impediment, Antaripa, C. 33, an island.

Nutu, to beat or pound out rice from the straw in the village rice blocks.

Nuturkĕn, to follow , to track , to chase.

Nuwa , see Nua.

Nya , yes , indeed , verily , it is true. Is it true ? Nya tah sia maling kotok ? Is it true you stole the fowls? Nya bai gĕus undur , indeed he has gone away.

Nya- ah feeling affection for, having compassion for. Regret to make use of— or destroy. Compunction. Budak sok nya — ah ka indung na ya child has affection for its mother. Nya-ah amat ka nu di gĕbugan, to feel great compassion for those who are flogged. Naun, to nya-ah ka banda batur , what have no regret , (or compunction) in destroying another , man's property. To nja-ah ka kuda , he has no compassion for his horse.

Nyabrang, to go across a river or any piece of water. Hayang nyabrang , I want to go across the river. Nyabrang lautan , to cross the seas.

Nyabur , to splash or swim in water.

Nyachag, to chop or cut up to hack , to cut with a weapon.

Nyachas , clear, defined , distinctly related , intelligible. Jélĕma éta nyachas amat , that man tells an intelligible story.

Nyadap , to tap palm trees , especially the kawung palm in order to extract the toddy , and from it to boil down the sugar ; to make jagory sugar from palm wine.

Nyadak, It can't be true! you joke! impossible! you don't say so! to talk at random; to talk vauntingly. Nyah-nyah-nyoh-nyoh, pouting the mouth out like a monkey.

Nyaho, to know. To nyaho. I do not know. Saha nu nyaho, who knows. Nyaho bai ari daik pěupěuli, he knows well enough if he will tell. Nya, C. 215 wisdom, knowledge. (Nya in Clough is from Sct. jnyá, to know, which is known in Kawi. Fr.)

Nyai, an epithet for a married native woman corresponding with our Mrs. Nyai Děmang, the Demang's wife, Mrs. Demang. This designation of Nyai is always given to native (Javanese not Chinese) women who cohabit with Europeans. A mistress.

Nyai Stomi , one of the Pusaka or heirloomguns of Java, still preserved in a Paséban on the alun-alun of the Kraton of Solo , and honored with much respect. Stomi is probably Sthama, (C. 775), strength, power, become Sthami, or feminine, to correspond with Nyai or mistress. Sthami is made Sthomi according to the peculiarity of the Javanese language which changes the a into o. Nyai Sthomi, is thus the "powerful mistress". The other two heirloomguns of Java were Si amuk and Guntur gěni , belonging to Cheribon and Bantam, but whether they still exist, enquiry has failed to show. (Stomi seems to be no native or Hindu word.)

Nyaiěr, to take fish with a basket; especially when the rivers are flooded, when the fish can be caught in a basket by dipping it in turbid spots near the edge, where the current is slack. This is much done by women.

Nyaiěr, a shrill, loud voice or sound heard at a distance. Said of the neighing of a horse.

Nyalahan, mistaken, something done by mistake or error. Derived from salah, wrong.

Nyalédat, sloped off. Cut slopingly. To fall or slip down an inclined plain.

Nyaliksik, to scratch oneself among the hair for lice; to scratch the head for whatever of filth may be found there. This is done by oneself; when done by another it is - disaliksikan.

Nyaliktik, to seek , to peep or look after.

Nyalindung, to conceal, to hide oneself, Lina. C. 608, hidden, concealed. Nyalindung di pipir imah, to conceal oneself at the side of the house. Nyalindung dijěro rujuk, hidden among the bushes. (Lina in Sct. has a very different meaning, from that given by CI., and lindung can not be derived from Lina. But we have lindung, shelter, shade, hiding-place; Mal. Batav. Fr.)

Nyalisib, to hit on the edge and glance off; to graze. Pélor na nyalisib kana kai, the ball hit and glanced of the tree.

Nyambut, to take in hand. To perform any work. Nyambut sawah, to work a sawah, Nyambut pagawéan nyusuk, to take in hand the work of canal cutting. (Jav. idem)

Nyampak, to meet, to encounter, to find on arriving. Nyampak di lěuwěung, to meet in the forest. Kula datang gěus teu nyampakan, when I came I saw or found nothing of it.

Nyampal, to graze as cattle. To crop grass as a ruminant animal.

Nyampal Badak, literally the rhinoceros grazing — the evening star. Nyamplung, name of a tree which gives a ropy clammy sap or gum, and has a white flower. Calophyllum inophyllum of the family of Guttiferae. Gives also an oil.

Nyamur, to become invisible, to disappear, to vanish. (Jav. Samur, Nyamur, to take a disguise, for the purpose of being not known.)

Nyana, knowledge, perception, feeling or idea. This word does not perhaps occur alone, but is used in To nyana, I should not have thought it, I should not have had an idea of it. In Malay they say Tra' nyana, with the same meaning. See Panyana. Nyana, C. 215, wisdom, understanding, intelligence, knowledge, religious knowledge, such as is acquired by the reading and study of the sacred books. It resembles the Gnothi, know thou, of the Greek, and is not far from the English know. (Sct. Jnyâna, knowledge; from jnyâ, to know, which is really the same root as gno in gi-gno-sco in Greek, gno in co-gno-sco, a-gno-sco etc. and know in English. Fr.)

Nyandĕr, to spring at and bite as a snake does. (At Batavia said of a growling dog, wanting to bite).

Nyanding, reclining against, in close contact with. Kapanggih ĕukĕur nyanding ka tangkal kalapa, I met him whilst reclining against a cocoa nut tree. Nyanding imah, it is close to the house (even without actually touching it). See Tanding. (Jav. Bat. (Javanese characters) sanding, next to, to the side of).

Nyandung, to marry a second wife whilst still married to a first one. To take a second wife.

Nyang'ĕrok, unable to go further, shoved hard up, as a boat against the shore or the like.

Nyanggatul, confused or foiled in speech or argument. Not able to proceed with the thread of a story.

Nyanggigirkĕn, to set on its edge. (Jav. gĕgĕr or gigir, edge, side.)

Nyang'krok, something wanting, some deficiency, which is not properly accounted for. A debt which is not all properly cleared off; unsettled. Caught, entangled. Owoh nu purah njang'krok sakali, there was none which remained unpaid or unsettled.

Nyangsang, caught, stuck fast, detained, got entangled. Duit éta owoh nu purah nyangsang ayĕunah, none of the money is now detained. Kayu di palidkĕn di chai, nyangsang di bojong, the wood which was floated down the river, has stuck fast on a small island.

Nyangsaya, sloping, with a gentle slope or inclination.

Nyantok, to bite as a snake or fish. To snap at as either a snake or fish does.

Nyarahkĕn, to surrender, to deliver up. Nyarahkĕn manéh, to surrender himself.

Nyarandé, leaning back, reclining. Nyarandé di tihang imah, he was reclining (or leaning back) against a pillar of the house.

Nyarang, to implore or pray to God for a change in the weather, either for rain or dryness, when the reverse is prevailing to the prejudice of cultivation.

Nyari, to have a remainder, to remain over, a remnant. To nyari, there was nothing left. Nyaring, awake, not asleep; with the eyes open. On the watch.

Nyaru, disguised, clothed otherwise than usual in order not to be recognized.

Nyata or niyata, manifest, clear, evident, conspicuous. Nyata, C. 215, known, apprehended, understood. (Sct. jnyâta, known. See nyana).

Nyatu, to eat. To eat into or wear away. Nyatu kejo, to eat boiled rice. Nyatu gula titipan, to eat sugar which has been entrusted to one's care; to break one's engagements; to violate trust reposed in one. To violate a woman who has been entrusted to our care. Huntu panggilingan nyatuan, the teeth of the mill are wearing away. (The vulgar word for to eat.)

Nyawa, life, soul, the breath of life. This word occurs in Jampés, and is most probably the same as Nya, C. 215, with the constructive wa added to it; wisdom, knowledge; one of the appellations of Buddha. Séngyang wisésa huriping nyawa, Sengyang wisésa the cherisher of wisdom, or the one who causes the soul to live. (Wa is no constructive particle, but belongs to the root, which there seems to be little doubt to be Sct. jîwa, life. From jnyâna, jnyâta, corrupted we saw nyana and nyâta; somewhat similarly, but not quite analogous, nyawa might be from jîwa. Compare nyâla, Mal. to jwâla, Sct. flame. Fr.)

Nyawah, to work a sawah; to plant rice on irrigated land.

Nyĕbit, to encroach upon the property or territory of another; to go beyond our own proper limits. To appropriate slyly what does not rightly belong to us.

Nyéyag, to snap as a dog. (Bat. idem.)

Nyĕkĕl, to hold, to have charge of. See Chĕkĕl.

Nyéla-bumi, a direction differing from the cardinal points. Not pointing due East, West, North or South, but to some intermediate direction, as S. W., N. E. &c. Imah na nyéla-bumi, his house is not in a cardinal direction,—which is thought improper and unlucky. The ridge poles of all native houses are or ought to run East and West. (Çilâ Sct., the timber of a door frame; a transverse beam, or a beam or stone placed across the top of a post or pillar. From çilâ might come nyéla!? Fr.)

Nyĕlap, inserted, stuck in between something else. Lost by being mixed with other matters.

Nyĕléké, to shove oneself into some opening where the body can hardly pass. To creep or crawl into a small opening.

Nyělĕsĕp, to creep quietly and slyly into any place. To introduce oneself slyly.

Nyĕmbah, to go down upon the knees, to salute a superior; to cower down and salute. To make obeisance. (Jav. Mal. sĕmbah, idem. Sĕmbah hyang, to adore the deity. A faultive reading or pronouncing is sumbah, the same u is improperly found in the name of the island Sumbawa, in Dutch even written Soembawa, which is Sĕmbawa from Sct. Sambhawa, origin; the a is shortened to ĕ by the influence of the nasal sound , and by the accent being on the following syllalbe. Fr.)

Nyĕmpit, to embezzle; to steal what is entrusted to one. Nyénang, sharp sighted; having a quick clear eye.

Nyéot, rapid in stream; said of water which runs freely down a slokan; said of water running down an inclined plain.

Nyépak, to kick as a horse, to strike out with the leg.

Nyĕpét, always having an arm or weapon about the person. Kris njĕpét bai tilok katinggalan, his kris is always stuck about him , he never leaves it behind. ( Jav. Tjapit , Nyapit. Batav. Nyiĕpit, to comprime, to stick fast to).

Nyĕrat, scribbling. Nyĕrat bai tulis surat, scribbling, he wrote a letter. (Jav. sĕrrat, to write).

Nyéré, the mid rib of a cocoa nutleaf. The mid-rib on each side of which the leaflets of a palm frond grow. When the leafy part is stripped off, these ribs are tied together, and they then make very good brooms and are called sapu nyéré, nyéré brushes, and are in use in every house.

Nyéré, a count kept of cotton thread in weaving. Five threads tied together.

Nyĕré, scattered about, loose. Superfluous. Not being made use of. Owoh bakakas nyĕrė di dinyo, are there no spare tools there; or — are there no tools there which are not being used.

Nyĕréké, to tiller out as corn, or other plants which grow from a bunch root, as Séréh. To set out side shoots from the roots as paddy. See Nyorėkė.

Nyĕrélék, to trickle as water; in a small stream.

Nyĕrĕp, to sink into the ground, as water running over gravelly or sandy soil; to be absorbed ; to disappear mysteriously, to be kept profoundly secret. Chai na to ngochor ka hilir nyĕrĕp bai, the water does not flow down along its course, but sinks into the ground. Kĕbo bĕunang maling di bawa ka Meester nyĕrĕp bai, when stolen buffaloes are taken to Meester Cornells (near Batavia) they disappear mysteriously (as if they sank into the ground). (Cf. Jav. Surup, Sĕrap, to get into, to go under).

Nyĕrét, to smoke opium.

Nyĕri, in pain, painful, sore, aching, ill of. Nyĕri bĕulĕung, stomach ache; Nyĕri hulu, head ache. Di gĕbugan nyĕri nakĕr, when thrashed he was very sore, or felt much pain

Nyésang, enraged, in a passion, furious. Said also when straining every effort to do something.

Nyĕsĕp, to smoke — said of the act of a great man. (Gf Asĕup, Mai. asĕp, smoke).

Nyété, to copulate.

Nyĕuksĕukan, to jeer at, to ridicule. To say something by which another person is made vexed, but not with ourselves who speak. To irritate , to cause inward vexation.

Nyĕungĕut, to put fire to, to set alight. Nyĕungĕut bĕdil, to fire a gun.

Nyĕupah, to partake of a chew of sĕurĕuh; to chew sĕurĕuh, to chew betle.

Nyĕurĕud, to sting as a wasp.

Nyéwot, in a passion, furious, in a violent anger. Nyiar, to seek, to look for, to go in quest of.

Nyiěup, to blow, as nyiěup sěuněuh, to blow a fire — means to light it. (Mal. Tiup).

Nyihaněut, literally — to take warm water, means — to drink tea, or warm water with a decoction of any leaves.

Nyilunglum, to sit on eggs, as a bird or a hen; to incubate.

Nyimpang, to step aside. To go off the main road by aside one. To deviate, to diverge from any route. To diverge from any line, as a tool which cuts or slips from the right course.

Nyingkab, blown up or over; shoved on one side. Hatěup na nyingkab ku angin, the ataps were blown up by the wind.

Nyingkir, to move out of the way. Step aside. Kudu nyingkir, you must move out of the way. Nyingkir sakěudang, move away for a while.

Nyinyu, to mix anything in water, as salt, bran or the like. To commingle.

Nyiram, to have a longing desire for anything, especially as of pregnant women for acids; to conceive, to become pregnant. (Another word is Ngidam, Batav. mengidam).

Nyirandé, to lean back against anything: To recline.

Nyirik, to tread out with the foot. To tread out paddy from the straw for seed, the grains still retaining the shell.

Nyiru, the flat open basket implement on which the rice is thrown about and shook up to clean it of chaff and dust, after pounding.

Nyiruan, a variety of bee, which makes its nest and has its honey and young in the hollows of old trees, or in the clefts of rocks. Called about Batavia Tawon.

Nyisang, to use water to clean yourself, after having obeyed a daily call of nature.

Nyisig, to chew tobacco along with sěurěuh.

Nyisil, to eat grains of paddy, by biting off and spitting out the husk. To take stray grains of paddy in the mouth and nip them between the teeth. To gnaw as a rat or mouse.

Nyising, to ease yourself. To void excrement.

Nyiyěuk, to ladle out. See Siyěuk.

Nyodai, inclined, sloping, set at an angle.

Nyodor, projecting, sticking out.

Nyodoran, to hand over. To give by handing. To present.

Nyogléng-nyogléng, said of a weapon as a kris or badi, which is worn in the belt, but only the very tip stuck into the belt, and the greater part or length of the weapon left jauntily dangling out in front.

Nyokchokan, to bung up. To fasten or close an aperture, as of a bottle by putting in a cork or other similar matter. See Chochok.

Nyokot, to take, taken. See Chokot.

Nyomé, a joint of bambu, set in a stream of rapid water, into which small fish get drifted, and cannot again stem the current to get out.

Nyomplong, solitary, lonely. Left alone to oneself. Exposed on a hill without the shelter of any trees.

Nyontrol, to fight at, to spring towards, to bustle up to. Lauk nyontrol ka sa-apan, the fish darts upon the sa-apan. Maung na nyontrol bai ti lěuwěung, the tiger came flying out of the forest. Jélĕma na nyontrol bai ka imah, the men came bustling into the house.

Nyopépang, flinging the arms about when hard at work. See Ngopépang.

Nyorang, to take place, to happen, to occur. Tachan nyorang ngala, it has not yet happened that I have taken any. Ilok nyorang měuli, it sometimes happens that I buy.

Nyorang, to visit, to walk, to pass along. Tilok nyorang a dinya, I never go to that place. See Sorang.

Nyoréang, to cast a look at, to look towards. Unchal na nyoréang kadiyo, the deer is looking this way.

Nyoréké, said of plants which spread and branch out immediately after leaving the ground. See Nyěréké.

Nyorén, to carry or wear a weapon. Nyorén kris, to wear a kris. Nyorén pedang, to carry a sword.

Nyorog, to join a festival without bringing a present. To go to a feast empty handed.

Nyorompod, a tangled bushy path. Said of a way which is almost impassable for bushes and vegetation.

Nyoroyo, said of a person who, though unasked, comes and joins at a meal.

Nyoso, to clean rice by putting it again in the rice block and pounding off any remnant of husk and there fanning it clean, preparatory to cooking.

Nyosol; projecting, sticking out forwards. Forming a promontory.

Nyowod, to eat greedily. To guzzle with impatience. To do any thing with eagerness. and force.

Nyukang, to cross over (a river or ravine) as along a bridge. See Chukang. Nyabrang chai nyuhang ha na chatang, to cross the river by walking along a log (which served for a chukang or bridge.)

Nyukchěruk, to walk in the course of a river (not along the bank.) Nyukcheruk chai, to follow the course of a river by wading in the water. Nyukcheruk, is also said of a roof which has a good slope and from which the rain water runs rapidly away.

Nyuku, to go on foot. See Suku.

Nyumput, lying hid, to conceal oneself. Nyumput di na guha, he hid himself in a cave.

Nyumplěng, solitary. Retired and apart from other people.

Nyungkadang, bending in the middle, curved like a scimitar, bulging out round.

Nyuprak, to eat with champing. To munch with alacrity.

Nyurat and nyuratan, to write. Eŭkěur nyurat, in the act of writing. Nyuratan ka Bogor ngabějakěn, writing to Buitenzorg and giving notice.

Nyurěng, gazing, staring, looking, earnestly. Nyurup, to set as the sun. Disappeared under water, under the ground &c. Mata poi gěus nyurup, the sun has set. Nu alus iyo bisa nyurup ka jěro bumi, impalpable beings can disappear into the ground. (Cf. Nyěrěp.)

Nyuruwuk, to fall as water in a large body with a dull heavy sound, as is the case at some large waterfalls.

Nyusuk, to cut a canal, to cut a trench in the earth. See Susukan, a water course, a canal.

Nyusup, to creep into a hob or covered spot. To hide oneself; to stow oneself away.

Nyusut, to wipe away any wet or moisture, as the sweat from the face or body. To rub the nose against another person's face, as the sexes in amourous dalliance. To track as a dog by rubbing its nose on the ground or grass.

Nyu-uk, said of wood which is of coarse grain and will not allow the plane to pass smoothly over it. Rising in roughness when planed. Sticking unintentionally into the surface, as a stick pushed along the ground, or a cutting instrument going too deep into wood.

1. (1) Na before the substantive is, I think, to be considered as demonstrativum; it is the most simple form of the demonstratives showing a greater distance from the speaker; Kw. na-han (opposite ni-han); Mal. Sd ma-na; Mal, ta-na. As a possessive pronoun it corresponds with Kw. nya, Jav. ne, Mal. nya. Fr.