An Attempt Towards An International Language/Vocabulary

by Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof

VOCABULARY.

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International–English. International.

English–International.

International-English Vocabulary.

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VORT-AR-O POR ANGL-O-J.

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All that is written in the International tongue can be understood by this Vocabulary. If several words together express one idea they must be written in one, but disjoined from each other by a hyphen; for instance, frat-in-o, being one idea, is composed of three words, which must be separately looked for in the Vocabulary.

A

a expresses an adjective; f. in. hom—man, hom-a— human
acid sour, acid
achet to buy
ad indicates the duration of an action: f. in. ir — go, ir-ad — to walk; danc — a dance, danc-ad — dancing
adiaŭ adieu, good-bye
aer the air
afer affair, business
agl the eagle
agrabl agreeable
agh the age
ajn... ever; f. in. kiu — who, kiu ajn — whoever
ajh indicates a thing, having some quality or peculiarity, or being made of some thing; f. in. mal-nov — old, mal-nov-ajh — old things; frukt — fruit, frukt-ajh — made of fruits
akompan to accompany
akr sharp
akv water
al to; f. in. al li — to him (indicates also the (dative)
ali other
almenaŭ at least

alt high, tall
alumet a match
am to love, like
amas a crowd, mass
amik friend
an a member, an inhabitant, an adept; f. in. regn — state, kingdom, empire, regn-an — inhabitant of an empire, etc. Paris-an-a a Parisian.
angul an angle, a corner
anghel an angel
anim the souç
ankaŭ also, too
ankoraŭ still, yet
anstataŭ instead of
ant indicates the participle present (active)
antaŭ before
apart separate
aparten to belong
apenaŭ scarcely, hardly
apud near, nigh to
ar indicates a collection of objects; f. in. arb — a tree, arb-ar a forest; shtup — step, stair; shtup-ar — staircase, stairs, ladder.
arb a tree
arghent silver
as indicates the present in verbs

at indicates the participle present (passive)
atend to wait for, expect
aŭ or, either
aŭd to hear
aŭskult listen to
aŭtun autumn
av grandfather
avar avaricions
azen an ass, a donkey

B

babil to prate, to chatter, to prattle
bak to bake
bala to sweep
balanc to waddle, string, sway
baldaŭ soon
ban to bathe
bapt to bapti\e
bar to bar (a door), to stop (a passage)
barb the beard
barel barrel, cask
baston stick
bat to beat, to flog
batal to fight, to struggle
bedaŭr to pity, to regret, to repent
bel beautiful, handsome
ben to bless, consecrate, hollow
benk trench
best an animal, a beast
beson to want

bier beer
bind to bind
bird a bird
blank white
blov to blow
blu blue
bo got by marriage (own or other people's); f. in. patr — father, bo-patr — father-in-law, frat — brother, bo-frat — brother in law
boj to bark
bol to boil
bon good
bord the shore (of the sea, the bank or side (of a river), the rim or edge (of a dish)
bot a boot
botel a bottle
bov an ox
branch a branch
brand brandy
bril to shine, to sparkle, to glitter
bros a brush
bru to make a noise, to bawl
brul to burn one’s self
brust, the breast, bosom.
brut brute
bush the mouth
buter butter
buton a button

C

cel to aim
cent a hundred
cert certain, sure, known
ceter the remainder, the following, next
cigar a cigar
cigared a cigarette, a little cigar
citron a lemon, citron

Ch

chagren to grieve, to vex, to chagrin
chambr a chamber, a room

chap a cap, a bonnet
chapel a hat
char because
che near, by, at, beside
chemis a shirt (of a man), a shirt (of a woman)
chen a chain
cheris a cherry
cherk a coffin
ches to cease, to leave off
cheval a horse
chi the next (person, thing, etc); f. in tiu — that one, tiu-chi — this one; tie — there, tie-chi — here
chia every, every one
chiam always, ever
chie everywhere
chiel heaven, heavens, sky
chio all
chirkaŭ around, round about
chiu the whole; ciu-j, everybody
chj added to the first 2 to 5 letters of a masculine name makes of it a diminutive, caressing; f. in. Mikhael — Mi-chj; Aleksandr — Ale-chj
chu or, if; is employed in questions; f. in. mi ne sci-as, chu vi am-as — I don‘t know, if you love? vi-chu mi — you or I?

D

da supplies the genitive (after words expresing measure, weight, etc.); f. in. kilogram-o da viand o — a kilo meat; glas-o da te-o — a glass tea
danc to dance
dangher danger

dank to thank
daŭr to endure, to last
de from; supplies also the genitive
decid to decide
defend to defend
dek ten
dekstr right (adj.)
demand to ask
dens dense, thick
dent a tooth
detru to demolish, to destroy, to ruin
dev to must, to be obliged
desert a desert, a wilderness
dezir to desire
Di God
dik big, thick, stout
diligent diligence, assiduity
dimanch Sunday
dir to tell, to say, to speak
dis dis-, asunder, into parts; f. in. shiv — to pull, dis-shiv — to pull asunder.
disput to contend for, to quarrel, to dispute
divid to divide
dolch sweet
dolor ache, pain, affliction
dom house
don to give
donac to make a present of, donate
dorm to sleep
dors the back
du two
dum during (preposition); while, whilst

E

e the ending of adverbs; f. in. bon-e — well
eben even, smooth
ebl possible

ec indicates quality as abstract idea ; f. in. bon — good, bon-ec — goodness; infan — child, infan-ec — childhood.
ech even (adv.) also
eduk to educate, to breed
edz the husband
efektiv real, effective
eg indicates enlarging or increasing of degree; f. in. man — hand, man-eg — paw; varm — warm, varm-eg — hot
egal equal, like
ej indicates the place of an action, etc.; f. in. kuir — to cook, kuir-ej — the kitchen; pregh — to pray, pregh ej — the church
ek indicates the beginning or the short duration of an action, etc.; kant — to sing, ek-kant — to begin to sing; kri — to cry, ek-kri — to cry out, to exclaim.
eks formerly; placed before an official or a professional designation, shows that a person has given up his office or profession
ekster on the outside of, outwardly, without, out of
ekzempl example
el from, of
elekt to choose, to elect
em inclined, disposed, accustomed
en in
enu to be weary, annoyed
envi to envy
er indicates a thing taken as a separate unity; f. in. sabl — sand, sabl-er — grain of sand

erar to err, to be wrong, to be mistaken
escept to exclude, to except
esper to hope
esprim to express, to declare by words
est to be
estim to esteem, to prize
esting to extinguish
estr the chief, the superior
et indicates diminution or decrease of degree; f. in. rid — to laugh, rid-et — smile; mur — a wall, mur-et — a little wall, chamber-wall
etagh a floor, a story
etern eternal

F

facil light, easy
faden thread
fajf to pipe, to whistle
fajr fire
fal to fall
fald to fold
famili family
far to do, to make, to act; far-igh — to become, to turn, to grow
fart to live, to be, to go (well or ill)
felich happy
fend to split, to chop
fenestr window
fer iron
ferm to shut
fest to feast, to hold a feast
fianch one who is betrothed, the bridegroom
fidel faithful, true
fier proud, haughty
fil a son
fin to finish
fingr a finger
firm firm, solid

fish a fish
flank side, flank
flar to smell
flav yellow
flor flower
flu to flow, to swim, to float
flug to fly
fluid liquld, fluid
foj time (French fois; German mal)
fojn hay
foli a leaf (of a tree), a sheet (of paper, etc.)
fond to found
font a fountain
for away
forges to forget
forgh to forge
fork a fork, a tablefork
forn a stove
fort strong, vigorous
fos to dig
frap to hit, to beat
frat brother
fraŭl bachelor, single man
fresh fresh
fromagh cheese
frost, coldness
frot to rub
fru early, in the morning
frukt fruit
frunt forehead
fulm a lighting
fum the smoke
fund the bottom

G

gaj, gay
gajn to win, to gain
gant a glove
gard to guard, to keep
gast guest
ge of both sexes; f. in. patr — father, ge-patr-o-j — parents; mastr — master, ge-mastr-o-j — both the master and the mistress of the house

genu knee
glaci ice
glas a glass
glat smooth, even
glav sword
glit to slide, to glide along (on ice)
glor to glorify
glut to swallow
gorgh throat
grand great
gras fat, grease
grat to scratch
gratul to congratulate
grav grave, important
gris gray, gray-headed
gust the taste
gul to drop; gul-o — a drop

Gh

gharden a garden
ghem to groan
ghentil genteel
ghi it, this
ghis to, till
ghoj to rejoice, to be glad

H

ha! ha! ah!
hajl the hail
haladz bad exhalation
halt to stop, to make a stay
har a hair
haring a herring
haŭt skip, hide
hav to have
hejt to heat, to make a fire
help to help, to aid
herb herb, grass
hered to inherit
hieraŭ yesterday
ho! oh!
hodiaŭ to-day
hom man, woman: generally an human person

honest honest
hont shame
hor an hour
horlogh a clock
hotel inn, hotel
humil humble
hund dog

I

i indicates the infinitive in verbs; f. in. laŭd-i — to praise
ia whoever, whatever
ial by whatever cause
iam whenever, once
id child, descendant; f. in. bov — ox, bov-id — calf
ie somewhere
iel in whatever manner
ies some one’s
ig cause to become; f. in. pur — pure, clean, pur-ig — to purify, to cleanse; :sid — to sit, sid-ig — to seat
igh to become, to turn; f. in. pal — pale, pal-igh — to turn pale
il designates instruments; f. in. tond — to shear, tond-il — scissors; paf — to shoot, paf-il — a gun, a musket, a firelock
ili they
in indicates the feminine; f. in. patr — the father, patr-in — the
mother; kok — cock, kok-in — hen
ind worth, worthy
infan child
ing a thing in which something is put; f. in. kandel —a taper, a candle, kandel-ing — a candle-stick
ink ink

instru to teach
insul island
insult to insult, to outrage
int indicates the participle passed (active)
intenc to intend
inter between
intern inwardly, internally
invit to invite
io somewhat
iom how much, ever
ir to go
is indicates the passed (in verbs)
ist occupied with; f. in. bot — boot, shoe, bot-ist — shoemaker; mar — sea, mar-ist — a seaman, a sailor
it indicates the participle passed (passive)
iu some one

J

j indicates the plural
ja however, nevertheless
jam already
jar year
je can be translated by a large number of prepositions; this signification depends upon the general sense of the phrase
jen there, here
jes yes
ju — des: the — the
jugh to judge
jun young
just jusl

Jh

jhaŭd Thursday
jhet to throw, to cast
jhur to swear

K

kaf coffee
kaj and
kajer stitched book of writing paper, a copy book (in schools)
kaldron kettle, caldron
kalesh calash, a light carriage
kalkul to count, to reckon
kamen chimney, a fireplace
kamp a field
kanap a sofa
kandel a candle
kant to sing
kap head
kapti to seize, to catch
kar dear
karb coal
kares to caress
kat a cat
kash to hide, to conceal
kaŭz to cause, to occasion
ke that (conj.)
kelk some, any
kest box, chest
kia what; f. in. kia hom — what man; kia tago — what day
kial why
kian when
kie where
kiel how
kies whose; f. in. kies libr-o — whose book?
kio what?!
kiom how much, how many
kis to kiss
kiu who
klar clear
knab boy, lad
kok cock
kol neck
koleg a colleague
kolekt to collect, to gather

koler to be angry
kolon column, pillar
kolor a color
komb to comb
komenc to begin
komerc to trade, to traf-
kompat to compassionate, to bear with
kompren to understand, to conceive
kon to know
kondich condition
konduk to conduct, to lead
konfes to avow
konsent to consent
konserv to preserve, to keep
konsil to counsel, to advise
konsol to console, to comfort
konstant constant, steadfast
konstru to construct, to build
kontent content, satisfied
kontraŭ against
konven to suit, to agree
kor the heart
korn a horn
koron a crown, a garland
korp the body
kort the court, courtyard
kost to cost
kovr to cover
krach to spit
krajon a pencil, a crayon
kravat a cravat, neck-cloth
kre to create
kred to believe
kresk to grow, to wax
kret chalk
kri to cry
kruc a cross
kudr to sew
kuir to cook

kuler spoon
kulp culpable, guilty
kun with; kun-e — together
kupr copper
kur to run
kurac cure
kuragh courageous, resolute, bold
kurten curtain
kusen a cushion
kush to lie; f. in. abed
kutim to accustom one’s self to
kuz a cousin
kvankam though, although
kvar four
kvin five

L

l'	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	the
la

labor to laborl, to work
lac weary, tired
lakt milk
lam lume
lamp lamp
land land, country
lang the tongue
lantern a lantern
largh large, brown!
larm a tear
las to let, to permit, to allow to leave
last last
laŭ in conformity to, conformably, accordingly
laŭd to praise, to commend
laŭt aloud, loudly
lav to wash
lecion a lesson
leg to read
legh law
leon a lion
lern to learn
lert dexterous, skillful
leter letter

lev to lift (up), to raise
li he
liber free
libr a book
lig to bind
lign wood
lingv speech, language, tongue
lip lip
lit bed
liter a letter (of the alphabet), a type
logh to dwell, to lodge
lok place, stand, spot
long long
lud to play
lum to light, to shine
lun the moon
lund Monday

M

mach to chew
magazen a magazine, a shop
makul a spot, a speck
mal indicates contrasts; f. in. bon — good, mal-bon — bad. estim — to esteem, mal-estim — to despise, to disdain
malgraŭ in spite of, notwithstanding
man hand
mangh to eat
mar the sea
mard Tuesday
mastr master
maten the morning
matur ripe, mature
mem self
memor to remember, to keep in mind
merit to merit, to deserve
merkred Wednesday
met to put; answers in all significations and shades to the French “mettre”
mez the middle

mezur to measure
mi I
miks to mix, to mingle
mil thousand
milit to combat, to fight, to struggle
mir to be astonished, to wonder
mizer misery, poverty, wretchedness
moder moderate, temperate
modest modest
mol soft, tender
mon money
monat month
mond the world
mont mountain
montr to show
mord to bite
morgaŭ to-morrow
mort to die
mosht highness, majesty, etc. (is generally added to titles); f. in. Vi-a regh-a mosht-o — Your Royal Majesty; Vi-a general-a mosht-o, Vi-a episkop-a mosht-o, etc.
mov to move, to stir (up)
mult much
mur wall
murmur to murmur
mush a fly

N

n it indicates the accumtive case and the direction; f. in. mi ir-as domon — I go home
nagh to swim
najbar neighbor
nask to bear a child, to bring forth, to give birth to
naŭ nine
naz nose
ne no
nebul mist, fog

neces indispensable, necessary
negh snow
nek — nek neither — neither
nenia not any
nenian never
nenie nowhere
neniel by no means, in no wise
nenies nobody’s
nenio nothing
neniu nobody, no one
nep grandchild
nev a nephew
ni we
nigr black
nj added to the first two to five letters of a feminine proper name makes of it n diminutive, caressing; f. in. Mari — Ma-nj; Emili — Emi-nj
nobl noble
nokt night
nom name
nombr number
nov new
nub cloud
nud naked
nuks nut
nun now
nur only
nutr to nourish, to nurse (a child)

O

o indicates a substantive
obe obey
objekt object
obl indicates a numeral in multiplicative form; f. in. (du — two, du-obl — two-fold, double, of two different sorts
obstin obstinate, stubborn
odor to exhale fragrance, to smell (well)

ofend, to offend, to wrong
ofer offer
oft often
ok eight
okaz to happen
okul eye
okup to occupy
ol than, as
ole oil
ombr shadow, shade
ombrel parasol, umbrella
on makes fractions out of numerals; f. in. kvar — four, kvar-on — fourth part
ond the wave
oni (pron, indef. plur.) they, people
onkl uncle
ont indicates the participle future (active)
op indicates collective numerals: f. in. du — two, du-op — in twos
oportun opportune, convenient
or gold
ord order
ordinar ordinary, common, usual
ordon to order, to command
orel the ear
os indicates the future
ost a bone
ot indicates the participle future (passive)
ov an egg

P

pac peace
paf to shoot
pag to pay
pagh a page
pajl straw
pal pale
palac a palace
palp to feel, to handle gently
palpebr eyelid

pan bread
pantalon trousers
paper paper
pardon to pardon, to forgive
parene relation
parker by heart, by memory (par cœur)
parol to speak, to talk
part part, portion, share
pas to pass, to go by
pastr priest, clergyman
pash to step, to stride
patr father; patr-ujo — fatherland
pec a morsel
pel to pursue, to chase
pen to endeavor, to do one's best
pend to hang
pens to think
pentr to draw
per through, by, with aid of
perd to lose
permes to permit, to allow
pes to balance
pet to pray, to beg; to ask
pes weigh (some number of pounds)
pi pious
pied foot
pik to prick, to sling
pilk a ball (to play with)
pingl a pin
pir a pear (a fruit)
plac a place, a square
plach to please
plafon ceiling
plank floor (of a room)
plej most (adv.)
plen full
plend to complain
plesur pleasure
pli more
plor to weep, to shed tears
plum plume, leather
pluv rain

po forms divisive numerals; f. in. kvin — five, po-kvin — five each
polv dust
pom apple
pont a bridge
popol people, nation
por for
pord door
pork swine, pig, box
port to bear, to wear
post after (prep.)
postul to require, to call for
posh a pocket
posht post, post-office
pot a pot
pov to be able
prav being right
pregh to pray, to say prayers
prem to press, to oppress
pren to take
prepar to prepare
preskaŭ almost, nearly
pres to print
pret ready
prezent to present, to represent, to introduce
pri at, on, of, about
printemp the spring
pro for... sake
profund deep, profound
proksim (adj.) near, nigh
promen to walk, to take a walk
promes to promise
propon to propose
propr one's own
prov to try, to essay
prudent prudent, reasonable
prunt to borrow, to lend
pulv gun-powder
pulvor powder
pun to punish
pup a doll
pur pure, clean
push to push

putr to rot, to putrify, to grow putrid

R

rad a wheel
radi a ray, a beam, a spoke of a wheel
radik root
rakont to relate, to tell
ramp to creep, to crawl
rand the bank, shore, edge, border
rapid rapid, swift
ras to shave
re again, back
reg to reign, to govern
regn kingdom, realm
regul a rule
regh a king
rekompenc to rencompense, to reward
renkont to meet (with)
renvers to throw, to pull down
respond to answer
rest to remain
ricev to receive
rich rich
rid to laugh
rigard to look at, on or upon
ring a set ring
ripel to repeal
ripos to repose, to take rest
river a river
romp to break
rond circle
rost to fry, to roast
roz a rose
rugh red

S

sabat Saturday
sabl sand
sagh wise, sage
sak a sack, a bag
sal salt
salt to spring, to jump
salut to salute, to hail
sam same, self
son round, sane, healthy

sang blood
sankt holy, sacred
sap soap
sat satiate
sav to save
sci to know
se if
sed but
segh a chair, a seat
sek dry
sem to sow
semajn a week
sen without
senc sense, meaning
send to send
sent to feel
sep seven
serch to look for, to search
serpent serpent, snake
serur a lock
serv to serve
ses six
sever severe, sharp
si one’s self, himself, themselves, etc.
sid to sit
sigel to seal
sign a sign
signif to signify, to mean
silent to be silent
simil resembling, similar, like
simpl simple, common
sinjor lord, master
skrib write
sku to shake, to jog
sobr sober
societ society
soif to be thirsty
sol sole, only, unique
somer summer
son to sound
songh to dream
sonor to buzz, to hum
sort lot, chance, destiny, fate
savagh savage, wild
spec a species, kind
spegul mirror, looking-glass
spir to respire, to breathe
sprit witty

stal stable
star to stand
stel star
stomak stomach, ventricle
strat a street
sub under
subit sudden
such to suck
sufer to suffer
sufich sufficiently, enough
suk the juice
suker sugar
sun sun
sup soup, pottage
super above (prep.)
supr above (adv.), at the top
sur on, upon
surd deaf (adj.)
surtut coat

Sh

shajn to seem
shancel to totter, to stagger
shangh to change
shaŭm foam, scum
shel shell
sherc to jest
si she
ship ship
shir to tear
shlos lock
shmir to smear, to spread
shnur a rope, a string, a cord
shpar to spare
shpruc to spout, to sprinkle
shrank cupboard, clothes-press
shtal steel
shtel steal
shtof stuff
shton stone
shtop to stop, to cork
shtrump stocking
shtup step; shtup-ar — staircase, stairs, ladder

shu shoe
shuld to owe, to be indebted
shut to empty
shvel to swell
shvit to sweat

T

tabl table
tabul a board
tag day
tajlor tailor
tamen yet, however
tapish carpet, tapestry
taŭg to be of use, to be fit for
te tea
tegment roof
teler plate
temp time
ten to hold
tent to tempt
ter earth
terur terror
tia such
tial because, reason
tian then, at that time
tie there
tiel so, in such a manner
tim to fear
tio it, this, that
tiom so, as much or many
tir to draw, to pull
tiu that; (—) chi — this
tol linen
tomb a grave, a tomb
tond to shear, to cut the hair
tondr to thunder
tra across — through
traduk translate
tranch to cut
trankvil tranquil, quiet
trans over
tre very, greatly, exceedingly
trem to tremble, to shake, to shiver
tren to draw, to drag, to trail
tri three

trink to drink
tro too
tromp to deceive
trov to find
tru a hole
tuj immediately, altogether
tuk handkerchief
tur a tower
turment to torment
turn to turn
tus to cough
tush to touch, to lay one‘s hand on
tut whole, total, complete

U

u indicates the imperative (in verbs)
uj beating, containing (such as a thing containing or bearing something, as a tree bearing fruits, a country with inhabitants); f. in. cigar — a cigar, cigar-uj — a cigar-box; pom — an apple, pom-ujo — apple-tree; Turk — a Turk, Turk-ujo — Turkey
ul a man possessing some quality; f. in. rich — rich, rich-ul — a rich man
um a prefix without stable signification; can be translated by different words
ung nail
unu one
urb town, city
urs a bear
us indicates the conditional
util useful
uz to make use of

V

vakt wax
van vain, fruitless

vang cheek
vapor vapor
varm warm
vast vast, specious
vaz vessel
vek to awake
velk to fade, to wither
ven to come
vend to sell
vendred Friday
venen poison, venom
vengh to revenge, to avenge
venk to vanquish
vent wind
ventr belly
ver truth, verity
verd green
verk to acute, to make
verm worm
versh to pour
vesper evening
vest to clothe; vest-o — clothes
veter the weather
vetur to go (in a carriage, in a ship, etc.)
vi you, than
viand meat, flesh
vid to see
vilagh village
vin wine
vintr winter
violon violin
vir a man, a husband
vish to wipe
vitr glass
viv to live
vizagh face, visage
voch voice
voj way
vok to call
vort to wish
vort a word
vost a tail
vund to wound

Z

zorg to take care of, to provide for, to be solicitous

English-International Vocabulary.

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COMPILED BY

Henry Phillips, Jr.

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A

abed kush
able pov
above super
about pri
accompany akompan
across trans
accustom oneself to kutim
abstract nouns end in ec
accordingly laŭ
ache dolor
acid acid
acquainted with, to become konigh
action, place of, ej (suffix)
action, duration of, ek (suffix)
action (n.) faro
adjectives end in o
adverb (n.) evort
affair afer
affliction malplezur
after post
again re
against kontraŭ
against his will vole ne vole
age agh
agent agent
ago antaŭ
agreeable agrable
aid help
air aer
aim cel
alike egal
all chie

alley aleo
aloud laŭt
already jam
also ankaŭ; ech
although kvankam
altogether tuj
ambiguity malklarec
ancestors antaŭoloj
and kai
angel anghel
angle angul
angry koler
animal best
annoy chagren
annoyance chagrenec
answer respond
any kelk
anticipate antaŭpens
actechamber antaŭchambro
apple pom
arise sin lev
army militistaro
around chirkaŭ
as—so kiu—tia
ass azen
assist help
astonish mir

astonishing	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	miregindajo
astonishing things

asunder dis (affix)
at pri
at least al menaŭ
at one's house (chez) che
at your house (chez) che vi
attack atako
autumn aŭtun

avarice avarec
avaricious avara
avaricious man avarul
avenge vengh
avow konfes
awake vek
awake, to cause to, vekigh
away for

B

back (adv.) re
back (n.) dors
bad mal
bad exhalation haladz
babble babil
bachelor fraŭl
bag sak
bake bak
balance balanc
bald senhara
ball pilk
bank of a river rand
baptize bapt
bar bar
bark (v.) boj
barrel barel
base malnobl
bathe ban
bawl bru
be est
be cured sanigh
beam of light radi
bear urs
beard barb
beast best
beat (v.) bat, frap
beautiful bel

because tial
become (suffix) igh
become friendly with amikigh
beer bier
before antaŭ
before I had spoken a word se ia antaŭparolis
beg pet
beggar malrichegulo
begin komenc
behind post
belief kred
belly ventr
belong apart
below malsupr
bench benk
betroth fianchig
between inter
big dik
bind lig, bind
bird bird
bite mord
black nigr
bless ben
blood sang
blow blov
blue blu
board tabŭl
body korp
boil bol
bold kuragh
bone ost
bonnet chap
book libr
boot bot
borrow prunt
bottle botel
bottom fund
box kest
boy knab
brandy brand
bread pan
break romp
breakfast matenmangh
breast brust
breathe spir
breed eduk
bride fianch

bridge pont
brink bord
broad largh
brooch bros
brother frat
brotherhood frateco
build konstru
business afer
but sed
butter buter
button buton
buy achet
by par

C

cake sukrpan
calash kalesh
caldron kaldron
calf bovid
call vok
call for postul
candle kandel
candle-stick kandelig
cap chap
caprice kapris
capricious kaprisa
care for zorg
careless maldiligenta, senregardema
carpenter meblisto
carpet tapish
cask barel
cast jhet
cat kat
cause kaŭz
cause, to do, (suffix) ig
cease ches
chagrin chagrin
chain chen
chair sedh
chalk kret
chamber chambr
chance sort
change shangh
character kharakter
cheek vang
cheese fromagh
chest kest
chew mach

chief teacher lernejestro
child infan
childhood infanec
child of id (suffix)
chimney kamin
choleric ekkolerema
chop fend
circle rond
city urb
civilisation civilizado
clean pur
clear klar
clear out (v.) forir
clearness klareco
clock horlogh
closet shrank
clothe (v.) vest
cloud nub
coal karb
cock kok
coffee kaf
coffin cherk
cold malvarm
collar kolum
collective nouns end in ec
collect kolekt
colleague koleg
color kolor
column kolon
comb komb
combat milit
combustible brula
come ven
come forth elir
command ordon
commend laŭd
compatriot kunlandano
complete tut
compound (adj.) kunmetita
comprehensible komprenebla
conceal kash, kovr
conceive kompren
condition kondich
conduct konduk
conformably laŭ
consecrate ben
consent konsent
constant konstant

construct konstru
contend disput
content kontent
content with kontenta je
cook (v.) cuir
copper kupr
copy-book kajer
cork (v.) shtop
corner angul
corporeal korpa
cost kost
cough tus
counsel konsil
count kalkul
country land
countryman landano
court (n.) jughejo
courage kuragh
courageous kuragh
cousin kus
cover kovr
cravat kravat
create kri, verk
credible kredinda, kredeble
credulous kredema
criminal jughato
cross kruc
crowd amas
crowds, to be in, amase
crown koron
cry kri
cry out ekkri
cuff (n.) (manchettes), manumo
culpable kulp
cupboard shrank
cure kurac
curiosities vidindajo
curtain kurten
cushion kusen
cut (v.) tranch

D

daily chiutaga
dance danc
dangerous danghera
dark malluma

darkness mallumeco
day tag
deaf surd
dear kar
deceive tromp
decide decid
deep profond
deep (n.) profondagho
defend defend
deliver liberig
demand postul
demolish detru
dense dens
depart from forir, forvetur (travel)
dependant depend
dependancy dependeco
desert dezert
deserve merit
desire dezir
despair malesper
despise malestim
destroy detru
dexterous lert
die mort
difficult mafacila
difficulty mafacileco
dig fos
diligent diligent
disagreeable malagrabl
disclose malkovr
discount rabat
disperse disir
displease malplach
dissolve fluidig
divide divid
do far
dog hund
doll pup
donkey azen
door pord
doorkeeper pordisto
double duobla
double (v.) duoblig
drag tren
drawers, chest of, tirkesto
drink trink
drive away (v.) elpel
dry sek
dry land sekajho
dull sounding mallaŭte

dumb surd
during dum
dust pulv
duty devo
dwell logh

E

eagle egl
ear orel
early fru
earnestly kore
earth ter
easy facil
easily destroyed destruebla
eat mangh
economical shparema
edge rand
educate eduk
egg ov
eight ok
either aŭ
elect elekt
empire regn
empty malplen, dezert
encouragement kuragigho
end finigh
endeavor pen, prov
endure daŭr
enemy malamik
enter enir
envy envi
equal egal
err erar
esteem estim
eternal etern
euphony bonsoneco
euphonious bonsona
euphonious bonsoneca
even (adj.) glat
even (adv.) eben
evening vesper
ever chia
every chian
everyone chiu-j
everywhere chie
evil (n.) malbonado, malbonajho
evil (adj.) malver
example ekzempl
exceedingly tie

exclaim ekkri
exclude escept
exit (v.) forir, elir
expel elpel
expensive multekosta
explode eksplodig
express esprim
exterior eksterajho
extinguish esting
extraordinary neordinar
eye okul
eyeglasses okulvitroj
eyelid palpebr

F

face vizagh
fade velk
faithful fidel
fall fal
fall out of elfal
false malver
family famil
fat gras
fate sort
father pat
father-in-law bopat
fatherland patrij
fear tim
feast fest
feather plum
feel sent, palp
feminines end in in
field kamp
fight batal
find trov
finger fingr
finish fin
fire fajr, brulo
firmament firmajho
fish fish
fit, to be, taŭg
five kvin
flame brulo
flank flank
flesh viand
float flu
floor etagh
flow flu
fluid fluid
fly (v.) flug
fly (n.) mush

foam shaum
fold fald
fool malsaghado
foolish malsagh
foolishness malsagheco
foot pied
for pro
forbidden malpermesita
forehead frunt
foreign alianda
foreigner alilandulo
forest arbar
forge forgh
forget forges
form form
fry (v.) rost
fulfill plenum
full plen
fumes fumoj
furniture mebl
formless senforma
formerly eks
found (v.) fond
fountain font
fractions end in on
fraternity frateco
free libr
fresh fresh
friday vendred
friend amik
from de, el
frost frost
frugal shparema
fruit frukt
fruitless van

G

gain gajn
garden gharden
garland koron
gather kolekt
gay gaj
genteel ghentil
get up sinlev
giant grandegulo
give don
give birth to nask
glad ghoj
glass (adj.) vitr
glass (n) glas
glide glit

glisten	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	bril
gliter

glorify glor
go ir

go in a ship	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	vetur
or a carriage

go forth elir
God di
gold or
golden ora
good bon
goodness bonec
good condition, to be in bonaforto
govern regn
grand grand
grandfather av
grandchild nep
grass herb
gratulate gratul
grave grav, tomb
gray griz
great grand
greatly grande
greatly tre
green verd
groan ghem
grow kresk
guard gard
guest gast
guilty kulp
gun pafil
gunpowder pulv

H

hail hajl
hair har
hand man
handle palp
handkerchief tuk, vishilo
hallow sankt
halt halt
handsome bel
hang pend
happen okaz
happy felich
hardly apenaŭ
hat chapel
have hav
hay fojn

he il
head kap
health san
healthy sana
hear aŭd
heart parker
heaven chiel (superutojh?)
help help
herb herb
herring haring
hide (n.) haŭt
hide (v.) kash
high alt
highness mosht
hill montel
hinder malhelp
hit frap
hole tru
holy sankt
honest honest
hope esper
hopeless senesper
korn korn
horse cheval
hospital malsanulejo
hot varmeg
hour hor
house dom
how kiel
how many kiom
how much kiom
how old are you kian aghon vi havas?
how do you do kiel vi fartas
hum (v.) sonor
humor humor
human (adj.) homa
human being (n.) hom
humanity homaro
humiliation malaltigho
hundred cent
husband vir, edz

I

I mi
ice glacio
if se
ignoble (man) malnoblulo

illegible nelegbl
illuminate ekbrulig
imagine si prezent
immediately tuj
immortal ne mortem
important grav
impossible neebl
improper malkonvenu
in en
inaudible mallaŭte
incessantly senchese
incomprehensible malkomprenebla
incorrect malkonvenu
increase (v.) pligrandigh
incredible ne kredebl
indecorous malkonvenu
industrious laborema
indispensable neces
inexpressible neesprimebl
infant infano
infancy infaneco
ink ink
inn hotel
in no wise neniel
instead of anstataŭ
insult insult
instruct instru
instructor instruanto
intend intenc
invite invit
inward intern
iron fer
island insul
issue forth (v.) elir
it ghi, tio
Italian, the, italujano

J

jest sherc
jog sku
joy ghoj
judge (n.) jughanto
judge (v.) jugh
juice suk
just just, prav
justice pravigho

K

key shlosilo
kill mortig

kindgom regech
know ken
knee genu
kind (species) spec
kettle kaldron

L

labor labor
lad knab
lame lam
lamp lamp
language linguo
lantern lantern
large largh
last (v.) daŭ
last (adj.) last
late malfru
law legh
lazy maldiligent
lead (v.) konduk
leaf fol
learn lern
leave off ches
legal legha
legend popolrakont
legible legebl
less malpli
lesson lecion
lest last
let, to las
letter leter
lie abed kush
ligature kunligado
ligh (v.) lum
light the candle ekbruligu la kandelon
ligh (adv.) facil
lightning fulmin
like (v.) am
like (adj.) egal
linen tojl
lion leon
lip lip
listen to auskŭlt
literally litere
little malgranda
live viv
lock serur, shlos
locksmith shlosilisto
lodge logh
lose (v.) perd

lot (n.) sort
loud (adj.) laŭt
love (v.) am
low-voiced mallaŭt

M

machine mashin
machinist mekhanisto
made of (suffix) ajh
make (v.) far, verk
make a noise bru, ekkri
make use of uz
malgré lui vole ne vole
man vir, edz
marry, to be about to, edzigh
marvelous mirinda
mass amas
master sinjor, mastr
match alumet
matter afer
me mi
meagre maldik
meaning senc
meat, viand
measure mesur
mechanic mekhanisto,
meet with renkont
member of (suffix) an
merchant kormercisto
mercilessly senkompate
middle mez
milk lakt
miraculous things miregindajo
misery mizer
mist nebul
mistaken, to be, erar
moderate moder
modest modest
money mon
moon lun
morning maten
morrow, to, morgaŭ
morsel pec
mortal mortema
most plej
mountain mont
mouth bush
move (v.) sin port
much mult

muddy malklar
murmur murmur
music muzik
must (v.) dev

N

nail ung
naked nud
name nom
narrow mallargha
nation popol
nature natur
near by che
nearly preskaŭ
neck kol
needle kudril
neither nek
nephew nev
never nenian
new nov
news novaghoj
newspaper gazet
newcomer nova veninto
next morning postironta mateno
nigh apud
night nokt
nine naŭ
nobody's nenies
no means, by, neniel
no one neniu
nor nek
nose naz
not any nenia
nothing nenio
nourish nutr
novelties navaghoj
now nun
nowhere nenie
number nombr
numerals collective end in op
numerals divisive kvin
nurse zorganto
nut nuks

O

obey obe
object objekt

obscure malklara
obscurity malklareco
obstruct malhelp
occasion kaŭz
occupy okup
occur okaz
odor odor
of el
offend ofend
offer ofer
often oft
oil ole
old malnov
old man maljunulo
on pri, sur
one unu
one who (suffix) ist
one's own propr
on the outside of ekstr
opaque malklar
open malferm
order ord; ordon (v.)
ordinary ordinar
other ali

out of	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	ekster
outwardly

over trans
owe shuld
ox bov

P

page pagh
pain dolor, malplezur
paint (v.) pentr
palace palac
pale pal
paler paper
pardon pardon
parents patroj
parsimonious shparema
part part
participles

	active	passive
present,	ant	at
past,	int	it
future,	ont	ot

pass pas
paw maneg
pay pag
peace pac
pear pir

pencil krajon
perhaps eble
permit las, permes
perspicuity klareco
petition pet
physician kuracist
pig pork
pin pingl
pity bedaŭr
place plac
plaintiff plendito
plate teler
play lud
please plach
pleasure plezur, ghoj
plurals end in j
pocket posh
poetry poezio
poison venen
porter pordisto, kortisto
portieres pordokurtenjoj
possible ebla
possibly eble, kredeble
pour versh
powder pulv
power fort
practicable praktika
praise laŭd
pray pregh
preconceive antaŭpens
predecessors aktanoloj
preface antaŭparolo
pregnancy naskonteco
prepare prepar
present prezent, donac
preserve konserv
press prem
previously pri
prick pik
pride fierco
priest pastr
print press
prison malliberajo
probable kredebla
proceed from forvetur
profound profund
propose propos
proud fier
proverb popoldir
pull tir

punish pun
punishment punado
pure pur
purity pureco
pursue pel
push push
putrid putr

Q

quarrel disput
quarter kvarono
quiet trankvil

R

rage koler
rain pluv
rainy pluva
rapid rapid
ray rad
ready pret
real efektiv
receive ricev
recognize rekon
recover (get well) sanigh
red rugh
redeem plenum
redouble (v.) duobligh
reign regn
rejoice ghoij
relate rakont
relation parenc
remain rest
remainder ceter
remember memor
repeat ripet
repent bedaŭr
repose ripoz
represent prezent
require postul
resolute kuragh
respire spir
reveal malkovr
revenge vengh
revengeful venghema

revivify	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	revivigh
revive

reward rekompenc
rich rich
ring ring
right, to be, prav
right (adj.) dekstr

right (justice) pravigho
ripe matur
river river
roast rost
roof tegment
room chambr
root radik
rope shnur
rot putr
rough malglat
rub frot
rule regul
ruler reganto
run kur
run continuously kurad
russian russijano

S

sack sak
sacred sankt
sage sagh
sailor marist
sailors shipestroj (ships' company)
salt sal
same sam
sand sabl
sane san
sanity prudent
satiate sat
satisfied kontent
saturday sabat
savage sovagh
save sav
saving shparema
scarcely apenaŭ
scatter disshut
scholar lernanto
school lernej
scissors tondil
scratch grat
scum shaŭm
seal sigel
seamstress kudristino
search serch
seat segh
see vid
seem shajn
seize kapt
self mem
sell vend

senator senataro
send send
sense senc
separate apart
separately apartigh
separate (v.) disshir
serve serv
sever sep
severe sever
saw kudr
shade, shadow ombr
shake (v.) trem
shame hont
shameless senhonta
sharp akr
shave raz
she sh
shear tond
sheet of paper fol
sell shel
ship ship
ship's captain shipestro
shirt chemiz
shiver trem, ektrem
shoe bot, shu
shop magazin
short mallonga
shut ferm
sick malsana
sick, to be malsanigh
sicker malsanigh
sign sign
signify signif
silent silent
silver argent
similar simil
simple simpl
sin shuld
sing kant
singer kantisto
single unuobla
singular ununombro
sit sed
six ses
skin haŭt
sleep dorm
slide glit
smear shmir
smell flar
smoke fum
smoothe glat

snake serpent
snow negh
so tiel
soap sap
sober sobr
society societ
sofa kanap
soldier militaristo
soldiery militistaro
sole sol
solicitous, to be, zorg
solid, to be, firm
some kelk
some one kelkiu
some one's kelkies
somewhat kelkio
somewhere kelkie
son fil
soon baldaŭ
sound (v.) son
sound (adj.) san
soup sup
sour acid
sow sem
spade fosilo
spare shpar
sparkle bril
speck makul
speech lingvo
spirit anim
spit krach
split fend
spoken gently mallaŭte
spring printempo
sprinkle shprue
stable (n.) stal
stable (adj.) firm
stagger shancel
stairs shtupar
stand (v.) star
star stel
steal shtel
steel shtal
step stup
stepson duonfilo
stick baston
still (adv.) ankoraŭ
still (adj.) trankvil
stir mov
stocking shtrump
stomach stomak

stone shton
stop halt, shtop
store magazin
stove forn
stout dik
straight rekt
straw pajl
street strat
string shnur
strong fort
struggle milit
stuff shtof
subjection dependeco
such tia
suck such
sudden subit
suddenly subite
suffer sufr
sufficent, to be, sufich
sugar suk
summer somer
sun sun
sunday dimanch
supper vespermangh
swallow glut
swear jhur
sweat shvit
sweep bala
sweet dolch
swell shvel
swift rapid
swim nagh
swine pork
swing balanc
sword glav
sympathy kunsent
system sistema

T

table tabl
tail bost
tailor tajlor
talk parol, babil
tall alt
taste gust
tea te
tear (n.) larm
tear (v.) shir
tedious enuiga
telegraphically telegrafe

tell rankont
tempt tent
ten dek
tender (adj.) mol
terrible terura
terror terur
thank dank
that (pro.) tio, tiu, kia
that which, kiu
that (conj.) ke
then tian
there tie
these tiu chi
they ili
thick dik
thief shtelist
thin maldik
thing afer
things worth seeing vidindoja
think pens
thirsty, to be, soif
those vi
thought penso
thread faden
three tri
through and through tra, per
throw jhet
throw away forjhet
thursday jhaŭd
thousand mil
thunder tondr
till ghis
time (adv.) foj, mal (fois)
time (n.) temp
tired, to be, lac
to ghis (jusqu'à)
to-day hodiaŭ, hieraŭ
together with kune
tomb tomb
to-morrow morgaŭ
tongue lingv, lang
too tro (trop)
too ankaŭ (aussi)
tooth dent
top supro
torment turment
touch tush
tower tur
town urb
traffic komerc

trail (v.) tren
tranquil trankvil
translate traduk
transparent travidebl
travel (v.) vetur
travel veturon far
tree arb
tremble trem
trespass shuld
true ver, fidel
truth vereco
tuesday mard

U

uncermoniously senceremonie
uncertain malcert
uncover malkovr
under sub
understand kompren
undress (v.) sin senvestig
uneuphonious malbonsoneca
unfortunate (one) malfelichul

unfortunate (adj.)	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	malfelicha
unhappy

unique sol
upon sur
use (v.) uz
useful util
useless malutil
usual ordinar

V

vain van
vanquish venk
vapor vapor
vast vast
venom venen
verily ver
very tre
very little tre malmult
village vilagh
villager vilaghano
violin violon
visage vizagh
visible videbla

voice voch
void dezerta

W

waddle balanc
wait for atend
wake vek
walk promen
wall mur
warm varm
wash lav
washwoman lavistino
watch-charms montrantoj
water akv
wax (n.) vaks
wax (v.) kresk
way voj
we ni
weak malfort
week semajn
weary, to be, enu
weather veter
wednesday mrekred
weigh pes
welfare bonafarto
well bone
well-known chiu konata
what kia
whatever kio
wheel rad
when kiam
whenever iam
where kie
which kiu
whiskers vangharoj
whistle fajf
white blank
who kiu
whoever kiuaj
whole chiu, tut
whose kies
who lives shall see kiu vivos, tiu vidos
why kial
wickedness malbonado
wife edzino
wild sovagh
will vol
will he nill he vole ne vole

win gajn
wind vent
window fenestr
wine vin
wings flugiloj
winter vintr
wipe vish
wise sagh
wish vol
with kun
withouth sen, ekster
witty sprit
woman virino

wonder mir
wonderful miranda
wood lign
world mond
worm verm
worry, I don’t, about any thing, mi el nenias faras al mi chagrinon
worth ind
worthy inda
wound vund
wretchedness mizer
write skrib

wrong (v.) ofend
wrong, to be, erar

Y

year jar
yellow flav
yes jes
yesterday hieraŭ
yet ankoraŭ
you vi
young jun
youth (n.) junulo