An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language/E

by Alexander MacBain

E

e, accented è, he, it, Ir. é, *ei-s: root ei, i; O.Lat. eis (= is, he, that), ea, she (= eja); Got is, Ger. er, es; Skr. ayam. The O. Ir. neuter was ed, now eadh (as in seadh, ni h-eadh.

ea-, èa-, privative prefix; see eu-.

eabar, mud, puddle, Ir. abar, marshy land, Adamnan's stagnum Aporicum, Loch-aber, E. Ir. cann-ebor (see Innear), *ex-bor, *ad-bor, the bor of tobar, q.v.

eabon, ebony, so Ir.; from Lat. ebenum, Eng. ebony.

eabur, ivory, so Ir.; from Lat. ebur.

each, a horse, so Ir., O. Ir. ech, W. ebol, colt, Br. ebeul, Gaul. Epo-, *ekvo-s; Lat. equus; Ag. S. eoh, Got. aihva-; Skr. açva-s.

eachdaran, eachdra, a pen for strayed sheep; see eachdranach for root.

eachdraidh, a history, Ir. eachdaireachd, history, eachdaire, historian, E. Ir. echtra, adventures; from E. Ir. prep. echtar, without, *ekstero, W. eithr, extra; Lat. extra, externus; from ex (see a, as).

eachdranach, a foreigner, Ir. eachdrannach, O. Ir. echtrann, exter; Lat. extraneus, Eng. strange. From echtar, as in eachdraidh.

eachrais, confusion, mess; cf. Ir. eachrais, a fair, E. Ir. echtress, horse-fight. See each and treas.

èad, jealousy; see eud.

eadar, between, Ir. eidir, O. Ir. eter, itir etar, W. ithr, Cor. yntr, Br. entre, Gaul, inter, *enter, i.e., en-ter, prep. en; Lat. inter; Skr. antár, inside.

†eadh, it seadh, yes, O. Ir. ed; see e.

eadh, space, E. Ir. ed, root ped; Gr. πεδίον, a plain; Lat. oppidum, town; Ch. Sl. pad, tread. Root pedo, go, as in Eng. foot, Lat. pes, pedis, etc.

eadha, the letter e, an aspen tree, Ir. eadhadh:

eadhal, a brand, burning coal (Bibl. Gloss.); see éibheall.

eadhon, to wit, namely, viz, so Ir., O. Ir. idón, *id-souno-, "this here"; for id, see eadh, and souno- is from *sou, *so, as in so. Cf. Gr. οὗ-τος. Stokes (Celt. Decl.) takes id from it, is, goes, root i, go, of Lat. eo, Gr. εἶμι, etc.; he regards id as part of the verb substantive.

eadradh, milking time, Ir. eadarthra, noon, milking time; from eadar+tràth.

eadraig, interpose, eadragainn, interposition, Ir. eadargán, separation; from eadar.

eag, a nick, notch, Ir. feag, Manx agg, W. ag, cleft, *eggâ-: peg?

eagal, feagal, fear, Ir. eaguil, eagla, E. Ir. ecla, O. Ir. ecal (adj.), *ex-gal; see gal, valour.

eagan, perhaps; Dialectic for theagamh.

eagar, order, row, so Ir., E. Ir. ecor, *áith-cor; from aith- and cuir.

eaglais, a church, Ir. eagluis, O. Ir. eclais, W. eglwys, Br. ilis; from Lat. ecclêsia, Eng. ecclesiastic.

eagna, wisdom, so Ir., O. Ir. écne, *aith-gen-; see aith- and gen of aithne. In fact aithne and eagna are the same elements differently accented (*aith-gén-, áith-gen-.

eàirlig, want, poverty, airleig; cf. airleag, lend, borrow.

eàirlin, keel, bottom, end: *air-lann; see lann, land.

eàirneis, furniture; see airneis.

eala, a swan, so Ir., M. Ir. ela, W. alarch, Corn. elerhc, *elaio, *elerko-s; Gr. ἐλέα, reedwarbler, ἐλασᾶς, grosbeak, ἐλεᾶς, owl, ἐλειός, falcon; Lat. olor, swan. Gr. πέλεια, wild dove, Lat. palumba, dove, O.Prus. poalis (do.), have been suggested.

ealach, ealachainn, a peg to hang things on, E. Ir. alchuing, elchuing, dat. alchaing, pl. alchningi.

ealadh, learning, skill, ealaidh, knack, Ir. ealadh, E. Ir. elatha, gen. elathan, W. el, intelligence: root el::al (of eilean)?

èaladh, euladh, a creeping along (as to catch game), Ir. euloighim steal away, E. Ir. élaim, I. flee, O. Ir. élud, evasio; Ger. eilen, hasten, speed; root ei, i, go, Lat. i-re, etc. Hence èalaidhneach, creeping cold. Strachan derives it from *ex-lâjô, root lâ, ela, go, Gr. ελαúνο (as in eilid, etc.). Stokes now *ass-lúim.

ealag, a block, hacking-stock; see ealach.

ealaidh, an ode, song, music; see ealadh.

ealamh, eathlamh, quick, expert, Ir. athlamh, E. Ir. athlom, athlam, *aith-lam; *lam is allied to làmh, hand ("handy" is the idea). See ullamh for discussion of the root lam.

ealbh, a bit, tittle, Ir. ealbha, a multitude, a drove, W. elw, goods, profit, *elvo-; cf. Gaul. Elvetios, Elvio, etc.; *pel-vo-, root pel, full?

ealbhar, a good for nothing fellow (Suth.); from Norse álfr, elf, a vacant, silly person.

ealbhuidh, St John's wort, Ir. eala bhuidh (O'R.):

†ealg, noble, so Ir., E. Ir. elg: Innis Ealga = Ireland. Cf. Elgin, Glen-elg.

ealla nothing ado ("Gabh ealla ris" - have nothing ado with him):

eallach, burden, so Ir., M. Ir. eallach, trappings or load; cf. Ir. eallach, a drove, O. Ir. ellach, conjunctio, *ati-slogos (Zimmer), from sluagh. See uallach and ealt.

eallach, cattle (Arran), so Ir.: cf. O. Ir. ellach, conjunction, *ati-slôgos (Zimmer).

eallsg, a scold, shrew:

ealt, ealta, a covey, drove, flock, Ir. ealta, E. Ir. elta: *ell-tavo-, from peslo-, a brute, Cor. ehal, pecus; O. H. G., fasal, Ag. S. fäsl, proles (Stokes for Cor.). See àl. Ascoli joins O. Ir. ellach, union, and Ir. eallach, a drove, cattle, with ealt. See eallach.

ealltuinn, a razor, Ir. ealtín, O. Ir. altan, W. ellyn, O.Cor. elinn, O. Br. altin, Br. aotenn, *(p)altani; Ger. spalten, cleave; Skr. pat, split; Old.Sl. ras-platti, cut in two.

eaman, tail; see feaman, q.v.

eanach, honour, praise, E. Ir. enech, honour, also face; hence "regard" (Ascoli): *aneqo-, W. enep; root oq of Lat. oc-ulus, etc.

eanach, dandriff, scurf, down:

eanach-gàrraidh, endive, Ir. eanach-garraidh; evidently a corruption of Lat. endiva (Cameron).

eanchaill, eanchainn, brains, Ir. inchinn, E. Ir. inchind, W. ymmenydd, Cor. impinion (= in+pen-), in+ceann, "what is in the head".

eang, foot, footstep, track, bound, Ir. eang, E. Ir. eng, track; cf. root ong given for theagamh.

eang, a gusset, corner; cf. Lat. angulus, Eng. angle.

eangach, a fetter, net, Ir. eangach, a net, chain of nets. From eang, foot.

eangarra, cross-tempered (H.S.D.): "having angles"; from eang.

eangbhaidh, high-mettled, M. Ir. engach, valiant; from eang, a step.

eangladh, entanglement; possibly from the Eng. tangle; not likely founded on eangach.

eanghlas, gruel, milk and water, Ir. eanghlais, E. Ir. englas (fem. a stem), milk and water, green water (Corm.), from in and M. Ir. glas, milk, *glagsa; Gr. γλάγος, γάλα(κτοσ), milk, Lat. lac (= *glak-t). Cormac says it is from en, water, and glas, grey. en = water, *pino (St.).

eanntag, nettles; see deanntag.

eanraich, eanbhruith, soup, juice of boiled flesh, Ir. eanbhruithe, E. Ir. enbruthe, from in and bruith, boil. Corm. and O'Cl. have an obsolete broth, bruithe, flesh, and explain it as "water of flesh". For en, water, see eanghlas. Most dialects make it "chicken-soup", as from eun+bruith.

ear, an ear, the east, from the east, Ir. soir, eastern, anoir, from the east, O. Ir. an-air, ab oriente; really "from before", the prep. an (*apona) of a nall (see a, from), and air (= *ari), before. The observer is supposed to face the sun. The opposite is iar, an iar, from iar, behind, q.v.

earail, an exhortation, O. Ir. eráil, iráil, *air-áil; from àill, desire. Hence earal, provision, caution.

earar, an earar, the day after to-morrow, Ir. oirthior, eastern, day following, day after to-morrow, O. Ir. airther, eastern, *ariteros *pareiteros (Gr. παροίτερος), comparative of air, before.

eararadh, a parching of corn in a pot before grinding: *air-aradh, root ar, as in Lat. aridus, arid?

earasaid, a square of tartan worn over the shoulders by females and fastened by a brooch, a tartan shawl: *air-asaid? Cf. asair for root.

earb, a roe, so Ir., E. Ir. erb, O. Ir. heirp, *erbi-s, Gr. ἔριφος.

earb, trust (vb.), earbsa (n.), Ir. earbaim, O. Ir. erbaim, nomerpimm, confido, *erbiô, let, leave; M.H.G. erbe, bequeath, Ger. erbe, heir, Got. arbja, heir: all allied to Lat. orbus, Eng. orphan.

earball, a tail, so Ir., E. Ir. erball, *áir-ball; from air (= *ari) and ball, q.v. urball in Arran and the West.

earc, heifer (Carm.), cow, Ir. earc, E. Ir. erc, cow (Corm.):

earchall, earachall, misfortune: *air-cáll; from air and call, q.v.

earghalt, arable land; air+geadhail, which see.

eargnaich, inflame, enrage: *áir-gon-; from air and gon? Also feargnaich, which suggests fearg as root.

earlachadh, preparing food (Suth.); from old adj. erlam, ready. See ullamh.

eàrlaid, expectation, trust: *ari-lanti-, root lam of lamh.

eàrlas, earnest, arles; see airleas.

eàrnach, murrain, bloody flux in cattle:

eàrr, end, tail, Ir. earr, E. Ir. err, *ersâ; Gr. ὄρρος, rump; Ag. S. ears, Eng.

earr, scar (Lewis); Norse örr, arr (do.).

earrach, spring, so Ir., O. Ir. errech *persâko-, from pers, which is from per, as eks, (= ex) is from ek; per, before, Lat. per, prœ, Eng. for, fore; as in air, (= ari). The idea is the "first of the year". Cf. Ger. fru"hling, spring, of like descent. Such is Stokes' derivation. Another view is that earrach is from eàrr, end (cf. for form tòs and toiseach, and earrach, lower extremity) meaning the "end of the year', the céitein, May, "first of summer", being the beginning of the year. Not allied to Lat. ver.

earradh, clothes, so Ir., E. Ir. earrad, eirred, *áir-rêd, *ari-reido-n; from reid of réidh. Eng. array comes from the Gaul. equivalent (*ad-rêdare), and Eng. ready is allied. Hence earradh, wares.

earradhubh, the wane, the wane of the moon: *earr+dubh?

earrag, a taunt (a blow, Arms.):

earrag, a shift, refuge, attempt (H.S.D., from MSS.):

earraghlòir, vain glory: *er-glòir; the er is the intensie particle; Lat. per.

earraid, a tip-staff, tearraid, tarraid (Dial.): form Eng. herald?

earraigh, a captain (H.S.D.); see urra.

earrann, a portion, Ir. earrunn, M. Ir. errand, *áir-rann; from rann, portion.

earras, wealth; see earradh.

earrlait, ground manured one year and productive next (Carm.):

eàrr-thalmhuinn, yarrow; see athair-thalmhuinn.

eas, a waterfall, Ir. eas, g. easa, E. Ir. ess, g. esso, *esti- *pesti; Skr. â-patti, mishap ("mis-fall"); Lat. pessum, down, pestis, a pest; Slav. na-pasti, casus (Bez.).

eas-, privative prefix, Ir. eas-, O. Ir. es-, W. eh-, Gaul. ex-, *eks. See a, as, ot.

easach, thin water-gruel; from eas.

easag, a pheasant, a squirrel (M'D.), Ir. easóg, pheasant (Fol.), weasel, squirrel. For the "squirrel-weasel" force, see neas, nios. As "pheasant", it may be founded on the M. Eng. fesaunt, O. Gr. faisan.

easaraich, boiling of a pool, ebullition, bustle; from G. and Ir. esar, a cataract, from eas. *ess-rad-?

easar-chasain, thorough-fare; cf. aisir.

easbalair, a trifling, handsome fellow (M'A.):

easbaloid, absolutino, Ir. easbalóid; from Lat. absolution.

easbhuidh, want, defect, so Ir., E. Ir. esbuid, *ex-buti-s, "being out" of it; from roots as and bu, q.v.

easbuig, a bishop, Ir. easbog, O. Ir. espoc, epscop, W. esgob, Br. eskop; from Lat. episcopus, whence Eng. bishop.

†easg, a ditch, fen, Ir. easgaidh, quagmire, easc, water, E. Ir. esc, water, fen-water, O. British 'Ἰσκα, the Exe (Scotch Esks), *iskâ, water, *(p)idskâ; Gr. πῖδαξ, well, πιδúω, gush. The W. wysg, stream, O. W. uisc requires, *eiskâ, from peid, pîd.

easg, eagann, eel, Ir. eascu, g. eascuinne, O. Ir. escung, "fen-snake", i.e. esc, fen, and ung, snake, Lat. anguis. See easg, ditch.

†easga, the moon (a name for it surviving in Braemar last century), O. Ir. ésca, ésce, œsca, *eid-skio-; from root eid, îd, as in Lat. idus, the ides, "full light", i.e. full moon (Stokes): *encscaio-, Skr. pñjas, light, Gr. φέγγος, light (Strachan).

easgaid, hough; better iosgaid, q.v.

èasgaidh, ready, willing, Ir. éasguidh, E. Ir. escid, W. esgud, Br. escuit; from eu- and sgìth, q.v.

easgraich, a torrent, coarse mixture; see easg.

easp, door latch (Lewis); Norse, hespa (do.).

easradh, ferns collected to litter cattle, E. Ir. esrad, strewing, *ex-sratu-, root ster, strew, Lat. sternere, etc. See casair, bed, under caisil-chrò.

easraich, boiling of a pool, bustle; see easaraich.

eathar, a boat, Ir. eathar, ship, boat, O. Ir. ethar, a boat, *itro-, "journeyer"; from ethaim, I go, *itâo, go, root ei, i; Lat. eo; Gr. ἐ̂ιμι; Lit. eimi; Skr. émi.

eatorra, betweeen them, so Ir., O. Ir. etarro, *etṛ-so, *enter-sôs. For sôs, see sa.

éibh, cry; see éigh.

eibheadh, the aspen, letter e, Ir. eadha; also eadhadh, q.v.

éibheall, éibhleag, a live coal, spark, Ir. eibhleóg, E. Ir. óibell, spark, fire, W. ufel, fire, *oibelos, fire, spark (Stokes).

éibhinn, joyous; see aoibhinn.

eibhrionnach, eirionnach, a young gelded goat; from Sc. aiver (do.), with G. termination of firionnach, etc. Aiver is also aver, worthless old horse, any property, Eng. aver, property, from Lat. habere.

éideadh, éididh, clothing, a suit; see aodach.

eidheann, ivy, Ir. eidhean, E. Ir. edenn, W. eiddew, Cor. idhio, *(p)edenno-, root ped, fasten, hold on; Lat. pedica, a fetter; Eng. fetter, etc. For sense, cf. Lat. hedera, ivy, from ghed, catch, prœhendo, Eng. get.

eididh, a web; apparently a shortened form of éideadh.

éifeachd, effect, so Ir.; from Lat. effectus.

eige, a web, eididh (on analogy of éididh, *veggiâ, root of figh.

eigh, ice; see deigh. Hence eighre, oighre, Ir. oidhir, E. Ir. aigred, W. eiry, snow.

eigh, a file, Ir. oighe: *agiâ; root ag of Eng. axe, Got aqizi.

éigh, a cry, Ir. éigheamh, O. Ir. égem, Celtic root eig; Lettic ígt. Cf. also Lat. aeger (Stokes, Zim).

eighreag, a cloudberry; see oighreag.

éiginn, necessity, Ir. éigin, O. Ir. écen, W. angen, *enknâ (Stokes); Gr. ἀνάγκη (= ἀν-άγκη). Allied by root (ank : enk) to thig, etc.

eildeir, an elder; from the Scotch, Eng. elder.

eile, other, another, Ir. eile, O. Ir. aile, W. aill, all, Br. eil, all, Gaul. allo-, *aljo-, *allo-; Lat. alius; Gr. ἄλλος; Eng. else.

eileach, mill-race, mill-dam, embankment; from ail, stone, "stone-work".

eilean, an Island, Ir. oilean, E. Ir. ailén; from Norse eyland, Eng. island.

eilean, training; see oilean.

eileir, the notch on the staves of a cask where the bottom is fixed. (In Arg. èarrach):

eileir, a deer's walk, eileirig, where deer were driven to battue them. Hence the common place-name Elrick. Bk.of Deer in d-elerc?

eileir, sequestered region, etc.; see eilthir.

eilgheadh, levelling of a field for sowing, first ploughing; cf. Ir. eillgheadh, burial, to which Stokes cfs. Umbrian pelsatu, Gr. θάπτειν, pelsans, sepeliundus. H.Maclean compared the Basque elge, field.

eilid, a hind, so Ir., O. Ir. elit, W. elain, cerva, *elinti-s, *elanî, Gr. ἐλλός, fawn, ἔλαφος (= ἔλνφος), stag; Lit élnis, stag; Arm. eλn; etc.

eilig, willow-herb, epilobium; from Lat. helix.

eilitriom, a bier (H.S.D. for Heb.), Ir. eletrom, eleathrain, M. Ir. eilitrum; from Lat. feretrum (Stokes).

eilthir, a foreign land, eilthireach, a pilgrim, Ir. oilithreach, O. Ir. ailithre, pilgrimage; from eile and tìr, q.v.

eiltich, rejoice:

eineach, bounty, Ir. oineach. Cf. O. Ir. ainech, protectio, root nak, attain, as in tiodhlac. Hence the H.S.D. eineachlann, protection (from Ir.).

eirbhe, dyke or wall between crop-land and hill-land (M'F.):

eirbheirt, moving, stirring; E. Ir. airbert, use, airbiur, dego, fruor: air and beir, q.v.

eirbhir, asking indirectly: "side-say"; air+beir; cf. abair.

eirbleach, slack-jointed or crippled person; cf. Sc. hirplock, lame creature, hirple. The possibility of air-ablach (cf. conablach) should be kept in view.

eirc-chomhla, portcullis (M'D.):

eire, a burden, Ir. eire, E. Ir. ere, O. Ir. aire: *pario, root of air. Cf. Lat. porto.

eireachd, an assembly, Ir. óireachdus, E. Ir. airecht, O. Ir. airect, *air-echt, echt being from the root of thig. Stokes refers it to the same origin as W. araeth, speech, root req, as in O.Slav. reka, speak, Lat. raccare, cry as a lion.

eireachdail, handsome, O. Ir. airegde, præstans, from aire(ch), primas. See airidh.

eireag, a pullet, young hen, Ir. eireog (Fol., O'R.), M. Ir. eirin, W. iaren, Cor. yar, gallina, Br. iarik, *jari-, hen; Lit. jerubė, heathcock, N. Slav. jertŭ, nuthatch (Bez.).

eireallach, a monster, clumsy old carle (Dial., H.S.D.); from eire.

eiriceachd, heresy, so Ir., E. Ir. éres, O. Ir. heretic, hereticus; from the O. Ir. form somehow, which itself is from Lat. hœreticus.

éirich, rise, éirigh, rising, Ir. éirighim, éirghe, E. Ir. érigim, éirgim, inf. O. Ir. éirge, érge, *eks-regô; Lat. ērigo, erect, Eng. erect, rego, I govern; Gr. ὀρέγω, extend; Eng. right; I. E. root reg. See rach.

eiridinn, attendance, patience, O. Ir. airitiu, g. airiten, reception, airema, suscipiat, *ari-em-tin-, root em, grasp, take; Lat. emo, buy; Lit. imù, hold.

éirig, ransom, Ir. éiric, E. Ir. éric, éiricc: *es-recc, "buying or selling out", from reic. Vb. as-renim, reddo, enclitic érnim, impendo.

eirmis, hit, find out, O. Ir. ermaissiu, attaining, irmadatar, intelligunt, irmissid, intelligatis, *air-mess-, *air-med-; root, med, as in meas, judgement, q.v.

éis, delay, impediment; founded on déis?

éisd, listen, hear, Ir. éisdim, O. Ir. étsim. Ascoli analyses it into *étiss, *aith-do-iss, animum instare; the iss he doubtless means as from the reduplicated form of the root sta (cf. O. Ir. air-issim, I stand). an-tus-, great silence! Cf. Ir. éist do bhéal = hush! Root of tosd.

eisg, eisgear, satirist, Ir. eigeas, pl. eigse, a learned man, E. Ir. écess: *ád-gen-s-to? See eagna.

eisimeil, dependence, obligation, M. Ir. esimol, an esimul, *ex-em-mo-lo, root em of eudail. Cf. Lat. exemplum.

eisiomplair, example, Ir. eisiompláir, M. Ir. esimplair; from Lat. exemplar.

eisir, eisiridh, oyster, Ir. eisir, oisre; from M. Eng. oistre, from Lat. ostrea.

eisleach, the withe that ties the tail-beam to the pack-saddle, crupper:

éislean, grief: *an-slàn; cf. Ir. eislinn, weak, E. Ir. eslinn (do.): *ex-slàn; see slàn.

eislinn, boards on which the corpse is laid, a shroud (H.S.D., from MSS.; M'E.):

eite, unhusked ear of corn (M'E.):

éite, éiteadh, stretching, extending:

eiteach, burnt roots of heath:

éiteag, white pebble, precious stone; from Eng. hectic, lapis hecticus, the white hectic stone, used as a remedy against dysentery and diarrhœa (Martin, West Isles, 134). See eitig.

eitean, a kernel, grain, Ir. eitne eithne, E. Ir. eitne (n.).

eithich, false, perjured, Ir. eitheach, a lie, perjury, O. Ir. ethech, perjurium; root pet, fall? Cf. Ir. di-thech, denial on oath, for-tach, admission on oath, di-tongar i. séntar, fortoing, proved by oath: *tongô, swear. See freiteach for root.

eitich, refuse, Ir. eitighim. For root, etc., see under freiteach.

éitigh, fierce, dismal, O. Ir. étig, turpe, adétche, abomination. Scarcely *an-teg-, "un-wonted, un-house-like" (Zim.), for G. would be éidigh. This Stokes (Bez. Beit 21) makes *an-teki-s, not fair, W. têg, fair, Gr. τίκτω, produce, τέκνον, child, Eng. thing. Still G. should be éidigh.

eith, go (Sutherland), dh'eithinn, would go, Ir. eathaim, E. Ir. ethaim, *itâô; root ei, i; Lat. ire, itum; Gr. εἶμι, etc.

eitig, consumption; from Sc. etick, from Fr. étique, hectique, Eng. hectic.

eitreach, storm, sorrow: *aith-ter-? See tuirse.

eòisle, a charm; a metathesis of eòlas.

eòl, eòlas, knowledge, Ir. eól, eolas, E. Ir. eólas, O. Ir. heulas, d-eulus: *ivo-lestu?

eòrna, barley, Ir. eórna, E. Ir. eorna, *jevo-rnio-, *jevo-; Gr. ζειά, spelt; Skr. yáva, corn, barley; Lit. jawai, corn.

eothanachadh, languishing (H.S.D. gives it as Dial.; M'E.); see feodhaich.

eu-, negative prefix, Ir. ea-, éu-, O. Ir. é-. It stands for an- before c, t, p, and s. See an-.

eucail, disease: an+cáil, q.v.

euchd, a feat, exploit, Ir. éachd, feat, covenant, condition; E. Ir. écht, murder, slaughter, from éc (St.).

euchdag, a fair maid, a charmer: "featsome one", from euchd.

eud, jealousy, zeal, Ir. éad, O. Ir. ét, W. addiant (= add-iant), longing, regret, Gaul. iantu- in Iantumarus, *jantu-; Skr. yatná, zeal; Gr. ζητέω, seek, ζῆλος, zeal, Eng. zeal; root jâ, jat, strive.

eudail, treasure, cattle, Ir. éadáil, eudáil, profit, prey, E. Ir. étail, treasure, booty, E. Ir. ét, herds, riches: *em-tâli-, root em, hold, as in Lat. emo (see eiridinn). Also feudail. éd = áirneis no spréidh, O'Cl.

eug, death, Ir. eug, O. Ir. éc, W. angeu, Cor. and O. Br. ancou, *enku-s, *enkevo-; Lat. nex, death; Gr. νέκυς, corpse; Skr. nac̭, perish.

eugail, disease; see eucail

eugais, eugmhais, as eugais, without, Ir. égmhuis, want, dispensation, E. Ir. écmais: *an-comas, "non-power"?

eug-, negative prefix, as in eugsamhuil = an-con-samuil: see cosmhail.

euladh, creeping away; see èaladh.

eumhann, a pearl (H.S.D. from MSS.), O. Ir. ném, g. némann, pearl, níam, sheen, níamda, bright, W. nwyf, vigour, nwyfiant, brightness, vigour: *neim. Cf. neamhnuid.

eun, a bird, Ir. eun, O. Ir. én, O. W. etn, W. edn, Cor. hethen, Br. ezn, *etno-s, *petno-, root pet, fly; Gr. πέτομαι, fly, πετηνά, fowls; Lat. penna, wing; Eng. feather; Skr. pátati, fly. Hence eunlaith, birds, E. Ir. énlaith.

eur, refuse, Ir. eura, refusal, E. Ir. éra, eraim, *ex-rajo- (n.), root râ, give, W. rhoi, give, Cor. ry, Br. reiff, give; Skr. ráti, give, Zend râ. See rath, luck, favour.