Birds of North and Middle America, part V/Genus 23. Anthracothorax Boie

From Wikisource
Jump to navigation Jump to search
​

Genus ANTHRACOTHORAX Boie.

Lampornis (not of Swainson, June, 1827[1]) Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, Dec, 1827, 358. (Type, Trochilus mango Linnæus.)
Anthracothorax Boie, Isis, 1831, 545. (Type, Trochilus violicauda Boddaert, i. e., T. nigricollis Vieillot.)
Smaragdites Boie, Isis, 1831, 547. (Type, Trochilus dominicus Linnæus.)
[Anthracothorax.] β Floresia Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colib., 1854, 11. (Type, Trochilus porphyrurus Shaw=T. mango Linnæus.)
[Anthracothorax.] δ Hypophania Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colib., 1854, 11. (Type, Trochilus dominicus Linnæus.)
Margarochrysis Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colib., 1854, 11. (Type, Trochilus aurulentus Vieillot.)
Endoxa[2] Heine, Journ. für Orn., 1863, 179, in text. (Substitute for Floresia Reichenbach.)

Rather large Trochilidæ (length about 110-120 mm.), with broad, rounded or emarginate tail more than half as long as wing, bill ​decidedly longer than head, stout, more or less decurved, terminal portion of maxillary toniimn minutely serrate, and color of tail mainly either chestnut glossed with purple, or else (in A. viridis) bright bluish green or steel blue.

Bill decidedly longer than head, stout, rather broad and depressed basally, faintly to decidedly decurved; culmen rounded but at base contracted into a distinct narrow ridge; terminal portion of maxillary tomium minutely serrate; mandible with a broad lateral median sulcus or groove, which basally involves the greater part of upper half of the ramus. Nasal operculum very narrow anteriorly, nude for anterior and exterior portion, the frontal feathering extending anteriorly much beyond middle of nasal operculum, forming a more or less distinct but sometimes very short and obtuse point or antia on each side of the mesorhinium. Tarsus naked, rather stout; lateral toes nearly equal in length (or the outer one slightly longer), both slightly shorter than middle toe, the hallux shorter than lateral toes; claws relatively small. Wing less than three times as long as exposed culmen, the outermost primary longest. Tail more than half as long as wing, slightly rounded or emarginate, the rectrices broad, firm, rounded, or broadly subangular terminally.

Coloration. — Above metallic green, bronze-green, bronze or olive glossed with coppery bronze; tail (except middle rectrices) chestnut glossed with metallic violet or purple and margined with blackish, or else dark steel blue, greenish blue, or bluish green; adult males with under parts metallic green (with or without black on throat or chest), black medially bordered laterally with greenish blue or (on neck) with metallic violet-red, or else chin and throat greenish golden bronze, breast black; adult females (except of A. mango and A. viridis, in which sexes are alike in color), wholly dull whitish beneath (A. dominicus and A. aurulentus), or with a black, green, or bluish median stripe bordered laterally with a whitish one.

Range. — Southern Mexico to Cayenne, eastern Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru; Greater Antilles (Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, and St. Thomas). (Nine species.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ANTHRACOTHORAX.

a. Tail not steel blue; under parts not uniform green (if green the chest more bluish, in contrast with emerald green of throat and bronze-green of sides).

b. Sides of neck metallic reddish purple or purplish red; under parts wholly black, or else chin and throat (only) dark metallic greenish or bluish. (Jamaica.)
Anthracothorax mango, both sexes (p. 457).
bb. Sides of neck not metallic purple or reddish; under parts not wholly black, nor with chin and throat dark metallic greenish or bluish.
c. Under parts without white (except femoral tufts). (Adult males.)
d. Throat black, at least medially.
e. Throat and under parts of body broadly (mostly) black. (Anthracothorax nigricollis.) ​
f. Smaller (wing of adult male averaging 66.9, tail 37.2, culmen 23.5; female, wing 65.2, tail 35.2, culmen 24.1); metallic color bordering black of throat and chest more bluish. (South America east of Andes to Panamá; St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea.)
Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis, adult male (p. 459).
ff. Larger (wing of adult male averaging 67.2, tail 37, culmen 25.3; female, wing 69.5, tail 37, culmen 27.2); metallic color bordering black of throat and chest more greenish. (Western Ecuadór.)
Anthracothorax nigricollis iridescens (extralimital).[3]
ee. Throat and under parts of body narrowly black (medially), the latter sometimes merely darker green or bluish along median line. (Anthracothorax prevosti.)
f. Bill longer (culmen averaging 26.2); under parts of body usually more distinctly blackish along median line. (Southern Mexico to Honduras.)
Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii, adult male (p. 463).
ff. Bill shorter (culmen averaging less than 25); under parts of body less distinctly blackish along median line.
g. Bill more slender, the culmen 23.5-25.5; upper parts and lateral under parts metallic green or bronze-green. (Nicaragua and Costa Rica.)
Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris, adult male (p. 465).
gg. Bill stouter and shorter, the culmen 22-23.5; upper parts and lateral under parts bronze or golden bronze. (Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea.)
Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni, adult male (p. 466).
dd. Throat metallic green or bronze.
e. Chest only partly black or without black, throat emerald green or bright golden green.
f. A black spot on chest; center of abdomen blackish. (Trinidád and Venezuela to Lower Amazon.)
Anthracothorax gramineus (extralimital).[4]
ff. No black on chest. (Panamá, and southern Costa Rica.)
Anthracothorax veragnensis, adult male (p. 467).
ee. Chest wholly black.
f. Under parts of body mostly (sometimes wholly[5]) black; upper parts dark or deep bronze-green; larger (wing averaging 67.9, tail 42.9, culmen 23.8). (Island of Haiti.)
Anthracothorax dominicus, adult male (p. 468).
​
ff. Under parts of body with black confined to chest and upper breast; upper parts more bronzy; smaller (wing averaging 62.5, tail 36.7, culmen 22.9). (Island of Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Johns, and Anegada.)
Anthracothorax aurulentus, adult male (p. 470).
cc. Under parts partly white.
d. Under parts with a median stripe of black, black and bluish green, or bluish green, bordered laterally (on each side) by a stripe of white.
e. Median stripe wholly black.
f. Smaller (wing averaging 65.2, tail 35.2, culmen 24.1).

Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis, female and young (pp. 459,

460).
ff. Larger (wing averaging 69.5, tail 37, culmen 27.2).
Anthracothorax nigricollis iridescens, female and young (extralimital).
ee. Median stripe only partly black or without black.
f. Median stripe black on throat, bluish green on chest and breast.
g. Bill longer (culmen 25-31, averaging 28.1).
Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii, female and young (pp. 463, 464).
gg. Bill shorter (culmen 22-28, averaging much less than 28).
h. Culmen 22.5-28, averaging 25.4.
Antracothorax prevostii gracilirostris, female and young (p. 465).
hh. Culmen 22-23.5, averaging 22.7.
Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni, female and young (p. 466).
ff. Median stripe green on throat, black on chest, breast, and abdomen.
Anthracothorax gramineus, female and young (extralimital).
ee. Median stripe wholly bluish green.
Anthracothorax veraguensis, female and young (p. 467).
dd. Under parts pale grayish without any black or greenish median stripe.
e. Larger (wing averaging 65.3, tail 37.5, culmen 25.6); lateral rectrices extensively chestnut basally; lateral under parts conspicuously spotted with metallic green; green of upper parts less bronzy.
Anthracothorax dominicus, female and young (pp. 468, 469).
ee. Smaller (wing averaging 58.1, tail 32.7, culmen 23.6); lateral rectrices with little if any chestnut; lateral under parts with little if any metallic green spotting; green of upper parts more bronzy.
Anthracothorax aurulentus, female and young (pp. 470, 471).

aa. Tail steel blue; under parts uniform green. (Island of Porto Rico.)

Anthracothorax virldis, both sexes (p. 472).

ANTHRACOTHORAX MANGO (Linnæus).

MANGO HUMMING BIRD.

Adult male. — Pileum dull dusky bronze, the feathers narrowly and indistinctly margined with darker; occiput, hindneck, upper back, anterior scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts metallic coppery purple, the feathers grayish dusky at base and with a concealed subterminal band of greenish bronze; lower back, posterior scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts dull dusky greenish bronze, more or less tinged with coppery bronze or purplish, the lower back sometimes strongly so; middle pair of rectrices varying from dusky greenish bronze to dull black; remaining rectrices deep chestnut, margined terminally with dark bluish green, dusky bronze-green, or blackish (the outer- most rectrix also edged along outer web with the same), the chestnut portion of rectrices glossed with metallic purple, violet, or bluish; ​greater wing-coverts dusky bronze or very dark bronze-greenish; remiges dull brownish slate or dusky, the secondaries usually faintly glossed with bronze-greenish; under parts plain velvety black, glossed with bluish green when viewed from behind, the under tail- coverts more strongly glossed with greenish; loral, rictal, and auricular regions and sides of neck bright metallic purple or reddish purple (aster purple to violet); femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill dull black; iris brown; feet dusky; length (skins), 117-130 (126); wing, 69-77 (73.5); tail, 38.5-44.5 (41.6); culmen, 25-30 (26.8).[6]

Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but coloration decidedly duller (especially the black of under parts), tail less brilliant, and rectrices margined terminally (more or less distinctly) with pale grayish or dull whitish; length (skins), 123-136 (127); wing, 69.5-75 (71.2); tail, 40.5-43.5 (41.7); culmen, 26-29 (27.6).[6]

Immature? — Similar to adults, as described above, but chin and throat dull metallic bluish green (viewed from in front), middle rec- trices more blackish (less metallic), and outer two or three rectrices (on each side) tipped, more or less, with whitish.[7]

Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles (Metcalfe Parish; Hope Gardens; Port Antonio; Port Henderson; Kingston; Spanishtown; Priestmans River; Moneague).

[Trochilus] mango Linnæus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 128 (based on Mellivora mango Albin, Av., iii, 45, pl. 49, fig. 1); ed. 12, i, 1766, 191 (cites Mellivora avis maxima Sloane, Nat. Hist. Jam., ii, 305, pl. 264, fig. 3). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 491. — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 307.
Trochilus mango Lesson, Index Gen. et Synop. Troch., 1832, p. x, part (Jamaica).
Lampornis mango Gosse, Birds Jam., 1847, 88; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pl. 18. — March, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 284. — Elliot, Ibis, 1872, 350 (crit.); Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 39. — Mulsant and Verreaux, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., iv, livr. 2, 1877, 155 (crit.). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 311. — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 349; Birds West Ind., 1889, 144; Cat. West Ind. Birds, 1892, 12, 106, 130. — Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 91. — Scott, Auk, ix, 1892, 277. — Field, Auk, xi, 1894, 125 (Port Henderson). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 327. — Lodge, Ibis, 1896, 497 (habits).
[Lampornis] mango Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81. — Cory, List Birds West Ind., 1885, 17. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 118.
L[ampornis] mango Newton, Handb. Jam., 1881, 108. — Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 97. ​
[Endoxa] mango Heine and Reichenow, Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 175.
Trochilus porphyrurus Shaw, Nat. Misc, ix, no. 9, May, 1798, pl. 333 ("South America and neighboring islands"); Gen. Zool., viii, 1811, 296.
[Anthracothorax. β. Floresia] porphyrurus Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 11.
[Anthracothorax] porphyrurus Reichenbach, Troch. Enum., 1855, 8, pl. 795, figs. 4849, 4850.
[Lampornis] porphyrurus Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, 250. — Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 203.
Lampornis porphyrurus Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xv. May, 1858 (vol. v, 1861), pl. 81; Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 67. — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 291. — Mulsant and Verreaux, Classif. Troch., 1866, 24; Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i. livr. 2, 1874, 163.
Lampornis porphyrura Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 79. — Albrecht, Journ. für Orn., 1862, 201.
L[ampornis] porphyrura Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iii, 1860, 19.
P[olytmus] porphyrurus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, Dec, 1848, 108.
[Polytmus] porphyrurus Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 126, no. 1589.
E[ndoxa] porphyrura Heine, Journ. für Orn., 1863, 179.
T[rochilus] floresii Bourcier and Mulsant, Ann. Sci. Phys. et Nat. d'Agric. Lyon, ix, 1846, 327 (Jamaica); Rev. Zool., 1846, 316.
[Lampornis] floresi Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 72; Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, 2-50.

ANTHRACOTHORAX NIGRICOLLIS NIGRICOLLIS (Vieillot).

BLACK-THROATED MANGO.

Adult male. — Above metallic bronze-green, darker and duller on pileum, more decidedly bronzy (sometimes pure golden or coppery bronze) on rump; middle pair of rectrices varying from dull greenish bronze to dusky, slightly glossed with bronze or greenish; remaining rectrices deep maroon-chestnut, glossed with metallic purple, and margined terminally with dark metallic greenish blue, or black glossed with bluish or greenish, this extending along edge of outer web of outermost rectrix for more than terminal half (sometimes nearly to base); remiges dusky brownish slate; chin, throat, and median portion of chest, breast, and abdomen plain velvety black, faintly glossed with bluish when viewed from behind; loral and rictal regions, and thence along each side of the black area of middle under parts as far as flanks, metallic greenish blue or bluish green next to the black, passing outwardly through pure green into yellowish green; under tail-coverts mixed metallic green and blackish; femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill dull black; iris brown; feet dusky; length (skins), 103-129 (113); wing, 61.5-70.5 (66.9); tail, 34-40.5 (37.2); culmen, 21.5-25.5 (23.5).[8]

Adult female. — Above similar to the adult male but lateral rectrices with blackish terminal portion more extended, the tip (at least of ​two or three outermost rectrices), more or less extensively, whitish; median under parts, from chin to anal region, velvety black, this forming a broad stripe, along each side of which extends a broad stripe of white, from base of mandible to thighs, the sides of neck, sides of chest and breast, sides and flanks metallic bronze or bronze-green; under tail-coverts bronze-green centrally, passing into grayish basally, margined terminally or tipped (more or less broadly) with whitish or pale grayish; femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill, etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 103-125 (112); wing, 62.5-67.5 (65.2); tail, 33-87 (35.2); culmen, 22-27 (24.1).[9]

Young. — Similar to the adult female, but feathers of upper parts, including wing-coverts, tipped with pale brownish buffy, those of sides and flanks similarly but less distinctly marked, and sometimes with the white along each side of median black stripe of under parts intermixed with light brown.

Panamá (Loma del León; Paraiso; Panamá) and southward through Colombia (Bogotá; Masinga, Bonda, Don Amo, and Sierra Nevada, Santa Marta; Cartagena; Cauca Valley; lower Magdalena; Bucaramanga) , Venezuela (Cumanacoa; Maipures; Munduapo; Cariban; Suapuré; Tembladór; Andes de Cumaná; Mérida), British Guiana (Demerara; Roraima; Aunai), Cayenne and Brazil (Mexiana Island; Para; Santarem; Bahia; Rio de Janeiro; Pernambuco; Santa Clara, Goiaz; Tonantins; Humaytha, Rio Madeira; Teffé; Piquete, ​São Paulo; Chapada, Matte Grosso) to Paraguay (Lambaré), Bolivia (Moxos; Guarayos), eastern Peru (Pebas; Yurimaguas; Xoberos), and eastern Ecuadór (Sarayacu); Trinidád; St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea.

(?)Trochilus violicauda Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 41 (based on Le Colibri à queue violette de Cayenne Buffon, Pl. Enl., pl. 671, fig. 2.
Lampornis violicauda Elliot, Ibis, 1872, 351; 1877, 141 (Moxos and Guarayos, Bolivia); Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 38. — Layard, Ibis, 1873, 388 (Pará, Brazil; food). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, 235 (Mérida, Venezuela); 1879, 528 (Colombia), 626 (Moxos and Guarayos, Bolivia). — Boucard, The Hum. Bird, ii, 1892, 85 (Bogotá, Colombia). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 310 (specimens in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1881, 361; Ibis, 1885, 432 (Roraima, Brit. Guiana, 3,500 ft.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 92, part (Lion Hill and Paraiso, Panamá; Cauca Valley and Bogotá, Colombia; Roraima, Brit. Guiana; Mexiana I., Santarém, Pará, Pemambuco, Bahia, etc., Brazil; Trinidád; Cobati, Rio Negro; upper Amazons) . — Taczanowski, Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 281. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 277 (Lion Hill and Paraiso, Panamá). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 56 (Trinidád). — Phelps, Auk, xiv, 1897, 366 (Cumanacoa, Venezuela). — Loat, Ibis, 1898, 565 (Brit. Guiana). — Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 135 (Santa Marta, Colombia); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 19 (Loma del León, Panamá). — Ihering, Aves de S. Paulo, 1899, 255 (Piquete); Rev. Mus. Paulista, iv, 1900, 72 (descr. nest and eggs); iv, 1900, 159 (Cantogallo and Novo Friburgo, s. Brazil). — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 301, in text (St. Andrews Is., Caribbean Sea). — Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 122 (Chapada, Matto Grosso); xiii, 1900, 141 (Bonda, etc., Santa Marta). — Hagman, Zool. Jahrb., 1907, 34 (Mexiana I.).
[Lampornis] violicauda Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 118.
(?)[Trochiliis] punctulatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 488 ("Nova Hispania"). — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 306.
(?)Trochilus] punctulatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 358; Tabl. Enc. Méth., 1822, 552.
(?)[Trochilus] albus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 488.
(?)[Trochilus] nitidus Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 305 (new name for T. albus Gmelin).
(?)Trochilus nitidus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 354 (cites Ois. Dor., pl. 11).
(?)Trochilus punctatus Audebert and Vieillot, Ois. Dorés, i, 1801, 21, pl. 8 — Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 357; Tabl. Enc. Méth., 1822, 550.
(?)Trochilus fasciatus Shaw, Gen. Zool., viii, part i, 1812, 303 (Paraguay).
Trochilus nigricollis Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 349 (Brazil); Tabl. Enc. Méth., 1822, 553.
Lampomis nigricollis Berlepsch, Journ. für Orn., 1884, 309 (Bucaramanga, Colombia; crit. nomencl.); 1887, 17 (Lambaré, Paraguay), 120 (Paraguay), 316 (Bogotá; synonymy); 1889, 100 (Tonantins, n. w. Brazil; n. e. Peru), 305 (Yurimaguas, e. Pem); Zeitschr. Orn., 1887, 186 (Bogotá). — Simon, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, ii, 1889, 219 (San Esteban, Venezuela). — Berelpsch ​and Ihering, Zeitschr. Orn., 1885, 152 (crit.). — Ridgway, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1890 (1891), 377 (monogr.).— Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 331. — Koenigswald, Journ. für Orn., 1896, 370 (São Paulo, s. Brazil). — Simon and Dalmas, xi, 1901, 215 (Trinidád; Andes de Cumaná, Venezuela). — Berlepsch and Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1902, 87 (Maipures, Munduapo, Caribán, Suapuré, Temblador, and La Pricion, Venezuela). — (?)Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, 22 (La Mercéd, centr. Peru; crit.). — Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., vi, 1904, 331 (Paraguay).
L[ampornis] nigricollis Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 97.
Anthracothorox nigricollis Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiv, 1907, 78 (Teffé, Brazil), 396 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira, Brazil). — Berlepsch, Novit. Zool., xv, 1908, 263 (Cayenne).
Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xv, 1908, 77 (Leopoldina, Brazil).
Trochilus mango (not of Linnæus) Audebert and Vieillot, Ois. Dorés, i, 1801, 20, pl. 7. — Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 81. — Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 353. — Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibr., 1830-31, 58, 62, 64, pls. 13, 13 bis, 14; Index Gen. et Synop. Troch., 1832, p. x. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 480, pl. 184 ("Key West, Florida"); Synopsis, 1839, 170; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 186, pi. 251.
T[rochilus] mango Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 13 (Brazil).
[Lampornis] mango Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 71; Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, 250.— Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 202.
L[ampornis] mango Swainson, Birds Brazil, etc., "1834-1841," pl. 28. — Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iii, 1860, 19 (Brazil).
Lampornis mango Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 10. — Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xii, Sept., 1856 (vol. ii), pi. 74; Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 64. — Burmeister, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., ii, 1856, 331; Journ. für Orn., 1865, 229.— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 16 (Bogotá, Colombia), 263 (Santarém, lower Amazon) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 290 (Trinidád). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 130 ("Key West, Florida").— Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1862, 319 (Panamá). — Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 365 (Panamá); 1866, 193 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuadór); 1867, 584 (Mexiana I.; Cobati, Rio Negro), 752 (Xeberos, e. Peru), 979 (Pebas, e. Peru); 1868, 169 (Venezuela), 628 (Venezuela); 1873, 287 (Sarayacu, Xeberos, and Pebas, e. Peru). — Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 91 (Trinidád; habits). — Mulsant and Verreaux, Classif. Troch., 1866, 24; Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i, livr. 2, 1874, 155, livr. 3, 1874, pl. 10; iv, livr. 2, 1877, 155 (crit.). — Euler, Journ. für Orn., 1867, 221 (Brazil; descr. nest and eggs). — Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., i, Abth., 1868, 28; iv, Abth., 1870, 407. — Reinhardt, Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjöb., 1870, 103 (Brazil). — Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 562 (Trinidád). — Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 376 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). — Cabanis, Journ. für Orn., 1874, 225 (Brazil). — Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, footnote. — Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 80 (Santarém); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 88. — Eudes-Deslongchamps, Ann. Mus. Caen, i, 1880, 189.
[Lampornis] mango? Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 184.
Anthracothorax mango Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 11; Troch. Enum., 1855, 8, pl. 791, figs. 4839-4841.
Polytmus mango Léotaud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 131.
[Polytmus] mango Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 125, no. 1576.
Trochilus mango var. Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 353 (cites Ois. Dorés, pl. 7).
(?) Trochilus quadricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 353 (Paraguay; based on Turqui de Baxo Azara). ​
(?) Trochilus alricapillus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 354 (Paraguay; based on del faxa negra a lo largo Azara).
(?) Lamponiis obscura Boucard, The Hum. Bird, i, no. 4, April 1, 1891, 25 (Brazil; coll. A. Boucard; =melanism?).
(?) Lamponiis violicauda var. Boucard, Proc. Zool. Sjc. Lond., 1879, 178 (=melanism?).

ANTHRACOTHORAX PREVOSTII PREVOSTII (Lesson).

PREVOST'S MANGO.

Adult male. — Above metallic bronze-green or greenish bronze; middle pair of rectrices dull dusky bronze-green, varying to dull coppery bronze, the other rectrices deep purplish maroon strongly glossed with metallic violet-purple, margined terminally (rather broadly) with black; remiges dusky brownish slate; median portion of chin and throat (broadly) velvety black; sides of chin and throat (narrowly), malar region, lower foreneck, chest, and median portion of breast and abdomen metallic bluish green, the feathers dull black or dusky beneath surface, auricular region, sides of neck, sides of chest and breast, sides, and flanks bronze-green; under tail-coverts dusky, often intermixed mth deep purplish chestnut (the latter sometimes prevailing); femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill dull black; iris dark brown; feet dusky; length (skins), 110-120 (115); wing, 63.5-68.5 (66); tail, 34-37 (35.6); culmen, 24-29 (26.2).[10]

Adult female. — Above much less bronzy than adult male, often nearly pure metallic green; lateral rectrices with brownish gray and ​dusky usually replacing purplish on basal portion of outer webs, or with the purplish more restricted (on both webs), the tip (broadly on outermost rectrix) abruptly grayish white; primaries dusky brownish slate; median portion of chin and throat velvety black (this sometimes broken or irregular), the median portion of chest and breast metallic bluish green, passing into dusky on median line of abdomen; sides of chin and throat, malar region, and thence posteriorly to thighs, white; sides of neck, sides of chest, sides of breast, sides, and flanks metallic greenish bronze, sometimes washed or intermixed with purplish bronze; under tail-coverts grayish bronzy, tipped or terminally margined with white; femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill, etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 103-121 (114); wing, 62-69 (64.7); tail, 32-38 (34.3); culmen, 25-31 (28.1).[11]

Immature male and female. — Similar to the adult female, but chin and upper throat white, and sides of chin and throat (sometimes sides of chest and breast also) spotted or overlaid with chestnut (the feathers white beneath surface).

Southeastern Mexico in States of Tamaulipas (Tampico; Tantina; Alta Aira), Vera Cruz (Córdova; Jalapa; Misantla; Choapám; Catemaco; Tlalcotalpám ; Coatzocoalcos; Antigua), Oaxaca (Santa Efigénia; Tehuántepec), Chiapas (Palénque), and Yucatan (La Vega; Chichen-Itza ; Labna; between Ticúl and Uxmál; Cozumél, Meco, Mugeres, and Holbox islands), southward through British Honduras (Belize; Half Moon Cay; Isabella; Manatee Lagoon) and Guatemala (Santa Ana, Petén; Lake Petén; Escuintla; Hacienda de la Concepción) to Honduras (San Pedro ; Bonaca Island).

Trochilus prevostii Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibr., 1830-31, 87, pl. 24 (locality unknown); Index Gen. et Synop. Troch., 1832, p. xii (Surinam?). — ?Bourcier, Rev. Zool., vi. 1843, 99 ("Caracas").
{?)T[rochilus] prevostii Bourcier and Mulsant, Ann. Soc. d'Agr. Lyon, vi, 1843, 39 ("Caracas").
P[olytmus] prevostii Gray, Gen. Birds, i, Dec, 1848, 108.
[Polytmus] prevostii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 125, no. 1577.
[Lampornis] prevosti Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 72; Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, 250. — Sclater and Author:Osbert Salvin|Salvin]], Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81, part. — Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 203. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 118, part.
Lampornis prevosti Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xv, 1858, (vol. ii), pl. 75, part; Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 65, part. — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 287 (Mexico); 1859, 367 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 385 (Choapám, Vera Cruz). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 127 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 837 (Atlantic coast Honduras). — Mulsant and Verreaux, Classif. Troch., 1866, 24; Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i, livr. 3, 1874, 160 (Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico); iv, livr. 2, 1877, 156. — Salvin, Ibis, 1860, 272 (Escuintla, Guatemala); 1864, 380 (Half Moon Cay, Brit. Honduras); 1889, ​365 (Meco, Mugeres, Holbox, and Cozumél islands, Yucatan; crit.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 98, part (Alta Mira, Tampico, and Tantina, s. Tamaulipas; Misantla, Vera Cruz; Cozumél I., etc., Yucatan; Bonaca I., Honduras; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Santa Ana and Escuintla, Guatemala). — Boucard, Notes quelques Troch., 1873, 7 (Córdova and Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 451 (Yucatan); Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xx; 1874, 275 (Córdova); Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 332, part (excl. syn. hendersoni Cory). — Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 32 (Santa Efigénia, Oaxaca). — Elliot, Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 39, part. — Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 207 (between Ticúl and Uxmál and at Labna, Yucatan). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 278, part (localities in Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Yucatan, and Brit. Honduras; Uvero, etc., Vera Cruz; Hacienda de la Concepción, etc., Guatemala; San Pedro, etc., Honduras). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, 1896, 284 (Chichen-Itza. Yucatan). — Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 221, part (Isabella, Brit. Honduras).
L[amponis] prevosti Ridgway, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1890 (1891), 377, part. — Simon, Rev. Franç. d'Orn., no. 1, 1909, 9, 10, in text, part (crit.).
[Anthracothorax] prevostii Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 11; Troch. Enum., 1855, 8, pl. 792, figs. 4842-4844.
A[nthracothorax] p[revosti] prevosti Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxiii, April 19, 1910, 55, in text.
Lampornis thalassinus Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iii, Feb. 26, 1885, 3 (Cozumél Island, Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Lampornis prevosti thalassinus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, no. 36, Oct. 17, 1885, 573 (Cozumél; descr. ; crit.).
Lampornis mango (not Trochilus mango Linnæus) D'Oca, La Naturaleza, iii, 1875, 62; Troq. de Mex., 1875, 25, pl. (4), fig. 16.— Sanchez, Anal. Mus. Nac. Mex., i, 1877, 96.
L[ampornis] prevosti (typicus) Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 98, part.

ANTHRACOTHORAX PREVOSTH GRACILIROSTRIS Ridgway.

SLENDER-BILLED MANGO.

Similar to A. p. prevostii, but with decidedly shorter and more slender bill; upper parts and sides decidedly less bronzy or golden green, and under tail-coverts averaging darker.

Adult male.— Length (skins), 105-119 (110); wing, 64-68 (65.9); tail, 34.5-37 (35.3); culmen, 23.5-25.5 (24.4).[12]

Adult female.— Length (skins), 105-118 (111); wing, 63.5-69 (65.2); tail, 33-38 (35.4); cuhnen, 22.5-28 (25.4).[13]

Nicaragua (Los Sábalos; San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua; San Carlos; Grenada; Matagalpa?) and Costa Rica (Bolsón; Bebedero; San Pedro ; Rio Turubales) ; Venezuela?[14]

Lampornis prevostii (not Trochilus prevostii Lesson) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 121 (Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Journ. für Orn., 1869, 315 (Costa Rica). ​
[Lampornis] prevosti Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81, part (Costa Rica). — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 118, part (Costa Rica).
Lampornis prevosti Elliot, Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 39, part (Costa Rica). — Zeledón, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 20. — Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 98, part (Bebedero, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 278, part (Bebedero). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 517 (Los Sábalos and San Carlos, Nicaragua). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 332, part. — Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 221, part (Grenada, Nicaragua).
L[ampornis] prevosti Ridgway, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1890 (1891), 377, part (Costa Rica). — Simon, Rev. Franç. d'Orn., no. 1, 1909, 9, 10, in text, part (Costa Rica; crit.).
(?)Lampornis violacauda (not Trochilus violicauda Boddaert) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 221 (Grenada, Nicaragua).
L[ampornis] prevosti {typicus) Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 98, part.
Anthracothorax prevosti prevosti Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 538 (Costa Rica).
Anthracothorax prevosti gracilirostris Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxiii, April 19, 1910, 55 (Bolsón, Costa Rica; coll. E. A. and 0. Bangs).

ANTHRACOTHORAX PREVOSTII HENDERSONI (Cory).

HENDERSON'S MANGO.

Similar to A. p. gracilirostris in smallness of bill, but upper parts, sides, and flanks conspicuously more bronzy (greenish bronze to almost golden bronze) and green color bordering black throat-stripe much less bluish.

Adult male.— Length (skins), 104-112 (109); wing, 65.5-68.5 (67) tail, 35.5-38 (36.7); culmen, 22-23.5 (22.9).[15]

Adult female.— Length (skins), 106-107 (106.5); wing, 63.5-69 (66.2); tail, 33-37 (35); culmen, 22-23.5 (22.7).[16]

Island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea.

Lampornis hendersoni Cory, Descr. Six New Sp. B. Isl. Old Providence and St. Andrews, May 27, 1887, 1; Auk, iv, July, 1887, 177, 180 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea; coll. C B. Cory). — Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 99. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., ii, 1892, 279. — Boucard, The Hum. Bird, ii, 1892, 85.— Simon, Revue Franç. d'Orn., no. 1, 1909, 9 (crit.).
[Lampornis] hendersoni Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 118.
L[ampornis] prevosti hendersoni Ridgway, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1890 (1891), 377 (diagnosis, etc.). — Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 98 (monogr.).
Lampornis prevosti (not Trochilus prevostii Lesson) Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 332, part (Old Providence).
A[nthracothorax] p[revosti] hendersoni Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxiii, April 19, 1910, 55, in text.
​

ANTHRACOTHORAX VERAGUENSIS Reichenbach.

VERAGUAN MANGO.

Similar to A. prevostii, but adult male with chin and throat wholly bright metallic green.

Adult male. — Above metallic bronze, greenish bronze, or bronze- green, the middle pair of rectrices usually more coppery bronze; other rectrices rich purplish maroon, glossed with violet-purple, margined terminally with purplish or bluish black, this extending along edge of outer web for terminal half (more or less); remiges brownish slate or dusky; loral and malar regions, chin, and throat brilliant metallic yellowish emerald green varying to more golden green; chest and median portion of breast and abdomen duller and more bluish green, the lateral under parts metallic bronze or bronze- green; under tail-coverts blackish or dusky, more or less glossed with greenish; femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill dull black; iris dark brown; feet dusky; length (skins), 99-111 (105); wing, 64.5-72 (67.1); tail, 34-37.5 (35.3); exposed culmen, 23.5-26.5 (24.7).[17]

Adult female. — Above similar in color to the adult male; chin and a broad stripe extending therefrom along sides of throat and chest to anal region, white, these two white stripes inclosing one of metallic bluish green, the feathers of wdiich are dusky beneath the surface; sides of neck and thence to flanks metallic bronze-green; under tail- coverts light bronze-green narrowly tipped or terminally margined with white, the longer ones with an indistinct subterminal bar of dusky; lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white and crossed by a broad band of glossy blue-black, the remaining portion chestnut glossed wdth metallic purple; length (skin). 111; wing, 65; tail, 36.5; culmen (tip of maxilla broken off).[18]

Panamá (Volcán de Chiriquí; Davíd; Calobre; Cordillera del Chucu; Agua Dulce; Natá, Coclé; Panamá); Costa Rica?

[Anthracothorax, y. Sericotes] veraguensis Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 11 (Verágua; nomen nudum).
[Anthracothorax] veraguensis Reichenbach, Troch. Enum., 1855, 9, pi. 794, fig. 4848 (Verágua).
[Lampornis] veraguensis Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, 250. — Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81. — Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 202.— Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 118. ​
Lampornis veraguensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 140 (David, Panama); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 291. — Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xv, May, 1858 (vol. ii, 1861), pl. 76 (Volcan de Chiriquí, Panamá); Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 65.— Mulsant and Verreaux, Classif. Troch., 1866, 24; Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i, livr. 2, 1874, 146; iv, livr. 2, 1877, 153. — Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1867, 177 (Davíd); ix, 1868, 121 (Costa Rica; error?). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 153 (Davíd); 1870, 207 (Cordillera del Chucu and Calobre); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 99. — Frantzius, Journ. für Orn., 1869, 315 (Costa Rica; error?). — Elliot, Classif. Troch., 1879, 40. — Zeledón, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 20; Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 121. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 280 (Agua Dulce, etc., Panamá). — Boucard, The Hum. Bird, ii, 1892, 85; Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 333 (Colón, etc.).
L[ampornis] veraguensis Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iii, 1860, 18. — Ridgway, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1890 (1891), 377 (diagnosis, etc.).— Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1890, 99 (monogr.).
[Polytmus] veraguensis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 125, no. 1578.

ANTHRACOTHORAX DOMINICUS (Linnæus).

HAITIAN MANGO.

Adult male. — Above dark, rather dull, metallic bronze-green, sometimes intermixed with metallic grass green; middle pair of rectrices dull metallic bronze, coppery bronze or violaceous-black;[19] remaining rectrices broadly margined terminally with violaceous-black, this extending along the edge of each web for (approximately) the terminal half, on the outer web of lateral rectrix to or near base; remiges dusky brownish slate or dull violaceous-black; chin and throat metallic bronze, or brassy bronze, usually passing laterally and posteriorly into a more greenish hue, or uniform greenish bronze or bronze-green; chest, breast, and abdomen — sometimes entire under parts of body — opaque velvety black, sometimes duller or more sooty on lower abdomen; sides and flanks sometimes (narrowly) dark metalhc green or bronze-green; under tail-coverts dusky or dark sooty basally, darker and faintly glossed with bronze or greenish terminally, sometimes wholly violaceous black; femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill dull black; iris brown; feet dusky; length (skins), 115-124 (119); wing, 65.5-70.5 (67.9); tail, 40-46 (42.9); culmen, 23-25 (23.8).[20]

Adult female. — Above rather bright bronze-green or greenish bronze; middle pair of rectrices rather dull dusky greenish bronze or bronze-green; other rectrices with basal half or more chestnut- rufous, glossed with purple, the remainder (approximately the terminal third) first black, then white, the latter in form of a terminal spot, largest on outermost rectrix; remiges dusky brownish slate; ​under parts very pale gray, passing into white, or grayish white, on mahir region, the sides and flanks faintly washed with bronze; bill, etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 112-116 (114); wing, 64-67 (65.3); tail, 35.5-39 (37.5); culmen, 24-27 (25.6).[21]

Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles (Port au Prince, La Vega, and Le Coup, Haiti; Samaná, Santo Domingo, Puerto Plata, La Camita, and Sanchez, Santo Domingo).

[Trochilus] dominicus Linnæus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 191 (based on Polytmus dominicensis Brisson, Orn., iii, 672, pl. 35, fig. 1). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 489. — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 309.
Trochilus dominicus Audebert and Vieillot, Ois. Dorés, i, 1802, 128. — Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 358.
[Lampornis] dominicus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 71; Rev. et Mag. de Zool, 1854, 250. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 119.
Lampornis dominicus Elliot, Ibis, 1872, 349, part (Santo Domingo; synonymy; crit.); Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 41, part (Santo Domingo). — Mulsant and Verreaux, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., iv, livr. 2, 1877, 154. — Cory, Birds Haiti and St. Dom., 1885, 90, pl. (22), figs. 7, 8; Auk, iii, 1886, 348, part; Birds West Ind., 1889, 143, part; Cat. West Ind. Birds, 1892, 12, 106, part (Haiti). — Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 96 (Samaná, and Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo; Port au Prince, Haiti). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 328. — Cherrie, Contr. Orn. St. Dom., 1896, 18. — Christy, Ibis, 1897, 329 (Samaná and La Vega, Santo Domingo).
L[ampornis] domimcus Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 99 (monogr.).
[Anthracothorax, d. Hypophania] dominica Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 11.
[Anthracothorax] dominicus Reichenbach, Troch. Enum., 1855, 9, pl. 793, figs. 4845, 4846.
[Trochilus] margaritaceus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 490 (based on Plastron blanc Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., vi, 61; Colibri de St. Domingue Buffon, Pl. Enl., pl. 680, fig. 1; Grey-necked Humming-bird Latham, Synop., i, pt. 2, 761). — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 308.
Trochilus margaritaceus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 353.
P[olytmus] margaritaceus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, Dec, 1848, 108.
Polytmus aurulentus (not Trochilus aurulentus Audebert and Vieillot) Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 72.
Trochilus aurulentus (not of Audebert and Vieillot) Shaw, Gen. Zool., viii, 1811, 306.— Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 95 (Santo Domingo).
T[rochilus] aurulentus Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Méth., ii, 1822, 555.
[Trochilus] aurulentus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81, part (Haiti).
Margarochrysis aurulenta Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 11; Troch. Enum., 1855, 8, pi. 784, figs. 4822, 4823.
[Eulampis] aurulentus Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1854, 250.
Lampornis aurulenta Sallé, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 233 (Santo Domingo). ​
Lampornis aurulentus Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xv, 1858 (vol. ii), pl. 79; Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 66. — Mulsant and Verreaux, Classif. Trocli., 1866, 14; Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i, livr. 2, 1874, 152, part (Santo Domingo).— Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 153 (Haiti, above 1,000 ft.).— Tristram, Ibis, 1884, 168 (Santo Domingo).
[Lampornis] aurulentus Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 202, part (Santo Domingo).

ANTHRACOTHORAX AURULENTUS (Audebert and Vieillot).

PORTO RICAN MANGO.

Similar to A. dominicus but decidedly smaller; adult male with black of under parts confined to chest and breast, and middle rectrices usually much more coppery bronze; adult female with basal portion of lateral rectrices light grayish, or partly so, instead of more than basal half wholly chestnut-rufous,[22] black of subterminal portion brightly glossed with bluish green, and under parts more extensively and uniformly grayish, the sides without green spotting or inter- mixture.

Adult male. — Above metallic greenish bronze, golden bronze, or (more rarely) coppery bronze or bronze-green, the middle rectrices dull blackish bronze to bright coppery bronze; tail (except middle rectrices) dark violet-chestnut or maroon-violet glossed with metallic violet-purple, the rectrices broadly margined terminally with glossy steel-blue; remiges dull slate-blackish or dusky faintly glossed with violet-bluish; chin and throat metallic greenish bronze to golden bronze; chest and upper breast opaque velvety black, passing into dull brownish gray on sides, flanks, and lower abdomen; under tail- coverts dusky brownish gray, usually more blackish subterminally, usually margined (more or less distinctly) with paler, and faintly glossed with violet; conspicuous femoral and lumbar tufts white; bill black; iris dark brown; feet blackish; length (skins), 105-111 (108); wing, 59-65 (62.5); tail, 32-39 (36.7); culmen, 21-25 (22.9).[23]

Adult female. — Above metallic bronze-green to golden bronze, usually much duller on forehead and crown; middle rectrices dull bronze-green to bright bronze (rarely coppery bronze), usually darker (sometimes blackish) terminally; other rectrices brownish gray (rarely partly chestnut on inner webs) basally, steel blue subterminally, and tipped with white (broadly on lateral rectrices) ; remiges slate-blackish or dusky, faintly glossed with violet-bluish; under parts pale brownish gray, paler (sometimes dull white) on chin and throat, passing into white on abdomen and anal region, the sides some- times slightly intermixed with metallic bronze or bronze-green; under tail-coverts pale gray centrally, margined with white; bill, etc., as in ​adult male; length (skins), 99-110 (104) ;[24] wing, 54-63 (58.1); tail, 31.5-34 (32.7); culmen, 21-25.5 (23.6).[25]

Immature male. — Similar to the adult female, but basal portion of lateral rectrices mostly chestnut (glossed with violet-purple), and throat and chest showing, along median line, more or less of the metallic bronze or bronze-green and black of the adult plumage.

Islands of Porto Rico (Cataňo; Luquillo; Aguadilla; Arroyo; Ponce; ITucarcs; Coamo; Añasco; El Yúnque), Culebra, St. Thomas, St. Johns, and Anegada, Greater Antilles.

Trochilus aurulentus Audebert and Vieillot, Ois. Dorés, i, 1801, 29, 31, pls. 12, 13 (Porto Rico; coll. Paris Mus.). — Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 350 (Porto Rico). — Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibr., 1830-31, 68, 71, 73, 74, pls. 16-19 (Porto Rico); Index Gen. et Synop. Troch., 1832, p. xi, (Porto Rico).
Lampornis aurulentus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 377 (St. Thomas). — Mulsant and Verreaux, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i, livr. 2, 1874, 152, part (St. Thomas; Porto Rico). — Gundlach, Journ. für Orn., 1878, 181 (Porto Rico; crit.); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 233 (Porto Rico).
[Lampornis] aurulentus Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81, part (Porto Rico; St. Thomas). — Gundlach, Journ. für Orn., 1874, 312 (Porto Rico); 1878, 160 (Porto Rico). — Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 202, part (St. Thomas; Porto Rico).
Trochilus {Lampornis) aurulentus Sundevall, Oefv. K. Vet. Ak. Förh., 1869, 600 (Porto Rico).
Lampornis virginalis Gould, Mon. Troch., ii, pt. xxiv, Sept., 1861, pl. 80 (St. Thomas, Greater Antilles; coll. J. Gould); Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 66. — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 291. — Cory, Cat. West Ind. Birds, 1892, 12, 108, 143 (Anegada; Porto Rico; St. Thomas?).— Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 97 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 329 (St. Thomas). — Bowdish, Auk, xix, 1902, 366 (Porto Rico; habits).
[Lampornis aurulentus] var. virginalis Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s., xxii, 1876, 202 (St. Thomas).
L[ampornis] virginalis Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 99 (monogr.).
[Lampornis] virginalis Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 119.
[Polytmus] virginalis Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 126, no. 1583.
Lampornis ellioti Cory, Auk, vii, Oct., 1890, 374 (Anegada I., W. I.; coll. C. B. Cory). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 329 (Anegada). ​
Lampornis dominicus (not Trochilus dominicus Linnæus) Elliot, Ibis, 1872, 349, part (St. Thomas; Porto Rico; synon.; crit.); Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 41, part (Porto Rico; St. Thomas).
(?)Trochilus mango (not of Linnæus) Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibr., 1830-31, 66, pl. 15 (Porto Rico).
[Lampornis] margaritaceus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 72 (Porto Rico).
Lampornis viridis (not Trochilus viridis Audebert and Vieillot) Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xxi, 1861 (vol. ii), pi. 78, part (supposed female!); Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 66, part. — Elliot, Ibis, 1872, 348, part (supposed female); Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 40, part (supposed female!). — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 349, part (supposed female!); Birds West Ind., 1889, 144, part (supposed female!); Cat. West Ind. Birds, 1892, 12, 106, 132.— Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 100, part (supposed female!). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 334, part (supposed female!).
L[ampornis] viridis Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 99, part (supposed female!).

ANTHRACOTHORAX VIRIDIS (Audebert and Vieillot).

GREEN MANGO.

Adults (sexes alike).[26] — Above metallic green, bronze-green, or (rarely) bronze, duller on pileum, the lower rump and upper tail- coverts purer green (metallic grass green or sea green) ; tail metallic blue-black or dark steel blue, the lateral rectrices sometimes very narrowly margined at tip with grayish or grayish white; remiges dusky brownish slate, very faintly glossed with violet; under parts metallic bluish green (french green or between grass green and sea green), the under tail-coverts sometimes narrowly margined terminally with whitish; femoral and lumbar tufts white (the latter small and concealed); bill black; iris dark brown; feet dusky.

Young. — Not materially different in coloration from adults, but some specimens, at least, have the feathers of the under parts narrowly and very indistinctly margined terminally with pale grayish brown, or else have the green of the anterior under parts darker and duller.[27]

Adult male. — Length, (skins), 107-116 (111); wing, 60-67 (63.9); tail, 35.5-38.5 (37); culmen, 23-25 (24.2).[28]

Adult female. — Length (skins), 104-117 (112); wing, 58.5-63 (60.1); tail, 33.5-37 (35.1); culmen, 25-27 (25.9).[29]

Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles (El Ylúnque; Adjuntas; Utuado; Lares; Mayaguéz). ​
Trochilus viridis Audebert and Vieillot, Ois. Dorés, i, 1801, 34, pi. 15 ("îles de l'Amérique Septentrionale"). — Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vii, 1817, 354 ("Guyane;" "la Trinité"), 357 (Porto Rico; "St. Domingo"). — Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 81, 84. — Lesson, Hist. Nat. Colibr., 1830-31, 50, pl. 11; Index Gen. et Synop. Troch., 1832, p. x. — Sundevall, (Efv. k. Vet.-Ak. Förh., 1869, 600.
T[rochilus] viridis Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Moth., i, 1822, 551.
[Lampornis] viridis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 71. — Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 81. — Cory, List Birds West Ind., 1885, 17. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 119.
Lampornis viridis Gould, Mon. Troch., pt. xxi, 1861 (vol. ii), pl. 78, part (male only!); Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 66. — Mulsant and Verreaux, Classif. Troch., 1866, 24; Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., i, livr. 3, 1874, 172 (Porto Rico; "St. Thomas"). — Elliot, Ibis, 1872, 348, part (male only; synon.; crit.); Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 40, part (male only). — Gundlach, Journ. für Orn., 1878, 160, 180 (Porto Rico; crit.); 1874, 312 (Porto Rico); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 222. — Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 349, part (male only!) ; Birds West Ind., 1889, 144, part (male only!); Cat. West Ind. Birds 1892, 12, 106, 132. — Salvin, Cat. Bii-ds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 100, part (male only!; Porto Rico; St. Thomas). — Boucard, Gen. Hum. Birds, 1895, 334, part (male only!; Porto Rico).
L[ampornis] viridis Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 99, part (male only!).
[Agyrtria, δ. Chalybura] viridis Reichenbach, Aufz. der Colibr., 1854, 10.
[Agyrtria] viridis Reichenbach, Troch. Enum., 1855, 7, pl. 765, figs. 4771, 4772.
[Chalybura] viridis Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xxii, 1876, 203.
Chalybura (Lampornis) viridis Mulsant and Verreaux, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., iv, livr. 2, 1878, 157.
[Polytmus] viridis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 125, no. 1579.

  1. ↑ Philos. Mag., n. s., i, no. 6, June, 1827, 442; type, Lampornis amethystinus Swainson=Ornismya henrira Lessen and Delattre.
  2. ↑ "Von ἔνδοξος (berühmt)." (Heine.)
  3. ↑ Lampornis iridescens Gould, Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 65 Guayaquil, w. Ecuador; coll. J. Gould). — Anthracothorax violicaudus iridescens Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, no. 1258, Jan., 1902, 321 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador; crit.).
  4. ↑ [Trochilus] gramineus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 488 (based on Hausse col vert Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., vi, 58; Black-breasted Hummingbird Latham, Synopsis, i, pt. 2, 756). — Trochilus gramineus Audebert and Vieillot, Ois. Dorés, i, 1801, 23, pl. 9. — Lampornis gramineus Gould, Mon. Troch., ii, 1858, pl. 77; Introd. Troch., oct. ed., 1861, 65; Elliot, Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, 40; Salvin, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 1892, 95. — L[ampornis] gramineus Hartert, Das Tierreich, Troch., 1900, 98 (monogr.). — [Polytmus] gramineus Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 125, no. 1581. — Anthracothorax gramineus Berlepsch, Novit. Zool., xv, 1908, 263 (Cayenne; crit.). — [Trochilus] maculatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 488 (based on Colibri à eravate verte Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., vi, 56; Colibri à gorge verte de Cayenne Buffon, PI. Enl., pl. 671, fig. 1; Green-throated Hummingbird Latham, Synopsis, i, pt. 2, 755). — [Trochilus] pectoralis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 306 (=T. gramineus Gmelin). — Polytmus dominicus (not Trochilus dominicus Gmelin) Léotaud, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 132.
  5. ↑ Except for white femoral tufts.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ten specimens.
  7. ↑ This green-throated plumage was considered by Gould that of the adult female; but, judging from the material examined, I am inclined to agree with Mr. Salvin (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 92) in considering that it represents birds of both sexes in immature dress.
  8. ↑ Thirty-three specimens.
  9. ↑ Twenty-three specimens.
    Locality. Wing. Tail. Exposed
    culmen.
    males.
    Five adult males from Panamá 66.5 36.7 22.8
    Ten adult males from Colombia 66.7 36.9 23.8
    Five adult males (A. v. iridescens from western Ecuadór 67.2 37 25.3
    One adult male from eastern Peru 68 36 22.5
    One adult male from St. Andrews Island 70 37.5 ----
    Three adult males from Venezuela 67.5 37.2 24.7
    Seven adult males from Trinidád 67.4 38.6 23.6
    Two adult males from British Guiana and Cayenne 66 36 24.5
    Five adult males from eastern Brazil (mostly from Bahia) 66.3 37.2 22.7
    females.
    Four adult females from Panamá 64.5 34.7 22.6
    Six adult females from Colombia 65.1 35.2 24.7
    Two adult females (A. v. iridescens) from western Ecuadór 69.5 37 27.2
    Two adult females from Venezuela 65.5 35.5 26.2
    Four adult females from Trinidád 65.4 34.9 24
    Two adult females from Cayenne and British Guiana 65.5 35.7 23.5
    Five adult females from eastern Brazil (Bahia, etc.) 65.5 35.2 24
  10. ↑ Twenty-four specimens.
    Locality. Wing. Tail. Exposed
    culmen.
    males.
    Ten adult males from Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, and Oaxaca 66.4 36 26.5
    Two adult males from Yucatan 66.2 35.2 25.2
    Ten adult males from Cozumél Island 65.4 35.2 26
    One adult male from British Honduras 66.5 35.5 26
    One adult male from eastern Guatemala 65.5 36 27
    Three adult males from Nicaragua (A. p. gracilirostris) 66 35 24.7
    Six adult males from Costa Rica (A. p. gracilirostris) 65.9 35.4 24.3
    Four adult males (A. p. hendersoni) from Old Providence Island. 67 36.7 22.9
    females.
    Five adult females from Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, and Oaxaca 64.3 34.1 29.5
    One adult female from Yucatan 66 35 28
    Four adult females from Cozumél Island 64.9 34.9 28.2
    One adult female from British Honduras 64 34.5 28.5
    One adult female from eastern Guatemala 67 34 25
    One adult female from Chiapas (Palénque) 65.5 35 26.5
    Two adult females from Nicaragua (A. p. gracilirostris) 66.5 36 25.5
    Eight adult females from Costa Rica (A. p. gracilirostris) 64.9 35.3 25.4
    Two adult females (A. p. heridersoni) from Old Providence Island 66.2 35 22.7
  11. ↑ Fifteen specimens.
  12. ↑ Nine specimens.
  13. ↑ Ten specimens.
  14. ↑ See SalvinL and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 279.
  15. ↑ Four specimens.
  16. ↑ Two specimens.
  17. ↑ Six specimens.
    Locality. Wing. Tail. Exposed
    culmen.
    males
    Six adult males from Panamá. 66.2 35 24.9
    One adult male from Costa Rica 72 37.5 23.5
  18. ↑ One specimen.
  19. ↑ Salvin (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 97) describes the color of the middle rectrices as "steel blue;" but I have never seen a specimen in which the color even distantly approached that hue!.
  20. ↑ Ten specimens.
  21. ↑ Ten specimens.
  22. ↑ A few specimens have the basal half of the lateral rectrices mostly chestnut-rufous, but these I think are immature males; one of them certainly is, the collector having taken pains to emphasize the determination of sex.
  23. ↑ Seventeen specimens.
  24. ↑ Two specimens.
  25. ↑ Eleven specimens.
    Locality. Wing. Tail. Exposed
    culmen.
    males.
    Ten adult males from Porto Rico 63 36.5 23.5
    One adult male from Culebra Island 62 36 24
    Four adult males from St. Thomas 62.1 37.3 22.2
    Two adult males from Anegada 60.7 36.7 22.9
    females.
    Six adult females from Porto Rico 58.2 32.6 24.3
    Three adult females from St. Thomas 58.8 32.7 23.3
    Two adult females from St. Johns 56.5 33.2 23.2
  26. ↑ Not only have Gould (Monog. Troch., ii) but also Elliot, Cory, Salvin (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xvi, 100), and Hartert (Tierreich, Aves, Lief. 9, 100) described the adult female of this species as being pale gray beneath. Undoubtedly they are wrong, for all the specimens sexed as female in the U. S. National Museum (one of them with the determination of sex emphasized) are precisely like adult males in coloration, and even a young bird which had not yet left the nest (a male, however) is not appreciably different! Numerous specimens in the U. S. National Museum corresponding with the descriptions of the alleged female of A. viridis by the authors mentioned undoubtedly belong to A. aurulentus, the adult female of which has little if any chestnut or rufous on the rectrices.
  27. ↑ A nestling (determined to be a male by dissection) is in this plumage.
  28. ↑ Ten specimens.
  29. ↑ Four specimens.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Birds_of_North_and_Middle_America,_part_V/Genus_23._Anthracothorax_Boie&oldid=8830836"