Books on Egypt and Chaldaea/Collection 5/Volume 20/The First Division

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4302050The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, Vol. 1--The Book Ȧm-Ṭuat — The First Division, or Western Vestibule, of the Ṭuat, called Net-Rā1905


CHAPTER I.

THE FIRST DIVISION OF THE ṬUAT, WHICH IS CALLED NET-RĀ.

In the scene that illustrates the First Division of the Ṭuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the First Hour of the night, we see that the centre of the middle section is divided lengthwise into

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0012

The Boat of Ȧf, the dead Sun-god.Maāti goddesses. Neken-f,

two parts by a river which flows along it. In the upper part is the boat of the dead Sun-god Ȧf,
iI9
V1
, who is in the form of a ram-headed man; he wears a disk upon his head, and stands within a shrine in the Sektet boat, i.e., the boat in which the god travels from noon to sunset. In front of the shrine in the boat stand the three deities, Ȧp-uat,
F13N31
X1 Z2
, Sa,
S32G1
, and the "Lady of the Boat,"
V30
X1
P3
, who wears on her head a disk and horns. Behind the shrine stand five gods, each having the head of a man; the names of the first four are Ḥeru-Ḥekenu,
G5V28V31
W24
, Ka-shu,
D28H8
, i.e., the "double of Shu," Nehes,
N35
O4
S29
, i.e., the "Look-out," and Ḥu,
V28G43
, and the fifth is the Steersman Kherp,
Aa1
D21
Q3
D44P3
. On the high prow of the Sektet boat hangs an object which is said to be a carpet by some, and a reed mat by others, and on the side, near the curve of the prow, is an utchat. In front of the boat march:--

1. The two goddesses Maāt, the one representing the South of Egypt, and the other the North.

2. The god Nekent-f,
N35
V31
N35
X1
I9
, who holds a spear, or knife, in his left hand.

3. The god Khenti Ȧmentet, bearded, and in mummy form, and wearing the White Crown and the Menȧt.

4. The god Sekhet, or as it is written here Sekhment,
S29S42Aa1
Aa15
X1
, lioness-headed. 5. The god Seḥetch-ur,
S29T3I10
N5
G36
D21
, ram-headed. 6. Four Terms, the first of which is called Ut-meṭu-Rā,
V24Z1S43G43Y1VD21
D36
N5
, the second Ut-meṭu-Tem,
V24S43S43G43Y1VX1
U15
, the third Ut-meṭu-Kheperȧ,
V24Z1S43G43Y1VL1
, and the fourth Ut-meṭu-Ȧsȧr,
V24S43S43G43Y1VQ1
D4
. 7. The leader of the company, who is called Tcha-unnut,
U28G1E34
N35
W24
X1
N14
; by his side is a serpent, called Sa (?), that stands on his tail.

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0014

The gods Khenti-Ȧmentet, Sekhet, Sehetch-ur, the Four Terms, and Tcha-Unnut.

This scene is explained by the horizontal line of inscription written above it, and the hieroglyphic text, based on the editions of Lefébure and Champollion, reads:--

D21
N35
N35
M20X1
N35
U4
D36
D36
X1
Z4
H6H6D54R8Q3
N35
Aa15
O34
V31
X1 X1
P3S29P11D46
W24 X1
D54
G17D36
D21
D21
iiX1
O1
N35
X1
O49
X1 Z1
X1
N35
X1
iX1
D21
G43
N37
Z7
V20
Z7
V20
Q3G43D36
Q3 Q3
D54
I9
N35A
Aa15
M3
Aa1 X1
D54
D21
G37
D21
N35
O34
N35A
iX1
D21
G43
N37
Z7
Z7
Z7
Q3G43Aa15
F31 S29
M2
N35
bD21
Y1
N35
R8Z1
Z2
G43Z2
M3
Aa1 X1
Z2
I9
N35
X1
N36
D21
D36
N5 Z1
A40D21
N35
N35
M20X1
N35
i
D21
N35
b i
Z7
Z4
Q7Q7A40D21
N35
N35
i
D21
M8
D36
Y1VR8Q3
N35
T3S43Y1VZ3D4
X1
O34
Aa1
D21
Y1
Z3
Z11Z7
Z4
N14 X1
O1
D21
M20X1
L6
Z2
X1
N35

"The name of this Field is 'Maāti.' This god arriveth in the Sektet Boat, he maketh a way through the Court of this city, which is two hundred and twenty measures in length, which he travelleth through to Urnes. He passeth through the water, which is three hundred measures in extent, and he bestoweth the fields upon the gods who follow him. Net-Rā is the name of this Field, Ȧrnebȧui is the name of the guardian [of this Field]. This god beginneth to declare in this region the words which perform the destinies(?) of those who are in the Ṭuat."

In the lower part of the middle section of the scene we have another boat, in the centre of which is a beetle; on one side of the beetle is a god with his knees in the direction of the prow of the boat, but having his head turned behind him and his hands raised in adoration of the beetle, and on the other is a god who also has his hands raised in adoration of the same object. The legend reads
Aa1 Q3
N35
[1]
Q1
D4
, i.e., "the coming into being of Osiris"; as the boat has no reed mat or carpet hanging from the prow, we may assume that it is intended to represent the Āṭet or Māṭet Boat, i.e., the boat in which the Sun-god travelled over the sky from sunrise to noon.

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0016 01

The Boat of the Birth of Osiris, with serpents and gods.

In front of the boat glide three serpents, which are called Sek-re,
S29V28V31
D40
D21
Z1
, Sepȧ,
O34
I9
i
, and Nepen,
N35
Q3
N35
, and in front of these march four man-headed

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0016 02

Gods in the procession of the Boat of the Birth of Osiris

gods and two hawk-headed gods, each with a serpent in his left hand, a god called Nābti,
N35T3bX1
Z4
, who holds a crook
S38
in each hand, Net, or Neith, goddess of the South, Net, or Neith, goddess of the North, and the goat goddess Ārtet,
D36
D21
X1 X1
E28
. The two hawk-headed gods are called Tchatui,
U28X1G43Z4
, and Meṭi,
U28D46
i i
, and the four following gods Ābenti,
T3bN35
X1 Z4
P3
, Benbeti,
b
N35
b
X1 Z4
M44M44
, Sekhti, and Sekhet(?),
O34M20G4AiiM20M20X1
Z4
M20
.

The explanation of this scene is given by the horizontal line of hieroglyphic text written above it, which reads:--

D36
D21
D21
iiO1
X1
N35
D36
Q3 Q3
X1 D54
R8Z1Q3
N35
F34 Z1
O34
N35
Z2
G17O34
D21
E10D4
D21
N35
L1
D21
Z7
Z2
Aa15
M3
Aa1 X1
D54
D36
Q3 Q3
D21
i i
X1
O1
X1
N35
D35
X1
G37
D36
D21
D54
Aa15
iiX1
Z2
G4A180Z3M3
Aa1 X1
D54
Z3I9
D35
P6D36
D54
N35
Z3N35
D36
D21
D21
iiX1
O1
X1
N35
i
G43I9V25S43Y1V
N35
M22 M22
N35
R8Z1
Z2
Z11G43Z3D36
D21
D21
X1O1
X1
N35
iG43D4
X1
M22M22G17
S129
N35
Y1
N35
X1
iX1
O1
W19iP11D46
W24
Y1
Q3
N35
D46
O34
D21
Y1
iS129
N35
Y1
N35
D36
N35
D4
i i
Aa1G43Y1VA1S29

"[The god cometh to] this Court, he passeth through it in the form of a ram, and he maketh his transformations therein. After he hath passed through this Court, the dead who are in his following do not [go with him], but they remain in this Court, and he speaketh words unto the gods who are therein. If copies of these things be made according to the ordinances of the hidden house, and after the manner of that which is ordered in the hidden house, they shall act as magical protectors to the man who maketh them."

In the upper register are the following:--

I. Nine apes, who are described as "the gods who open the gates to the Great Soul,"
R8Z1
Z1
E34
N35
iiG43N39
D40
Z2
N35G39AZ1 O29
Y1
. Their names are:--1. Un-ta,
E34
N35
N39
D40
N16
. 2. Ba-ta,
G39AY1VN16
. 3. Maa-en-Rā,
U3
N35
D21
D36
N5
. 4. Ȧbta,
ibN16
. 5. Ȧbȧben,
F34
F34
N35
. 6. Ȧken-ȧb,
iV31
N35
F34 Z1
. 7. Benth,
bN35
U32
. 8. Ȧfȧ,
iI9i
. 9. Tchertcheḥ,
I10V28I10V28
.[2] II. Twelve divine beings, who are described as the "goddesses who unfold the portals in the earth,"
R8X1
Z2
O34
N35
N37A
iiG43Z3Z11N16
Z1 N23
. Their names are:--1. Qat-ā,
N29G1X1A28D36
Z1
. 2. Nebt-meket,
V30
X1
G17V31
X1
Z2
. 3. Sekhit,
O34
Aa1
iiX1
F63
. 4. Ȧment-urt,
iS128
N35
X1
G37
D21
X1
. 5. Sheftu,
N27A
I9
X1
G43Y1V
. 6. Ren-thethen,
D21
N35
V14
V14
N35
. 7. Ḥekent-em-sa-s,
V28V31
N35
X1
Y1VG17G39O34
. 8. Qat-em-khu-s,
N29G1X1A28Aa15G25O34
. 9. Sekhet-em-kheftiu-s,
S42Aa1
X1
Aa15Aa1 X1
I9
Z2
O34
. 10. Ḥuit,
V28G43iiX1F10
. Ḥunt,
V28E34
N35
X1A17
. 12. Nebt-ānkh,
V30
X1
S34N35
Aa1
.

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0019

The nine Ape-warders. The twelve goddesses of the gates.

Each goddess stands with her arms hanging by her sides.[3] III. Nine seated gods, each with his hands raised in adoration of Rā; they are called the "gods who praise Rā,"
R8Z3N14iiG43Z3N5
Z1
. The first three are man-headed, and are called Ḥetch-ā
V24I10
N5
D36
, Maa-ā,
D4
D36
, and Ḥes-ā,
V28W14O34
D36
Z1
; the second three are jackal-headed, and are called Neb-ta-ṭesher,
V30
N16
D46
N27A
D21
N25
, Ȧp-uat,
F13
Q3
N31
, and Ȧp-sekhemti,
F13S42S42X1
Z4
; and the third three are crocodile-headed, and are called Tchat-Ṭuat,
U28G1X1N14
X1 O1
, Seḳi,
O34
W11
iiA2
, and Sekhem-ḥrȧ,
S42G17Y1VD2
Z1
[4]


IV. Twelve divine beings, in the form of women, who are described as "the goddesses who guide the great god,"
R8X1Z3O34
T32
iiX1
D54
Z2
R8O29
Y1
. Their names are:--1. Ṭenṭenit,
[D46
N35
D46
N35
]iiX1F2B
. 2. Sbai,
S29bN14G1iiN14
. 3. Mat-neferu-neb-set,
U3
X1
F35Z1
Z2
V30
O34
X1
. 4. Khesefrt-smatet,
U35X1
D40
F36X1
X1
Z3A40
. 5. Khuai,
G25G43G1iiN1
N14
. 6. Māket-ȧri-s,
Aa15
D36
V31
X1
Y1
D4
O34
. 7. Urt-ȧmt-Ṭuat,
G37
D21
X1
Z2
iZ11X1N14 X1
O1
. Ḥer-ȧb-uȧa- set,
D2F34
X1
P3O34
X1
. 9. Mesperit,
G17O34
Q3
D21
iiX1B1
. 10. Ushem-ḥāt-kheftiu-s,
D43N27A
Aa15
F4
X1 Z2
Aa1 X1
I9
Z2
O34
. 11. Sheset-ḳerḥ-māket-neb-s,
F2BN1
N14
G17D36
V31
X1
Y1VV30
O34
. 12. Ṭeset-ṭesheru,
D46
O34
X1
T30G26AZ3
[5]

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0021

The nine praisers of Rā. The twelve goddesses who guide Rā.

In the lower register are the following:--

I. Nine seated apes, who are described as the "gods who sing to Rā as he entereth into the Ṭuat,"
R8Z1
Z2
V28W14O34
O34
iiG43D40
N35
N5 Z1
D36
N29 D54
I9
Aa15
N14 X1
O1
. Their names are:-- 1. Ȧm-kar,
iZ11D28
D21
O1
. 2. Khenti-she-f
US22W17BVAREN35
X1 Z4
N27A
I9
. 3. ...... ḥen,
V28U7
N35
. 4. Ḥeken-em-ben-f,
V28V31
N35
Aa15
bN35
I9
Q7
. 5, 6. ...... 7. Hethti,
O1
V14
X1
Z4
. 8. Pa-theth,
G73V14
V14
. 9. ......[6]

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0022

The nine singing apes. The twelve light-giving uraei.

II. Twelve serpents, who throw fire forth from their mouths, and are described as "those who make light the darkness in the Ṭuat." Their names are:--1. Besit,
bO34iiX1Q7
2. Ḥetepit,
R4
t p
iit
. 3. . 4. Khut-mu,
Aa1
D43
tN35A
5. Ḥeseq-khefti-set,
V28S29N29
T30A
Aa1 t
I9
D12 Z2
O34
t
. 6. Nefert-khā,
F35I9
D21
t
N28
. 7. Mert-neser,
U23D21
t
N35
O34
D21
Q7Z3
. 8. Beḥent,
bV28n
t
D34
. 9. Ȧp-she,
F13
p
N27A
. 10. Nesert,
N35
M3
O34
D21
t
Q7
. 11. Ȧp-ȧst,
F13
p
Q1Q7
. 12. Shenit,
V49iit
[7] III. Nine man-headed gods, with their hands raised in adoration, who are described as the "gods who praise [Rā],... the lord of the company of the gods,"
D21
N35
Z2
W24
Z1
R8Z3N14
Z1A
iiV30
N10 t
Z3Z3Z3A40
. Their names are:--1. Ka-Ṭuat,
D28
D53
N14 t
O1
. 2. Ḥetem-ȧb,
V28tQ1G80F34
. 3. Ȧrȧ,
iD21iF16
. 4. Ȧau,
iG1G43
. 5. Hemhem,
O4
Aa15
O4
Aa15
. 6. Ka-neteru,
D28
D53
R8R8R8
. 7. Ṭuati,
N14
t Z4
O1
. 8. Ḥekennu-Rā,
V28V31
N35
W24
Y1VN5
. 9. Āa-ȧter,
O29
D36
it
D21
N35A
IV. Twelve goddesses, with their arms hanging by their sides, who are described as "those who give praises to Rā as he passeth over Urnes,"
R8t
Z2
D37
D37
t
O4
N35
W24
Y1VZ3N35
D21
D36
N5
Aa15
D36
t Z7
D54 Z2
G37
D21
N35
O34
N27A
. Their names are:--. Maa-neter-s,
U3R8S29
. 2. Ȧrt-neter-s,
iD21
t
R8S29
. 3. Ḥekent,
V28V31
N35
t
. 4. Net,
N35
t
N35A
. 5. Āpert-re,

20 The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, v1 0024

The nine praisers of Rā. The twelve goddesses who sing to Rā.

D36
p
D21
t
Y1
D21
Z1
. 6. Ȧb,
R15b
. 7. Nebt-ḥet,
O9Bt
. 8. Ḥrȧ-seni(?),
D2
Z1
S29N35
Z1 Z1
. 9. Tefnut,
t
I9
W24 t
B1
. 10. Nutet,
O49t
t
. 11. Ȧment,
R14t
N25
. 12. Ȧst,
Q1t
[8] The address which the Sun-god makes to the gods in the First Division of the Ṭuat reads:[9]--
D36P6D36i
N35
U36Z1
N35
R8Z1 p
N35
G17M3
Aa1 t
R4
t p
I9
D21
D26
D21
D21
t
N35
T3S43y1
Z2
N35
M22M22R8Z1
Z2
Z11Z7 Z2
O34
E34
N35
N39
D40
Z2
N35
A1N14
O1
Z2
V14
N35
Z2
O34
N27A
N39
D40
Z2
N35
A1D36
D21
D21
G43iit
O1
Z2
V14
N35
Z2
O34
t
Q7Z2
N35
A1D4
G43 Z2
N35
A1
O34
V31
D54
G17D54
Z2
G43A1L1[G43Z3]G17V28D36
V1
Z2
A1T3G43I10
Y1
[S43G43Z3]A1V14
N35
Z2
D4
V14
N35
Z3N35
K4A
G1t
V1
Z3A1D4
N35
A1N14
N35
Z2
[D21
N35
N35
]N35
M39 G39A
Z1A1N29 U1 G1T14Y1VA1V14
N35
Z2
N35
G25
Aa1G43Y1VZ3A1
iiD54
N35
A1N35
I10
Aa27W24A2A1D2
Z1
A1iG17A1O34
N35
I9
V28D36
Z7
V1 V1 V1
[A1iP6D36
i i
D54
O34
N35
Z2
i]A1S29V28Q1tU15
G1
G35A1
D4
G43
D21
O34
D37
A1O34
D21
N29
Y1VG17O34
I9
W11
Y1VD4
G43
A53Z3A1D4
Q1 A40
US22W17BVAREN35
t Z4
R14G1A40E34
N35
N39
D40
Z2
N35
D36
D36
Z1
V14
N35
Z2
bN35
G1
E35Z3O34
N35
N27A
N39
D40
Z2
N35
D36
D21
D21
i i
t
O1
Z2
b
N35
G1E35[R8t
D21
tZ3]L1
D21
t
Z2
G17M39 G39A A1Z3
R8Z1
Z2
A1L1D21
V14
N35
Z3L1D21
V14
N35
Z3N35
L1
D21
A40
E34
N35A
[V14
N35
Z2
]US22W17BVAREN35
t Z4
N14 t
O1
D36
P6D36
D54
V14
N35
Z2
N35
[ G37
D21
N35
O34
N35AN36
S129
N35
]iiV14
N35
Z2
N35
i
D46
b
N121
N27A
t
N34
G1Y1VD4
V14
N35
Z2
N35
N14
G1A40Z3D21
D36
D21
D21
t
O1
[iD21
Z4
G17]
V14
N35
Z2
O34
Aa1
D21
Y1VN14
N35
Z2
G17Q1t
O1
Z2
V14
N35
Z2
G1V28t
N121
N35
V14
N35
Z2
N35
t
[M20]t
N121
Z2
V14
N35
Z2
R8Z1
Z2
D36
D21
D21
t
O1
t
N35
N35
D21
D36
N5 Z1
O34
N35
O34
Y1
O34
N35
Z2
R8Z1
O29
D36
Y1
E34
N35
N39
D40
N35
V31
iS129
[ N35
t
Y1
N27A
t
N34
G1Y1Vt
D4
G43]Y1VZ3O34
N35
N27A
N39
D40
N35
V31
N39
N39
[N35
O49
]G37
D21
t
S29V24I10
N5
V31
V31
N35
N1O34
D21
N29
Y1V
V31[V28]Q1t
U15
Aa15
G35t
O1
D36
D21
N31
V31
Aa15
D21
N35
V31
N35
D21
D36
N5 Z1
A40D21
b G43
W11
D21
D4
Q1 A40
US22W17BVAREN35
t
Z4 F63
R14t t
N25
iG43O4iiY1VN35
D21
D36
N5
Z1
A40
D21
D21
Z1
N39
N39
N16
iG43Z7A4Y1
N35
V31
O34
D21
N29
Y1VG25Aa1
N5
G35N29
D54
G43O1
Z2
N35
t
G37
D21
t
N25
E34
N35
N39
D40
N35
V31
N39
N39
G43Aa15
b
N35
t Z4
E35Z3O34
N35
N27A
N39
D40
N35
Z2
N35
V31
N39
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The Majesty of this god standeth up after he hath taken up his position in this Court, and he addresseth words to the gods who are therein, saying, "Open ye to me your doors, and let me come into your Courts! Give ye light unto me, and make ye yourselves guides to me, O ye who came into being from my members, my word hath gone forth to you. Ye are made of my bodies, I have made you, having fashioned you of my soul. I have created you, I have made you by means of my enchantments, [and] I have come to avenge myself the blood of my members which have risen up against me, and I will bring to destruction that which hath been made for it. I will make perfect with the ...... of my forms Osiris Khenti Ȧmenti. Open to me the doors with your hands, O ye Apes, unfold to me the portals of the Courts, O ye Apes, [and welcome] the gods (or, goddesses) who have come into being from my divine Souls, come ye into being, come ye into being for(?) Kheperȧ, O ye who have your being at the head of the Ṭuat. Stand ye up, in Urnes, and stablish ye yourselves on the secret banks thereof, and work ye for the gods of Ṭuat in the Court which ye guard, possess ye your plans in your seats, in your domains and in your fields."

The gods of this Court say unto Rā, "O great god, [the doors] are opened to thee, and the portals of the secret Ȧment are thrown open before thee, the doors of Nut the great are thrown wide open illumine thou the darkness of night (or, thick darkness), provide for that which is in the place of destruction, and approach thou in thy name of Rā the place where is Osiris Khenti Ȧmenti. There is a shout of joy to Rā at the entrance to the doors of the earth(?). Praise be to thee and make thou perfect the light, and enter thou [in through the habitations] of the Great Country. The Apes (ambenti) open the doors to thee, the Apes (amhetetu) unfold to thee the portals, the serpents sing and exalt thee, and the divine serpents lighten thy darkness for thee....... O Rā, the goddess of the hour cometh to thee, the two Soul-Goddesses tow thee along in thy form, and thou takest up thy position on the ground of the Field of [this] land. Thou hast taken possession of the night, and thou wilt bring in the day, and [thou] dost likewise make long the hours, and thy boat cometh to rest. Thou seizest the grain of the god Ḥenbet in thy secret place(?) Net. Thou openest Net-Rā, thou uncoverest the god Tchebā, the uraeus goddesses (neterit) of Urnes acclaim thee, the uraeus goddesses (nehenuit) ascribe praise to thee, thy word is maāt against thine enemies, thou givest tribulations to those who are condemned."

The Majesty of the god uttereth words after he hath come forth into this Court, he doeth battle at fortifications thereof, the doors of this [Court] are strong, saying, "Shut [your doors] by your bolts.

"Come ye to me, advance ye to me, make ye your way [to me], and ye shall abide in your place; take ye up your stand on the banks of the stream [Urnes]."

This great god passeth them by, and they (i.e., the gods) wail when he hath gone by them in the Field of Urnes. [The goddess of] the hour who guideth [this great god] through the Court is "Ushem-ḥāt-kheftiu-nu-Rā."

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.


This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse

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  9. See Léfebure, op. cit., part iv., pl. 28, and Description de l'Égypte, tom. v., pl. 41, no. 5.