Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ewbank, Thomas
EWBANK, THOMAS (1792–1870), writer on practical mechanics, was born at Barnard Castle, Durham, on 11 March 1792. When thirteen years of age he began work as a plumber and brassfounder. In 1812 he went to London, where he was employed in making cases for preserved meats. His spare hours were given to reading. In 1819 he emigrated to America, and next year began business in New York as a manufacturer of lead, tin, and copper tubing. In 1836 he was able to retire from business and devote himself to studies and writings on mechanics. In 1845–6 he travelled in Brazil, and on his return published an account of his travels as ‘Life in Brazil’ (New York, 1856). He was appointed commissioner of patents by President Taylor in 1849. He was attacked for the manner in which he fulfilled the duties of his office, which he held till 1852 (see Charges against Thomas Ewbank, Commissioner of Patents, for Official Misconduct, submitted to President Fillmore, January 1851, by five individuals or companies; also William C. Fuller's Charges against Thomas Ewbank, New York, 1851).
Ewbank was one of the founders and president of the American Ethnological Society. He died at New York on 16 Sept. 1870. Ewbank wrote:
- ‘A Descriptive and Historical Account of Hydraulic and other Machines for Raising Water, Ancient and Modern, including the progressive development of the Steam Engine,’ New York, 1845, 16th ed. 1876.
- ‘The World a Workshop, or the Physical Relation of Man to the Earth,’ New York, 1855.
- ‘Thoughts on Matter and Force,’ New York, 1858.
- ‘Reminiscences of the Patent Office, and of Scenes and Things in Washington,’ New York, 1859.
- ‘Inorganic Forces ordained to supersede Human Slavery,’ New York, 1860.
Ewbank also wrote a number of scattered papers on scientific subjects. Many of them appeared in the ‘Transactions of the Franklin Institute.’ His ‘Experiments on Marine Propulsion, or the Virtue of Form in Propelling Blades,’ attracted some attention in Europe.
[Cyclopædia of American Literature; Ripley and Dana's American Cyclopædia; Men of the Time, 1868; Cat. of Scientific Papers (1800-1863) Allibone's Dict. of English Literature; Brit. Mus. Cat.]