History of Journalism in the United States

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History of Journalism in the United States
by George Henry Payne
2970217History of Journalism in the United StatesGeorge Henry Payne

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
IN THE UNITED STATES

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM
IN THE UNITED STATES


BY

GEORGE HENRY PAYNE





D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
NEW YORKLONDON
1920

copyright, 1920, by
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY


PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TO

THE MEMORY OF

THEODORE ROOSEVELT

WHO UNDERSTOOD THE NEWSPAPER—
AND NEWSPAPERMEN

page

CONTENTS

chapter
page
 
PREFACE
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
vii
 
INTRODUCTION
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ix
I
Historic Preparation for Journalism
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1
II
The First Newspaper in America
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
12
III
The First Journals and Their Editors
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
23
IV
Philadelphia and the Bradfords
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
35
V
Printing in New York—The Zenger Trial
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
45
VI
Rise of Fourth Estate
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
59
VII
The Assumption of Political Power
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
76
VIII
The "Boston Gazette" and Samuel Adams
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
100
IX
Journalism and the Revolution
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
116
X
After the Revolution
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
135
XI
Growth of the Party Press
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
153
XII
The Editor and the Government
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
164
XIII
Adams and the Alien and Sedition Laws
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
176
XIV
Hamilton and the "Evening Post"
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
190
XV
Emigration and the Papers of the West
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
200
XVI
Suffrage and Slavery
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
217
XVII
Newspapers and the Capital
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
230
XVIII
Penny Papers and the "New York Sun"
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
240
XIX
James Gordon Bennett and the "Herald"
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
255
XX
Greeley and the "Tribune"
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
269
XXI
The "Times" and Greeley's Triumph
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
282
XXII
The Autocracy of the Slaveholders
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
295
XXIII
Civil War
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
307
XXIV
After the War
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
325
XXV
Editors of the New School
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
336
XXVI
After-War Problems and Reform
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
347
XXVII
The Melodrama in the News
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
360
XXVIII
Conclusion
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
370


A—The Beginning of "Newes"
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
383
B—The Character of William Bradford
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
384
C—Bryant Index Expurgatorius
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
386
D—Horace Greeley's Famous Letter to William H. Seward
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
387
E—Growth of Newspapers from 1776 to 1840
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
393
F—Statistics of the Daily and Weekly Newspapers in the U. S. in 1840
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
394
G—Newspaper Postage Rates for One Year
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
396
H—Zenger's Trial
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
397
I—The Sun-Herald Merger
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
398
Bibliography
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
399
Index
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
429

HISTORY OF JOURNALISM

IN THE UNITED STATES