Index:Sewell Dikshit The Indian Calendar (1896) proc.djvu

Title	The Indian Calendar
Author	Robert Sewell, Sankara Balakrishna Dikshit, Robert Gustav Schram
Year	1896
Publisher	Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Ltd.
Location	London
Source	djvu
Progress	To be proofread
Transclusion	Index not transcluded or unreviewed

Pages (key to Page Status)

Cover – – – I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xviii xix xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi xxvii xxviii xxix xxx xxxi xxxii xxxiii xxxiv xxxv xxxvi xxxvii xxxviii xxxix xl xli xlii xliii xliv xlv xlvi xlvii xlviii xlix l li lii liii liv lv lvi lvii lviii lix lx lxi lxii lxiii lxiv lxv lxvi lxvii lxviii lxix lxx lxxi lxxii lxxiii lxxiv lxxv lxxvi lxxvii lxxviii lxxix lxxx lxxxi lxxxii lxxxiii lxxxiv lxxxv lxxxvi lxxxvii lxxxviii lxxxix xc xci xcii xciii xciv xcv xcvi xcvii xcviii xcix c ci cii ciii civ cv cvi cvii cviii cix cx cxi cxii cxiii cxiv cxv cxvi cxvii cxviii cxix cxx cxxi cxxii cxxiii cxxiv cxxiva cxxv cxxvi cxxvii cxxviii cxxix cxxx cxxxi cxxxii cxxxiii cxxxiv cxxxv cxxxvi 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 – – – – – – Cover

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

 

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PART I. The Hindu Calendar.
	Page
Art. 1. Introductory	1
Elements and Definitions.
Art. 4. The pañchâṅga	2
Art.„ 5. The vâra, or week day	2
Days of the week	2
Art.„ 6. Time divisions	2
Subdivisions of the day	2
Art.„ 7. The tithi, amâvâsyâ, pûrṇimâ	3
Art.„ 8. The nakshatra	3
Art.„ 9. The yoga	3
Art.„ 10. The karaṇa	3
Art.„ 11. The paksha	4
Art.„ 12. Lunar months	4
Art.„ 13. Amânta and pûrṇimânta systems	4
Art.„ 14. Luni-solar month names	5
Art.„ 15. The solar year, tropical, sidereal, and anomalistic	5
Art.„ 16. The Kalpa. Mahâyuga. Yuga. Julian Period	6
Art.„ 17. Siddhânta year-measurement	6
Art.„ 18. Siddhântas now used for the same	7
The Siddhântas and other Astronomical Works.
Art. 19. Siddhântas, Karaṇas, bîja, Hindu schools of astronomers	7
Art.„ 20. Note on the Siddhântas, and their authors and dates	7
Art.„ 21. Authorities at present accepted by Hindus	9
Further details. Contents of the Pañchâṅga.
Art. 22. The Indian Zodiac, râśi, aṁśa	9
Art.„ 23. The Saṅkrântis. Names given to solar months	9
Art.„ 24. Length of months	10
Duration of solar months. Table	10
Art.„ 25. Adhika mâsas. Calendar used	11
Art.„ 26. True and mean saṅkrântis. Śodhya	11
Art. 28. The beginning of a solar month	12
Rule I. (a) The midnight Rule (Bengal).
Rule„ I. (b) The any-time Rule (Orissa).
Rule„ II. (a) The sunset Rule (Tamil).
Rule„ II. (b) The afternoon Rule (Malabar).
Art.„ 29. Pañchâṅgs, tithis	13
Art.„ 30. Extract from an actual pañchâṅga	13
The Ahargaṇa	16
Art.„ 31. Correspondence of tithis and solar days	16
Performance of religious ceremonies, śrâddhas, vratas	17
Art.„ 32. Adhika and kshaya tithis	17
Art.„ 34. Variation on account of longitude	18
Art.„ 35. Examples of the same	19
Art.„ 36. True and mean time	19
Mean sun, mean moon, true and mean sunrise	19
Art.„ 37. Basis of calculation for the Tables	20
Elements of uncertainty	20
Art.„ 38. Nakshatras	21
Yoga-târâs. Equal and unequal space systems. Garga and Brahma Siddhânta systems	21
Table. Longitude of Ending-points of Nakshatras	22
Art.„ 39. Auspicious Yogas	22
Art.„ 40. Karaṇas	23
Art.„ 40a. Eclipses	23
Oppolzer's Canon. Note by Professor Jacobi	23
Art.„ 41 Lunar months and their names	24
Season-names, star-names	24
Art.„ 42—44. Modern names of, derived from the nakshatras	24
Table shewing this derivation	25
Art.„ 45. Adhika and kshaya masas. Rules	25
Table	26
Art.„ 46. Their names. Rules	26
Art.„ 47. Their determination according to true and mean systems	27
Change of practice about A.D. 1100	27
Śrîpati. Bhâskarâchârya	28
Art.„ 48. Rules given in another form	28
Art.„ 49. Different results by different Siddhântas	29
Art.„ 50. Some peculiarities in the occurrence of adhika and kshaya mâsas	29
Art.„ 51. Intercalation of months by pûrṇimânta scheme	30
Years and Cycles.
Art.„ 52. The Hindu New Year's Day in solar and luni-solar reckoning	31
When the first month is intercalary	32
Differs in different tracts	32
Art.„ 53. The sixty-year cycle of Jupiter	32
Art. 54—55. Kshaya samvatsaras	33
Art.„ 56—57. Variations in expunction of samvatsaras	33
Jyotisha-tattva Rule	33
Art.„ 58. To find the current samvatsara	34
Art.„ 59. Rules for the same	34
(a) By the Sûrya Siddhânta	34
(b) By the Ârya Siddhânta	34
(c) By the Sûrya Siddhânta with the bîja	35
(d) Bṛihatsaṁhitâ and Jyotishatattva Rules	35
Art.„ 60. List of Expunged Samvatsaras by different authorities. Table	36
Art.„ 61. Earliest use of Jupiter's cycle	30
Art.„ 62. The southern (luni-solar) sixty-year cycle	36
Art.„ 63. The twelve-year cycle of Jupiter	37
Two kinds of Do.	37
Art.„ 64. The Graha-paravṛitti and Oṅko cycles	37
PART II. The Various Eras.
Art. 65. General remarks	39
Art.„ 66. Importation of eras into different tracts	39
Art.„ 67. Examples of Do.	39
Art.„ 68. Eras differently treated by the same author	39
Art.„ 69. Only one safe deduction	40
Art.„ 70. Current and expired years. Explanation	40
Art.„ 71. Description of the several eras	40
The Kali-Yuga	40
The Saptarshi Kâla Era	41
The Vikrama Era	41
The Christian Era	42
The Śaka Era	42
The Chedi or Kalachuri Era	42
The Gupta Era	43
The Valabhi Era	43
The Bengali San	43
The Vilâyatî Year	43
The Amli Era of Orissa	43
The Fasali Year	44
The Luni-solar Fasali Year	44
The Mahratta Sûr San, or Shahûr San	45
The Harsha Kâla	45
The Mâgi San	45
The Kollam Era, or Era of Paraśurâma	45
The Nevâr Era	45
The Châlukya Era	46
The Siṁha Samvat	46
The Lakshmana Sena Era	46
The Ilâhi Era	46
The Mahratta Râja Śaka Era	47
Art. 72. Names of Hindî and N. W. Fasali months	47
PART III. Description and Explanation of the Tables.
Art. 73—102. Table I. (general)	47
Art. 80. "Lunation-parts" or "tithi indices", or "t." explained	49
Art.„ 81. Relation of " tithi-index " and "tithi-part"	50
Art.„ 82. To convert "t." into solar time	50
Art.„ 83—86. Lunar conditions requisite for the intercalation or suppression of a month	50
Art.„ 87. Reasons for adopting tithi-index notation	51
Art.„ 90. Method for arriving at correct intercalated and suppressed months	52
Art.„ 91. Plan of work adopted for Table 1.	52
Art.„ 96. Moments of Mesha-saṅkrânti differ according to Ârya and Sûrya Siddhântas	54
Table shewing difference	55
Art.„ 102. a, b, c, (cols. 23, 24, 25) fully explained	56
Table. Increase of a, b, c. in a year and in a day	57
Art.„ 103. Table II., Parts i. and ii. Correspondence of amânta and pûrṇimânta months, and of months in different eras	57
Art.„ 104. Table II., Part iii. Do. of years of different eras	58
Rules for conversion of a year of one era into that of another	58
Art.„ 105. Table III. (Collective duration of months)	59
Art.„ 106. Tables IV., V. (w, a, b, c for every day in a year, and for hours and minutes)	59
Art.„ 107—110. Tables VI., VII. (Lunar and solar equations of the centre	60
Equation of the centre explained	60
Art.„ 111. Tables VIII., VIIIa., VIIIB.	62
Art.„ 112—117. Tables IX. to XVI.	62
PART IV. Use of the Tables.
Art. 118. Purposes for which the Tables may be used	62
Art.„ 119. To find the corresponding year and month of other eras	63
Art.„ 120. To find the samvatsara	63
Art.„ 121. To find the added or suppressed month	63
Art.„ 122—129. To convert a Hindu date into a date A.D. and vice versâ	63
By methods A, B, or C	63
Art.„ 131—133. To find the nakshatra, yoga, and karaṇa current on any date	64
Explanation of work for nakshatras and yogas	64
Art.„ 134. To convert a solar date into a luni-solar date, and vice versâ	65
Art. 135—136. Details for work by Method A	65
Art. 135. (a) Conversion of a Hindu solar date into a date A. D.	65
Art. 135. (b) Do. of a date A.D. into a Hindu solar date	66
Art.„ 136. (a) Do. of a Hindu luni-solar date into a date A.D.	67
Art. 136. (b) Do. of a date A.D. into a Hindu luni-solar date	68
Art.„ 137—138. Details for work by Method B	69
Art. 137. (a) Conversion of Hindu dates into dates A.D.	69
(a) Luni-solar Dates	70
(b) Solar Dates	73
Art.„ 138. (b) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu dates	74
(a) Luni-solar Dates	75
(b) Solar Dates	76
Art.„ 139—160. Details for work by Method C	77
Art. 139. (a) Conversion of Hindu luni-solar dates into dates A.D.	77
Art.„ 142. A clue for finding when a tithi is probably repeated or expunged	78
Art.„ 144. To find the moment of the ending of a tithi	78
Art.„ 145. Do. of its beginning	78
Art.„ 149. (b) Conversion of Hindu solar dates into dates A.D.	86
Art.„ 150. (c) Conversion into dates A.D. of tithis which are coupled with solar months	89
Art.„ 151. (d) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu luni-solar dates	90
Art.„ 152. (e) Conversion of dates A.D. into Hindu solar dates	93
Art.„ 153. (f) Determination of Karaṇas	96
Art.„ 156. (g) Do. of Nakshatras	97
Art.„ 159. (h) Do. of Yogas	97
Art.„ 160. (i) Verification of Indian dates	98
PART V. The Muhammadan Calendar.
Art. 161. Epoch of the Hijra	101
Art.„ 162. Leap-years	102
Art.„ 163. The months. Table	102
Art.„ 164. A month begins with the heliacal rising of the moon	102
Art.„ 165. Occurrence of this under certain conditions	103
Art.„ 166. Difference in,—caused by difference in longitude	103
Art.„ 167. Days of the Week. Table	103
Art.„ 168. Compensation for New Style in Europe	103
Art.„ 169. Rules for conversion of a date A.H. into a date A.D.	104
Art.„ 170. Rules for conversion of a date A.D. into a date A.H.	105
Dr. Burgess's Perpetual Muhammadan Calendar	105 106

	Page
Table I.	i to cii.
Table„ II.	ciii to cvi.
Table„ III.	cvii.
Table„ IV.	cviii to cx.
Table„ V.	cxi.
Table„ VI.	cxii.
Table„ VII.	cxii.
Table„ VIII.	cxiii.
Table„ VIIIa.	cxiv.
Table„ VIIIb.	cxiv, cxv.
Table„ IX.	cxvi, cxvii.
Table„ X.	cxviii.
Table„ XI.	cxix, cxx.
Table„ XII.	cxxi.
Table„ XIII.	cxxii.
Table„ XIV.	cxxiii.
Table„ XV.	cxxiv, cxxiva.
Table„ XVI.	cxxv, cxxxvi.
APPENDIX.
Eclipses of the Sun in India by Dr. Robert Schram.	109 to 116.
Table A	117 to 127.
Table„ B	128 to 137.
Table„ C	138.
Table„ D	139 to 148.
Additions and Corrections	149 to 161.
Index	163 to 169.