TABLE OF CONTENTS
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
i - FINDINGS
v - TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi - TABLE OF NAMES
x I. The evidence does not establish that President Trump pressured the Ukrainian government to investigate his political rival for the purpose of benefiting him in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.1 A. The evidence does not establish that President Trump pressured President Zelensky during the July 25 phone call to investigate the President's political rival for the purpose of benefiting him in the 2020 election.3 1. The call summary does not reflect any improper pressure or conditionality to pressure Ukraine to investigate President Trump's political rival.3 2. President Zelensky has publicly and repeatedly said he felt no pressure to investigate President Trump's political rival.6 3. President Trump has publicly and repeatedly said he did not pressure President Zelensky to investigate his political rival.8 4. Read-outs of the phone call from both the State Department and the Ukrainian government did not reflect that President Trump pressured President Zelensky to investigate his political rival.9 5. The National Security Council leadership did not see the call as illegal or improper.11 6. The anonymous, secondhand whistleblower complaint misstated details about the July 25 call, which has falsely colored the call's public characterization.12 B. The evidence does not establish that President Trump withheld a meeting with President Zelensky to pressure Ukraine to investigate the President's political rival for the purpose of benefiting him in the 2020 election.14 1. Ukraine has a long history of pervasive corruption.14 2. President Trump has a deep-seated, genuine, and reasonable skepticism of Ukraine due to its history of pervasive corruption.16 3. Senior Ukrainian government officials publicly attacked President Trump during the 2016 campaign.17 4. U.S. foreign policy officials were split on President Zelensky, a political novice with untested views on anti-corruption and a close relationship with a controversial oligarch.19 5. President Trump extended an invitation to the White House to President Zelensky on three occasions without conditions.21 6. Despite difficulty scheduling a face-to-face presidential meeting, senior Ukrainian officials interacted often with senior American officials between May and September 2019.23
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