7. The evidence does not establish a linkage between a White House meeting and Ukrainian investigations into President Trump's political rival.25 8. The evidence does not establish that President Trump directed Vice President Pence not to attend President Zelensky's inauguration to pressure Ukraine to investigate the President's political rival.29 9. President Trump and President Zelensky met during the United Nations General Assembly in September 2019 without any Ukrainian action to investigate President Trump's political rival.31 C. The evidence does not establish that President Trump withheld U.S. security assistance to Ukraine to pressure Ukraine to investigate the President's political rival for the purpose of benefiting him in the 2020 election.32 1. President Trump has been skeptical about U.S. taxpayer-funded foreign assistance.33 2. President Trump has been clear and consistent in his view that Europe should pay its fair share for regional defense.35 3. U.S. foreign aid is often conditioned or paused, and U.S. security assistance to Ukraine has been paused before.37 4. Despite President Trump's skepticism, the Trump Administration's policies have shown greater commitment and support to Ukraine than those of the Obama Administration.40 5. Although security assistance to Ukraine was paused in July 2019, several witnesses testified that U.S. security assistance was not linked to any Ukrainian action on investigations.41 6. President Trump rejected any linkage between U.S. security assistance and Ukrainian action on investigations.48 7. Senior U.S. officials never substantively discussed the delay in security assistance with Ukrainian officials before the July 25 call.50 8. The Ukrainian government denied any awareness of a linkage between U.S. security assistance and investigations.53 9. The Ukrainian government considered issuing a public anti-corruption statement to convey that President Zelensky was "serious and different" from previous Ukrainian regimes.54 10. President Zelensky never raised a linkage between security assistance and investigations in his meetings with senior U.S. government officials.60 11. In early September 2019, President Zelensky's government implemented several anticorruption reform measures.62 12. The security assistance was ultimately disbursed to Ukraine in September 2019 without any Ukrainian action to investigate President Trump's political rival.64 D. The evidence does not establish that President Trump set up a shadow foreign policy apparatus to pressure Ukraine to investigate the President's political rival for the purpose of benefiting him in the 2020 election.65
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