son of 'Adah, is the father of all who handle lyre and pipe; the
oldest and simplest musical instruments. These two occupations,
representing the bright side of human existence, have
'Adah (the Dawn?) as their mother; recalling the classical
association of shepherds with music (see Lenorm. i. 207).—22.
Equally suggestive is the combination of Tûbal-ḳâyin, the
smith, and Na'ămāh ('pleasant'), as children of the dark
Ẓillah; cf. the union of Hephæstos and Aphrodite in Greek
mythology (Di. al.).—The opening words of a(Greek characters) are corrupt.
We should expect: he became the father of every artificer in brass and iron (see footnote). The persistent idea that
Tubal-cain was the inventor of weapons, Ber. R., Ra. and
most, which has led to a questionable interpretation of the
Song, has no foundation. He is simply the metal-worker,
certainly a stringed instrument, played with the hand (1 Sa. 1623 etc.),
probably the lyre (Greek (Greek characters)). The (
Hebrew characters) (associated with the (
Hebrew characters)
in Jb. 2112 3031: elsewhere only Ps. 1504) is some kind of wind instrument
(VTO),—a flute or reed-pipe, perhaps the Pan's pipe ((
Greek characters)).—22. (
Hebrew characters)]
in genealogies (as here, 426 1021 1938 2220. 24 [Ju. 831]) is characteristic of J.—(
Hebrew characters)]
G (
Greek characters). Other Vns. have the compound name, and
on the whole it is probable that (
Greek characters) is a corruption of (
Greek characters), although
the next cl. has (
Greek characters) alone.—(
Hebrew characters)] G (
Greek characters),
V qui fuit malleator et faber in cuncta opera aer. et f; S
(
Syriac characters); TO (
Hebrew characters).
To get any kind of sense from MT, it is necessary either (a) to take (
Hebrew characters)
('sharpener' or 'hammerer') in the sense of 'instructor'; or (b) take
(
Hebrew characters) as neut. ('a hammerer of every cutting implement of,' etc.); or (c)
adopt the quaint construction (mentioned by Bu. 138): 'a hammerer of
all (sorts of things),—a (successful) artificer in bronze,' etc! All these
are unsatisfactory; and neither the omission of (
Hebrew characters) with G (Di.), nor the
insertion of (
Hebrew characters) before it yields a tolerable text. Bu.'s emendation (139 ff.)
(
Hebrew characters) [for (
Hebrew characters)] is much too drastic, and stands or falls with his
utterly improbable theory that Lamech and not Tubal-cain was originally
designated as the inventor of weapons. The error must lie in the
words (
Hebrew characters), for which we should expect, (
Hebrew characters) (Ols. Ball). The
difficulty is to account for the present text: it is easy to say that (
Hebrew characters)
and (
Hebrew characters) are glosses, but there is nothing in the v. to require a gloss, and
neither of these words would naturally have been used by a Heb. writer
for that purpose.—(
Hebrew characters)] The Semitic words for 'iron' (Ass. parzillu,
Aram. [Aramaic: **] (
Syriac characters), Ar. farzil) have no Semitic etymology, and are
probably borrowed from a foreign tongue. On the antiquity of iron in
W. Asia, see Ridgeway, Early Age of Gr. i. 616 ff.