304 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. styles are denoted E.E., Dec, and Pevp. respectively. Those which were the churches of Benedictine monasteries (page 218) are distinguished by an asterisk •'. 1. Bangor (No. 119 d). — Repeatedly destroyed. Present church is Dec. and Perp., but suffered much in the civil wars. In 1866 thoroughly restored by Sir G. Scott. 2. Bristol (Nos. 114 H, 120 K). — An Augustinian monastery. Rectangular Norman vaulted chapter house. E.E. "Elder Lady Chapel." Dec. choir, A D. 1306- 1 332, and modern nave in imitation thereof, by Street. Peculiar in having nave and aisles of nearly equal height, with lofty aisle windows, as in some German churches {rf. No. 172). There is thus an absence of the usual triforium and clerestory. Remarkable canopied wall recesses for monuments. 3. *Canterbury (Nos. 116 c, 118 k). — A choir of singular interest, erected by William of Sens, in a style after French models, on the destruction of Anselm's Norman choir in 1170. On his death the work proceeded under William the Englishman. The singular contraction of the width of the choir, in order to preserve two ancient Norman chapels, is worthy of notice. In plan this choir resembled that of the Cathedral at Sens. At the extreme east is the curious chapel called " Hecket's Crown." E.xtensive crypts are under all the eastern portion. There are double transepts, the original Norman work being of singular interest. The splendid central tower. 229 feet high, is in the Late Perp. style. The nave, also late, is of lesser interest, and the west front and towers are unimportant, except in the general picturesqueness of the group. The chapter house is oblong, with fine wouden ceiling. The Perp. cloisters, on the north side, are of great beauty. A large number of side chapels resembling Continental Cathedrals. 4. Carlisle (No. 114 g, 120 li). — An Augu.tinian Abbey. The east end a fine composition, containing the most perfect of tracery windows. 5. *Chester (Nos. 115 k, 120 f). — Oiiginally the church of the Benedictine order of S. Werburgh. Built of red snndstone. Perp. centrr.1 and lower portion of south-western towers. Cloisters on the north. Lady chaj)el at the east end. 6. Chichester (No. 114 A, 119 g). — The chief example of double aisles, really caused by the formation of lateral chapels. Fine central spire. Norman nave. The Bell Tower is the only example of its kind belonging to an English Cathedral. 7. *Durham (No. 114 B, 118 v). — Norman work (1096-1133). An eastern transept called the "Chapel of the Nine Altars," in massive E. E. (1242- 1290), and a central Perp. tower, 216 feet in height, help to form a group which for strength of outline and dignity have few, if any, rivals. Internally, the special point is the massive arcade of the Norman nave, A.D. 1099-1128, the finest in England, the pillars about the same width as the openings, and quaintly channelled with characteristic spirals and flutes. The nave was vaulted in A.D. 1 133 and is said to be the earliest example of a Norman vault in England. 8. *Ely (Nos. 114 C, 117 A, 136 A, D and 137 f). — Norman nave and transepts, with timber roof and modern paintings. Choir remarkable for splendid carving. Most noted feature is the unique octagon, 70 feet in diameter, by Alan of Wal- singham, in 1322, replacing a fallen central lower. It has a rich vault of wood only, reaching to a central octagonal lant.rn. The sides of the octagon are unequal, being alternately 20 feet and 35 feet. The plan influenced that of S. Paul, London (No. 253), which it inspired. Exceptional Indy chapel, 100 feet by 46 feet, by 60 feet high : c mipare chapter house, Canterbury. The west front is an imposing composition (180 feet wide), owing to the bold tower, the same width as the nave and 215 feet high, flanked originally with bold north and south transeptal ))rojections, ended by big octagonal turrets. In front of the tower projects the E.E. (II98-1215) Galilee porch, two square bays in plan, vaulted and elaborately arcaded.
