238 A Short History of Nursing school. All nursing students were required to meet the matriculation standards (full high school) and were registered as regular students of the uni- versity with all university privileges. The first term of the three-year training in Minnesota is devoted to a preparatory course, the student living outside the hospital, and paying all her own expenses. After this is completed, she is in residence at the hospital, taking all her courses as a student of the university and graduating with other students in cap and gown at the annual commencement. This plan has worked out most successfully under the direction of Louise Powell, who has been superintendent of nurses since 1910. In 1 91 8, a course in public health nursing for graduate and undergraduate nurses has been opened in connection with the university school of nursing and a plan worked out for giving a com- bined academic and professional course of five years leading to the Bachelor of Science Degree. The University of Indiana was the next to or- ganize a school of nursing as an integral part of the university. This school is connected with the Robert W. Long hospital, and is a part of the school of medicine, as in Minnesota. Mrs. Ethel Clarke has had a large share in developing the work of this school.
