Page:A simplified grammar of the Polish language.djvu/19

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10
Polish Grammar.

Example 1:—imie, ‘the name.’

Singular. Plural.
N. imie imiona.
G. imienia imion.
D. imieniu imionom.
A. imie imiona.
V. imie imiona.
I. imieniem imionami.
L. imieniu imionach.

To this declension belong the verbal substantives in ie, but, as a rule, they are only used in the singular.

Many other substantives are also used only in the singular, especially when a collective idea is implied; as, żyto, ‘barley;’ jazda, ‘cavalry;’ dziatwa, ‘children.’ Others are only used in the plural; as, chrzciny, ‘ baptism;’ lowy, hunting.' Substantives can also be modified into diminutives and augmentatives; as, krówka, ‘a little cow;’ mieścisko, ‘a great ugly town.’ In some substantives in the last syllable in the locative a and o are changed into e, as gniazdo, ‘the nest,’ w gniezdie; siodło, ‘the saddle,’ w siedle; jezioro, ‘the lake,’ w jezierze; żelazo, ‘the iron,’ w żelazie.

The following substantives are also irregular:-oko, ‘the eye;’ ucho, ‘the ear,’ in the plural; xiąze, ‘prince,’ is irregular in the singular-in the plural it is declined like cielęta, 'calves'.