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MidLat. butyrum (whence Fr. beurre, Ital. burro), late Gr.-Scyth. βούτυρον. Yet the art of making butter was known in Germany ere the introduction of the term from the South of Europe. Butter was called Aufe, as is still the case in Alem.; comp. Anke and Kerne; perhaps the process in the south was different, and with the new method came the new term. The art of making cheese may have found its way |
earlier, even before the middle of the 9th cent., from the South of Europe to the North. See Käse.
Butzen, m., ‘core, snuff (of candles),’ first occurs in ModHG.; cognate with the equiv. Swiss bœ̄ke, f. (bätzi, bätzgi). The structure of the word resembles ModHG. (dial.) Großen; see under Griebs. Probably, therefore, represents *bugze, *bûgaȥ (Swiss bœ̄ke, from *bauggyô)?. |
C.
See K.
D.
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da, adv., ‘there, then, since,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dâr, dâ, OHG. dâr; the loss of the final r (dar still remained in ModHG.; see dar) is seen also in other advs.: MidHG. sâ, from OHG. sâ, sâr, ‘soon, at once’ (cognate with E. soon), comp. wo. AS. þœ̂r, E. there, corresponds to OHG. dâr; Goth. þar (instead of the expected form *þêr). The adv. is formed from the OTeut. demonstr. pron. þa-, Gr. το-, described under der; the r of OHG. dâr and Goth. þar appears in OInd. tárhi, ‘at that time’ (hi is an enclitic particle like Gr. γέ); comp. also Sans. kárhi, ‘when,’ under wo. As to the variation of demonst. and relat. meanings in da, see der. Dach, n., ‘roof, cover, shelter,’ from MidHG. dach, n., ‘roof, covering, ceiling, awning,’ OHG. dah; it corresponds to AS. þœc, ‘roof,’ E. thatch, OIc. þak; Goth. *Þak, ‘roof,’ is wanting, the term used being hrôt, the primit. Teut. term for ‘roof,’ allied to Decken. The art of constructing houses (see under Giebel, First, Haus, Thür, Schwelle, Tenne, Zimmer, &c.) was not yet developed when the Teutons were migrating from East to West; hence most of the technical terms are peculiar to Teutonic. The primary meaning of the word Dach is apparent, since it is formed by gradation from a Teut. root Þek, Aryan teg, ‘to cover’; Lat. tego, tegere; Gr. τέγος, n., ‘roof’; the same stage of gradation as in HG. Dach is seen in Lat. toga (‘the covering garment’), Lat. tugurium, ‘hut.’ The same root appears in Gr. with a prefix s, στέγω, ‘I cover,’ στέγη, ‘roof,’ as well as in Lith. stógas, |
‘roof,’ Ind. sthágâmi, ‘I cover.’ Hence the HG. Dach, like the equiv. Gr. τέγος, στέγη, Lith. stógas (akin to stěgti, ‘to cover’), signifies properly ‘the covering part.’
Dachs, m., ‘badger,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dahs, OHG. dahs, m.; undoubtedly a genuine Teut. word, like Fuchs, Bachs, though it cannot be authenticated in the non-Germ. languages (Du. and LG. das). It was adopted by Rom. (MidLat. taxus, Ital. tasso, Fr. taisson). It is probable that the animal, specially characterised by its winter burrow, received its name from the Aryan root teks, ‘to construct.’ In OInd. the root takš properly signifies ‘to construct skilfully, make, build’ (a carriage, pillars of an altar, a settle), while the name of the agent formed from it — takšan — denotes ‘carpenter, worker in wood.’ To the same root belong Gr. τόξον, ‘bow,’ τέκτων, ‘carpenter’; in Teut. also OHG. dëhsala, MidHG. dëhsel, ‘hatchet, axe.’ Dachtel, f., ‘box on the ear’; like Ohrfeige, properly a euphemism used in jest for a blow. Dachtel is an older (MidHG.) form for Dattel. Comp. further the term Kopfnüsse, ‘blows on the head,’ the orig. sense of which expresses, of course, something different from what is usually understood by the word. See Nuß. dahlen, vb., ‘to talk nonsense,’ from the LG.; comp. E. to dally (the initial d indicates that the word was borrowed), which is traced back to OIc. þylja, ‘to chatter.’ Dalles, m., ‘destruction, ruin,’ Jew.; |
