Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/73

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properly the Jewish winding-sheet worn on the great ‘day of atonement’ (hence orig. ‘to wear the Dalles’); from Hebr. talîth. According to others, the word is based on Hebr. dallût, ‘poverty.’

damals, adv., ‘at that time, then,’ ModHG. only. In MidHG. the expression is des mâles, ‘at that time.’ See Mal.

Damast, n., ‘damask,’ early ModHG., derived, like Du. damast, E. damask, from Rom. (comp. Fr. damas, Ital. damasto); based on the name of the city Damaskus.

Dambock, Damhirsch, m., ‘buck’; in ModHG. often written Damm- in the attempt to find some cognate for this unintelligible word. MidHG. tâme, from OHG. tâmo, dâmo, m.; the word is of Lat. origin, dâma (Fr. daim, m., daine, f.). It is remarkable that in AS. the labial nasal is lost — AS. dâ, E. doe; perhaps the latter is of genuine Teut. origin. The initial d of the ModHG. word is due to the Lat. original, or to LG. influence.

Dambrett, n., ‘draught-board,’ for Damenbrett, from Dame, which was first borrowed by ModHG. from Fr. dame (Lat. domina).

dämisch, dämlich, adj., ‘dull, drowsy, crazy,’ ModHG. only; a MidG. and LG. word (Bav. damiš, taumiš); from a Teut. root þêm, equiv. to Sans. tam (tâmyati), ‘to get tired, out of breath,’ whence Lat. têmulentus, ‘drunk.’ Probably allied to the cognates of dämmern.

Damm, m., ‘dam, dike, mole,’ MidHG. tam(mm); the d of the ModHG. word compared with the t of MidHG. points to a recent borrowing from LG.; comp. Du. and E. dam (a bank), OIc. dammr. Goth. has only the deriv. faurdammjan, ‘to embank, hinder’; akin to AS. demman, E. to dam, ModHG. dämmen.

dämmern, vb., ‘to grow dusk, dawn,’ from MidHG. dëmere, f. (also even MidHG. dëmerunge, f.), OHG. dëmar, n., ‘crepusculum,’ a deriv. of a Teut. root þem, Aryan tem, ‘to be dusk’ (see also dämisch). OSax. preserves in the Heliand the cognate adj. thimm, ‘gloomy’; allied to MidDu. and MidLG. deemster, ‘dark.’ A part from Teut. the assumed root tem, meaning ‘to grow dusk,’ is widely diffused; Sans. tamas, ‘darkness’ (exactly corresponding to OHG. dëmar), tamrá-s, ‘obscuring, stifling’; támisrâ, f., ‘dark night’; Ir. temel, ‘darkness,’ temen, ‘dark grey.’ With the latter words Lat. tenebrœ, ‘darkness,’ is connected (br in Lat.

from sr; n for m on account of the following labial, a process of differentiation); OSlov. tĭma, ‘darkness,’ Lith. tamsùs, ‘dark,’ tamsà, f., ‘dusk,’ témti, ‘to grow dusk.’ In the earlier Germ. periods we have further MidHG. dinster, OHG. dinstar, which are so related to Sans. támisrâ, ‘night,’ and Lat. tenebrœ, as to imply a Goth. þinstra- as an adj. stem; in that case t has intruded between s and r, as in Schwester. With regard to MidHG. dinster comp. also ModHG. düster and finster.

Dampf, m., ‘vapour, steam,’ from MidHG. dampf, tampf, m., ‘vapour, smoke’; tampf seems to have been the strictly HG. form; allied to the equiv. OIc. dampe, E. and Du. damp, ‘moisture’; not recorded in the earlier, periods. Formed by gradation from a str. vb. — MidHG. dimpfen, ‘to fume, smoke,’ which has disappeared in ModHG.; its factitive, however, still exists — dämpfen, MidHG. dempfen, orig. sense, ‘to cause to smoke,’ i.e, ‘to stifle (a fire).’ See also dumpf; dunkel may also be allied to it.

Dank, m., ‘thanks, acknowledgment, recompense,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. danc, m.; corresponds to Goth. þagks (þanks), AS. þanc, E. thanks. Etymologically Dank is simply ‘thinking,’ hence ‘the sentiment merely, not expressed in deeds.’ See denken; dünken.

dann, adv., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. danne, ‘then, at that time, in such a case, thereupon’; properly identical with denn; in MidHG. and OHG. danne is used indifferently for denn and dann. AS. þonne, þœnne, E. then. The OTeut. adv. is based on the pronominal stem þa- (comp. der); yet the mode of its formation is nor quite clear. Comp. da, der, and the following word.

dannen, adv., only preserved in the phrase von dannen, ‘thence, from thence’; MidHG. dannen, OHG. dannana, dannân, and danân, ‘inde, illinc’; AS. þanon, E. thence. For Goth. *þanana the word þaþrô, formed from the same root, was used.

dar, adv., ‘there,’ etymologically identical with da (whence the compounds daran, darin, darum, &c.), and with OHG. dara, ‘thither.’

darben, vb., ‘to suffix want, famish,’ from MidHG. darben, OHG. darbên, ‘to dispense with, be deficient’; corresponds to Goth. gaþarban, ‘to abstain from’; AS. þearfan, ‘to be in need of.’ The verb is derived from the same root (þerf) as dürfen