Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/74

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which see; its primary meaning is ‘to be in need of.’

Darm, m., ‘gut, intestine,’ from the equiv. MidHG. darm, OHG. daram, m.; comp. AS. þearm, OFris. therm, Du. darm, OIc. þarmr, m., Swed. and Dan. tarm. Corresponds in the non-Teut. languages to Lat. trâmes, ‘way,’ Gr. τρῆμα, ‘hole, eye,’ τράμις, ‘perineum,’ from root tar, ‘to traverse.’ Hence the orig. sense of Darm was probably ‘passage.’ — Allied to the collective Gedärm (ModHG.), n., ‘entrails,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gederme, OHG. gidermi, n.

Darre, f., ‘kiln for drying fruit, malt, &c.,’ from the equiv. MidHG. darre, OHG. darra, f.; akin to MidLG. darre, Swed. (dial.) tarre: like dörren, dürr, from an OTeut. root þers, pre-Teut. ters, upon which are based ModHG. Durst, dürsten, with a specialised meaning. The root ters appears in Gr. τέρσομαι, ‘to become dry,’ τερσαίνω, ‘to dry’; in relation to ModHG. Darre the equiv. ταρσός and ταρσία, ‘hurdle for drying fruit,’ deserve special notice. The words connected with the root ters are cited under Durst, since they, like Durst, have been similarly restricted in meaning, Lat. torreo, for *torseo, corresponds in form and idea to ModHG. dörren; comp. further Lat. torris, ‘firebrand,’ torridus, ‘parched.’ From Teut. þarrian, Fr. tarir, ‘to dry up,’ is derived. See dörren, dürr, Durst.

daß, conj., ‘that,’ from MidHG. and OHG. daȥ; corresponds to OLG. and E. that, Goth. þata; etymologically identical with das, the neut. article. See der.

Dattel, f., ‘date’ (fruit), from MidHG. datel, tatel, tatele, f.; from Rom., — Fr. datte, Ital. dattilo; the primary source of which is Gr. δάκτυλος, ‘date’ (comp. Attich).; hence too Du. dadel, E. date.

Daube, f., akin to the equiv. MidHG. dûge, f., ‘stave’; the ModHG. b compared with MidHG. g shows that the modern word cannot be a continuation of the MidHG. form. UpGer. has preserved the word dauge, corresponding to MidHG. dûge; comp. Du. duig, ‘stave.’ OIc. þûfa, f., ‘entrenchment, rampart,’ does not appear to be related. In Rom. is found a word phonetically allied and equiv. in meaning — Fr. douve, ‘stave’ (but also ‘moat’; hence this is connected with the OIc. word quoted); it was most likely borrowed from Du. or LG. The Scand. þùfa and the MidHG. dûge look very much like Teut.

words whether they are allied or not. We cannot possibly derive MidHG. dûge from Gr. δοχή, ‘receptacle.’ Respecting the permutation of b (f) and g, see Traube.

dauern (1.), vb., ‘to last, endure,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dûren, tûren, from Lat. dûrare (Fr. durer). Dauer, f., is simply a ModHG. form from dauern. E. to dure (endure) comes from Fr. durer.

dauern (2.), bedauern, vb., ‘to cause pity, sorrow, regret’; the initial d indicates that the vb. was borrowed from MidG. and LG., for the MidHG. form was tûren; mich tûret ein ding or eines dinges, ‘that appears to me to be (too) expensive, dear’; tûren is related by gradation to teuer, MidHG. tiure; for the change from û to iu comp. traurig with AS. dreórig, E. dreary. It is remarkable that the verb, which, judging by its gradation, must be very old, is utterly wanting in the older dialects.

Daumen, m., ‘thumb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and MidLG. dûme, OHG. dûmo, m.; comp. Du. duim, AS. þûma, E. thumb; OIc. þumall, þumalfingr. The same deriv. with the suffix l is seen, but with a change of meaning, however, in AS. þŷmel, E. thimble (Goth. *þûma). This word ‘thumb’ is consequently common to the Teut. group; even the other fingers had each its special name in the OTeut. period. The AS. terms middefinger, midlesta finger, se goldfinger, se lîtla finger, are in complete accord with ModHG. Mittelfinger (middle-finger), Goldfinger (ring-finger), and der kleine Finger (the little-finger), respectively. These terms are not formed, therefore, like Daumen from an old independent stem; in this way Daumen is proved to be primit., though etymologically it is not quite clear; the pre-Teut. form may have been *tûmon, perhaps akin to tŭmeo, ‘to swell’?. In that case Daumen would be equiv. to ‘swollen finger’; comp. also Sans. tumrá-s, as ‘greasy, fat, vigorous,’ and tûtuma-s, ‘strong,’ Zend tûma, ‘strong,’ with Lat. tum-eo. Gr. τυΐλος, τύλη(ū̆), ‘callosity, swelling, knob, hump,’ are based upon a root tū̆, while the Lat. cognates point to tū̆m. The orig. sense of both may have been ‘to swell, be thick.’

Daune, Dune, f., ‘down,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. dûne, f.; comp. OIc. dúnn, m., E. down. Hence the initial dental proves that the ModHG. word is of LG. origin, for since the Scand. and Eng. words begin with d, a genuine HG. word would necessarily have an initial t. The