Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/83

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nates point to a Teut. root þrel, ‘to turn on a lathe). — drillen, ‘to plague’ or ‘to drill (recruits),’ may be derived from the first or the second meaning.

Drillich, m., ‘ticking,’ from MidHG. drilich, drilch, m., ‘a stuff woven with three threads’; an adj. signifying ‘threefold’ formed into a subst.; see Zwillich. Dri- is the older form for drei in compounds (see dritte, Zwil-, and Drilling); OHG. drĭfalt, ‘threefold.’ OHG. drilîch, ‘threefold, consisting of three threads,’ is the convenient Ger. rendering of the Lat. trĭlîx (trîlîcem), ‘triple-twilled, from lîcium, ‘thread.’ Similar formations may be seen in Zwillich and Sammet.

Drilling, m., ‘triplet, one of three born at the same time,’ simply ModHG., formed like Zwilling.

dringen, vb., ‘to press, crowd, pierce,’ from MidHG. dringen, OHG. dringan, ‘to compress, throng, press on,’ then also ‘to plait, weave’ (MidHG. drîhe, ‘embroidering needle’); comp. Goth. þreihan (eih from inh), ‘to throng, oppress, cram; afflict.’ The Teut. root is þrinhw, þrung; comp. also with OHG. dringan, OSax. thringan, AS. þringan, ‘to press,’ OIc. Þryngva. The h was retained by MidHG. drîhe, f., ‘embroidering needle,’ whence MidHG. drîhen, ‘to embroider.’ — With the general meaning ‘to press’ are connected ModHG. Drang, drängen, Gedränge (OHG. gidręngi), Goth. þraihns, ‘crowd’ (in faihuþraihns, ‘wealth’); E. throng. With the Teut. cognates Lith. trėnkti, ‘to shake, push,’ trànksmas, ‘din, tumult,’ Lett. treckt, ‘to shatter,’ are primit. allied.

dritte, ord. of drei, ‘third,’ MidHG. dritte, OHG. dritto; corresponds to Goth. þridja; AS. þridda, E. third. þri- is the stem (see Drillich), dja the suffix, which forms the ordinal from the cardinal; it is -lio- in Lat. tertius Sans. tṛtîya-s. —

Drittel, n. ‘third part, third,’ from MidHG. dritteil.

Droge, f., ‘drug,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. drogue, which with its Rom. cognate droga (Ital., Span.) is usually derived from Du. droog (see trocken); yet there are essential reasons for ascribing the word to an Eastern origin.

drohen, vb., ‘threaten,’ from the equiv. MidHG. drôu, wk. vb., which is the denominative of an earlier dro, f., ‘threat.’ The more ancient vb. is ModHG. dräuen, from MidHG. dröuwen, drouwen, OHG. dręwen,

drouwen; Goth. *þraujan, AS. þreán þreáde) (equiv. to E. to threaten). OHG. drô, drôa (gen. drawa), corresponds to AS. þreá; Goth. þrawa is wanting, gen. þrawôs, f., ‘threat.’ In E. the word is obsolete. Beyond Teut. there are no cognates.

Drohne, f., ‘drone.’ The strict HG. form is Trehne, Trene (so still in Saxony and Austria), according to MidHG. trëne, trën, OHG. trëno, m. Drohne is a LG. form derived from Sax. drân, plur. drâni, to which AS. drân, plur. drœ̂n, E. drone, correspond; both point to Goth. *drainus, *drênus, while OHG. trëno assumes perhaps Goth. *drina; the relation between the theoretical Goth. forms has not yet been definitely fixed. The base drē̆n seems to appear in dröhnen (Goth. drunjus, ‘loud sound’). From the same root probably a Gr. term for ‘bee’ is formed — τεμθρήνη, ‘a sort of wasp or humble-bee' (also ἀνθρήνη, ‘wild bee’? — comp. too τενθρηδών, ανθρηδών), also Lacon. θρώναξ, ‘drone.’ Biene, like Drohne, is a primit. Teut. term. See the following word.

dröhnen, vb., ‘to roar, mumble, creak, drone,’ simply ModHG., borrowed from LG. drönen; comp. Du. dreunen, OIc. drynja, vb., ‘to drone, roar,’ OIc. drynr, m., ‘droning,’ Goth. drunjus, m., ‘loud sound.’ See derivatives of the same root drē̆n, dhrē̆n, under Drohne; comp. besides Gr. θρῆνος, ‘lamentation.’

drollig, adj., ‘droll, ludicrous, queer,’ simply ModHG. from LG. drullig, Du. drollig; E. droll (subst. and adj.), also adj. drollish; Fr. drôle, ‘droll, merry.’ None of these are recorded in the older periods of the several languages, hence their origin (Rom.? Teut.?). is obscure. The derivation from the Scand. name trǫll applied to ghostly monsters is improbable, for in the Scand. dialects the word has an initial t while the. ModHG. drollig and its cognates have d.

Droſſel (1.), f., ‘thrush,’ a LG. form from MidLG. drosle, OSax. throssela, throsla; the strictly UpG. term for Droſſel is Bav. Drôſchel, from MidHG. drôschel, f.; comp. OHG. drôscela, f., also without the deriv. l, drôsca, drôscea, f.; the latter form corresponds to AS. þrŷsce (from *þrauskiô), E. thrush. E. throstle, from AS. þrostle, ‘merula,’ corresponds to MidHG. drostel; in Goth. the latter would be *þrustla and the former þrauska (or rather *þrauskjô); akin to Gr. τρυγών, ‘turtle-dove,’ from *τρυσγών?.