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Comp. on the other hand OIc. þrǫstr, m., ‘thrush,’ Goth. *þrastus. This abundance of words which are undoubtedly closely allied renders any sure comparison with cognate words beyond Teut. a difficult task. The Lat. turdêla, ‘thrush,’ may be for *tṛzdêla; in that case the st of MidHG. drostel, E. throstle, is shifted from sd (see Ast, Gerste, Mast, Nest); turdêla is a derivative of turdus, ‘thrush,’ closely connected with OIc. þrǫstr, m. (Goth. *þrastus, m.). Lith. has a longer form for Drossel, with an initial s — strázdas, which makes the origin of st of MidHG. drostel from zd, sd, a certainty. Russ. drozdŭ, OSlov. drozgŭ, are abnormal. The words of the Teut. group found their way into Rom.: ModFr. trâle (from *þrasla, *þrastla). — Drossel is one of the few names of birds found in several Aryan languages at the same time, and entirely free from the assumption that they were borrowed.

Drossel (2.), f., ‘throat, throttle, Adam's apple,’ preserved only in the deriv. erdrosseln, ‘to throttle, strangle’; not allied to Drossel (1.), as is shown by MidHG. droȥȥe, f., ‘gullet, throat.’ Comp. OHG. droȥȥa, AS. þrotu, f., E. throat, and likewise E. throttle (subst. and vb.), an l deriv. There is a parallel group with an initial s added (see Drossel (1.), Dach); MidHG. stroȥȥe, OLG. strota, ‘throat, windpipe,’ Du. stroot; see strotzen. From HG. the word found its way into Rom., — Ital. strozza, ‘throat,’ strozzare, ‘to strangle.’

Drost, m., ‘chief magistrate’ (a LG. word), from MidLG. droste, drossête; the latter is identical with MidHG. truhtsœȥe, ModHG. Truchseß; for Drostei see under Truchseß.

Druck, m., ‘pressure, oppression, printing, proof,’ from MidHG. druc (-ckes), m., ‘pressure, violent impact, rebound, hostile encounter,’ OHG. druck; corresponds to AS. þryc (cc supported by ofþrycc), ‘pressure.’

drücken, drucken, ‘to press, oppress, hug, print,’ from MidHG. drücken, drucken, OHG. drucchen (comp. AS. þryccan, ‘to press’), MidHG. drucken, an unmodified UpG. variant, has a specialised meaning in ModHG. In Goth. the subst. would be *þrukks, the vb. þrukkjan. Since the MidHG. vb. drücken is equiv. to ‘to press, throng, oppress, thrust oneself,’ the meanings harmonise well with dringen, which is based upon an Aryan root trenk, while drücken would be derived from a root trek

without the nasal; the kk of the theoretical Goth. form originated probably in kn. —

Drucksen, ModHG. a frequentative form of drücken.

Drude, f., ‘sorceress,’ LG.; MidHG. trute, f.. ‘demoness, nightmare’; Drudenfuß, MidHG. trutenvuoȥ. In spite of its wide diffusion (Dan. drude, Gothland. druda), the form of the word is obscure, for it is impossible to see to what the MidHG. initial t and ModHG. d are related. Perhaps MidHG. trute is to be connected with the adj. traut; in that case Drude would be a euphemism similar perhaps to Gr. Eumenides.

Druse (1.), f., ‘ore with a drossy or crystal surface,’ simply ModHG.; of obscure origin.

Druse (2.), ‘glanders,’ ModHG.; identical with Drüse.

Drüse, f., ‘gland, kernel, swelling of the glands,’ from MidHG. drüese, druose (whence the ModHG. variant druse, but only in a special sense); OHG. druos, druosi, f., ‘glanders,’ Goth. *þros or þrôhsi?, is wanting; so too in E. there is no cognate term.

Drusen, plur., an UpG. word for ‘dregs, lees,’ from MidHG. druosene, OHG. truosana (UpG. dialects have ue in the accented syllable); corresponds to Du. droesem, MidDu. droesene, AS. drôsn, ‘dregs.’ The base is perhaps Goth. drôhsnô, to which E. dregs, ModHG. Treber, Trecher are also allied.

du, 2nd pers. pron., ‘thou’; from MidHG. and OHG. du, and the collateral MidHG. and OHG. dû; comp. AS. þû, E. thou; Lat. tu, Gr. τύ, σύ, and Sans. tvam, are prim. cognates. The details respecting the Aryan pronom. stem belong to grammar.

Ducaten, m. (ducat, m., rarely fem. in earlier ModHG.), ‘ducat,’ from late MidHG. ducâte, m. (MidLat. ducâtus).

Ducht, f., Duchtbank, and Duft, ‘rowing seat, thwart;’ the form with f is HG., that with ch LG.; OHG. dofta, f., OIc. þopta, f., ‘thwart’; OHG. gidofto, prop. ‘comrade on the thwart,’ AS. geþofta, ‘comrade.’ One of the prim-Teut. naval terms developed during the migrations of the Teutons; see Ruder, Segel, Mast, Schiff, &c. That the LG. form found its way into HG. is not remarkable after what has been said under Bord, Büse, and Boot. The OTeut. word for ‘thwart’ (Goth. *þuftó, f.), belongs probably to a root tup, ‘to squat