Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/92

---

wanting; comp. AS. ânad (from ânôd), OSax. ênôdi, ‘desert’; the suffix -ôdus corresponds to Lat. -âtus (senatus, magistratus). —

einsam, adj., ‘lonely, solitary,’ simply ModHG. derived from ein and the suffix of langsam, wonnesam, ehrsam. See -sam. —

Einsiedel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. einsidel, einsidele (also even einsidelœre), m., OHG. einsidilo (einsidillo, Goth. *ainsiþlja), ‘hermit;’ an imitation of Gr. ἀναχωρητής, Lat. anachoreta, basing it on OHG. sëdal, ‘seat.’ See siedeln.

ein, adv., ‘in, into,’ from MidHG. and OHG. în, adv., ‘in, into,’ beside which MidHG. and OHG. in with the same meaning. The long form was derived from the short, as is proved by the connection with the cognates of in, which see.

einst, adv., from the equiv. MidHG. einst, einest, OHG. einêst, adv., ‘once, at one time’; an obscure deriv. of ein; in AS. œ̂nes, E. once, to which OHG. eines, MidHG. eines, ‘once, at one time,’ also correspond. Comp. OHG. anderes, anderêst, MidHG. anderes, anderst, ‘otherwise,’ as similar formations.

Eintracht, f., ‘concord, harmony, agreement,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. eintraht, f., which, however, belongs, as a MidG. word, to treffen; hence MidG. cht for ft. OHG. preserves the correct form eintraft, ‘simple.’ Comp. Zwietracht.

einzeln, adj. and adv. (in Suab. and Bav. einzächt), ‘single(ly), sole(ly), individual(ly),’ from the equiv. MidHG. einzel, a modification of the older and more frequent einlütze, OHG. einluzzi, ‘single, alone’; comp. Thur., and Sax. eelitzg (êlizχ), ‘unmarried,’ from MidHG. einlützec (OHG. einluzzo), ‘unmarried.’ The second component belongs to ModHG. Loos (OHG. hlioȥȥan); OHG. ein-luzzi, ‘one whose lot stands alone.’ Comp. also OIc. eínhlítr, ‘single’?

einzig, adj., ‘only, sole, unique,’ from MidHG. einzec, ‘single,’ a developed form of OHG. einazzi (adv., einazzêm), the zz of which is deriv., as in emsig (comp. Gr. κρυπτάδιος with a cognate suffix).

Eis, n., ‘ice,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. îs, n.; a word common to Teut.; comp. Du. ijs, AS. îs, E. ice, OIc. íss, ‘ice’ (Goth. *eisa is by chance not recorded). Outside the Teut. group no term identical with this can be found. It is still undecided whether it is cognate with Eisen (root ī̆s ‘to shine’?) or with Zend isi (‘ice’?).

Eisbein, n., a North Ger. word, from the equiv. LG. îsbên, MidLG. îsbên, ‘hip-bone’; comp. Du. ijsbeen, ischbeen, ‘the socket of the hip-bone,’ AS. îsbân, m. The first part of the compound seems to contain a subst. îsa-, ‘gait, walking,’ which Sans. ẽša, m., ‘hastening on,’ resembles.

Eisen, n., ‘iron, weapon, sword, fetters,’ from MidHG. and MidLG. îsen (îsern), OHG. îsan, îsarn, n., ‘iron’; corresponds to Du. ijzer, AS. îsern, îren, E. iron, OIc. ísarn, Goth. eisarn, ‘iron.’ Its relation to Eis is still undecided; it is most closely connected with OIr. íarn, ‘iron’ (for *ísarno-), whence OIc. jarn (Dan. jern) is borrowed. It is less certain that OHG. êr, Goth. aiz, Lat. aes, ‘bronze,’ are allied to it. The deriv. r of the earlier forms is retained by ModHG. eisern, which is based on MidHG. îserîn, îsernîn, OHG. îsarnîn, adj., ‘of iron.’

eitel, adj., ‘vain, idle, useless, void,’ from MidHG. îtel, adj., ‘empty, vacant, vain, useless, fruitless, pure, unadulterated,’ OHG. îtal, ‘empty, vacant, vain, boastful’; corresponding to OSax. îdal, ‘empty, invalid,’ Du. ijdel, AS. îdel, ‘empty, useless, worthless,’ E. idle. The orig. meaning of the adj. was probably ‘empty’; but if we accept ‘shining’ as the primary sense, it follows that the word is connected with Gr. αἴθω, Sans. root idh, ‘to flame.’

Eiter, n., ‘pus, matter, suppuration,’ from MidHG. eiter, OHG. eitar (eittar), n., ‘poison’ (especially animal poison); Goth. *aitra- is wanting; an old tr remains unchanged in HG. (see treu, zittern). Comp. MidLG. and Du. etter, AS. âttor, attor, E. atter (‘pus, poison’), OIc. eitr, n. Also a variant without the suffix r (Goth. *aita-); comp. OHG. and MidHG. eiȥ (Alem. eisse, Bav. aiss), m., ‘abscess, ulcer,’ with a normal permutation of t to ȥȥ. The Teut. root ait, ‘poisonous ulcer,’ has been rightly connected with the Gr. οἶδος, n., οἶδμα, n., ‘swelling,’ οἰδάω, ‘to swell’; hence the root is Aryan oid.

Ekel, m., ‘nausea, disgust, aversion,’ a ModHG. word, which has obtained a wide circulation through Luther (he used the form Eckel; unknown in the contemporaneous UpG. writings). A MidG. word with obscure cognates; it is perhaps connected with AS. âcol, ‘burdensome, troublesome’ (base aiklo-), and probably also to LG. extern, ‘to vex’ (Du. akelig, ‘terrible,’ E. ‘ache’?). The h in UpG. heifel (Swiss, heikχel) may be excrescent, as in heischen. These cognates