äᶁbə‘rt), [atburðr], odbord, etc. käƫiklūr and käitaklūr [*kattaklór], kattaklur. päƫəl- and päitəl-tree [from *patla], patl-tree, pattel-tree. väƫi- and väitabând (also: veiti-) [*vattaband], vattaband.
æ > ä in twäƫəld, twäitəld [from a verb: *þvætla], see § 36.
17. In the same position orig. “e” changes rather frequently to ä. It has been preserved as ɛ (e) in e.g.: at·avɛ‘ᶅ·ta [*aptrvelta], attavelta, etc. hɛᶅək [hella], hellek, hella2. hɛᶅər [hellir], heller. veᶅən, vɛᶅən = vellin1 (villin). — Alternation between e (ɛ) and ä takes place in words, such as: breᶇək (brɛᶇək) and bräᶇək [Fær. brenning], brennek1. breᶇər (brɛᶇər) and bräᶇər [*brennir], brenner. smeᶅər (smɛᶅər) and smäᶅər [*smellari], smellek, smeller. sweitək, swäƫək and swäitək [*skvettingr], swettek, swäittek. ä is always found in words as: to dwäᶅ [dvelja], dwälj. skäᶅ [O.N. skellr], skell. to räᶇd [renna], räind. *väᶇd(i) [vent þik or pér], väind.
18. Original “i” (and “í”) is treated in the same way as “e”: ä‘ᶅᶊkət ["ilskóttr, O.N. *ílskóttr], ilsket, 2. bä‘ᶇtər = bjɩ‘ntər: binder. häᶇd [O.N. hinna], häind. to peɩ‘ᶅk and pä‘ᶅk = pilk. ᶊopä‘ᶅti [sjópiltr], sjupilti. sȯmərə läƫla and läitla [lítla] (see under litel, adj.). stä‘ᶅk [stilkr], stilk. stɩᶅərs- (steᶅərs) and stäᶅərs-dyke [stillis-], stillers-dike. On the other hand, ɩ, e are always found in tɩᶅi, teᶅi [þilja], tilji, tilli.
19. Original “á” before a palatalized consonant (mostly ᶅ, ᶇ) changes to ɔ or ȯ (ɔ̇), while “o (ó), u, ú, y, ý, æ and ǫ”, in the same position, regularly become ȯ (ɔ̇). ɔit, ȯit (ɔ̇it) mostly replace final ɔƫ, ȯƫ (ɔ̇t); ȯin occas. replaces ȯᶇ. Examples:
gɔit, gȯit (gɔ̇it, gȯƫi) [gátt]. ū·mɔƫ· or ū·mɔit· [úmáttr], umott. umɔƫ·a, omɔƫ·a = umotta, is derived from the latter. *gȯit [gótt or gɔtt], *gott and *goit. hȯᶅi = holli. hȯ‘ᶅk (hɔ̇‘ᶅk) [No. holk], holk2. hȯᶇ- (hɔ̇ᶇ-) [horn] in honngel. *kȯᶇ·mæ‘r·ki (kɔ̇ᶇ-) *konnmerki. For the change ðk > rk cf. No. mark, maggot, worm. to skȯit (skɔ̇it), skott. ȯᶅa (ɔ̇ᶅa)-pluck [ullar-], olla-pluck. rȯ‘ᶅk [No. rulk]. stȯ‘ᶅka [stulka]. mȯᶇd [mund]. ȯᶇdali [undarligr]. -sȯᶇd [sund] in place-names: Hul·sȯᶇd· [*hólmsund], hulmsund. stȯᶇdi = stond (stoind)2, etc. gȯᶅdət = goldet. *blohȯᶇ·in (-ən, -hȯᶇ·din) = *blohonnin. hȯᶇin, hȯᶇən [*hyrningr], honnin. *dȯᶇa [dyrnar], *dønna, *dønni. mȯᶅgət [Icel. myglaðr]. sȯƫᶊkins [systkin]. *ūtȯƫləkt, *ūtȯitləkt (-ləχt) [úþýðlig-t], *utoitleg, -t. grȯ‘ᶇᶊka [grœnska]. dȯl·hɔit·, -hɔ̇it· [dylhǫttr (or -hattr), dolhoit. ȯᶇd (ɔ̇ᶇd) [ǫnd], ond1. trȯᶅ [trǫll], troll.
ȯin for ȯᶇ in e.g.: tan·grȯi·nin [*tanngrunnungr], tanngroinin. to drȯin [drynja], dronj, droin.
eɩ and ä for orig. “y” have found their way in beɩ‘ᶅk and bä‘ᶅki [*bylki], mutated form of bu‘lk. On the other hand, ø in rø‘ᶅki [*rylki] (= rȯ‘ᶅki) is a mutated form of rȯ‘ᶅk, and in *ø̄ᶇd, *øind [O.N. hyrni] (but: hȯᶇək = O.N. horn).
Note. After ᶅ and ᶇ (nj) regularly appear: a) o, u for ø or ȯ; b) ō, ū for ø̄; e.g.: to fᶅōg [fløygja], flog3, fljog. ᶅōg [lǫgr], log,
ljog1. ᶅōg [lœkr], log, ljog3. On the other hand: Løgəna, IV, § 20. ᶅū [hljóð], lju1; cf. lø̄(d). ᶅū [Icel. hlýr], lø1, adj. ᶅūd [ljótr],
