ljud. ᶅūm(i) [ljómi][1], ljumi, ljum. njogəl, ᶇogəl [nykr], njuggel (njugl). sᶇukər (sᶇokər), sᶇuger (sᶇoger) [snykr], snjuger, snjuker.
III. Diphthongs.
The old diphthongs (ei, au [ǫu], øy) in Shetlandic have become monophthongs.
20. O.N. ei — Shetl. a) ē (ɛ̄, ǣ), occas. prefixed by j (jē, etc.); b) e, ɛ, and prefixed by j: jɛ. Examples:
a) blēg (but Blegəna, IV, § 20). ēd [eið], *ed (esp. in place-names). ēs [eisa], es, sb. fjēdin [*feitingr]. grē(d) [greiði], gred and gre. jɛ̄, jǣ [eið]. kēb [keipr]. mēᶊi [meiss]. skrē [skreið], skre1. vēdək, vjēdək [veit(a)], vedek2. b) etər and jɛdər [eitr]. fɛdməl [feitr]. hɛᶅa- (hɛlahwa‘rf)[errata 1] [heillar-], *hellahwarf. to hɛ‘nt, hæ‘nt [heimta], hent1. jɛma [eimr]. lɛra [O.N. leira]. rɛdᶊkab [reiðskapr].
ben in compds., such as: benibitər, is O.N. bein. Furthermore Shetl. en, ben, sten, assimilate to Scottish ane [one], bane [bone], stane [stone].
21. O.N. au (ǫu) — Shetl. a) ō, mostly with prefixed j: jō, and ø̄; b) o, ɔ, ȯ, u, ø. r is usually followed by ø̄ or ø. Examples:
a) bjōg [baugr], bjog1. to gjōl [gaula]; on the other hand: to gȯᶅ·brø̄l·. *hjōg [haugr], hjog1. hø̄g in a compd. (place-name), see IV, § 20, the end; short vowel-sound in hjok·fəᶇ·i (hjɔk-) [*haugfunnin], hjogfinni. *jōga [auga], *joga and *jog2. *jōra and ōrna- [øyra], *jora and joraskap, -skep. a tōm [taumr]. brø̄d [braut]. skø̄vi [skauf], skøvi1. stø̄ri [staurr]. — ø̄ and ō alternate in the place-name Sø̄bel and Sōbel: see bøl, sb. b) a gjɔpm (gɔpm)[2]2 [gaupn], gopn, etc. *grøtᶊta [*grautstaðr]. klȯstər, kløstər, klostər (klustər) [klaustr]. -lop (-lup) (vandilop, -lup) [hlaup], lop and lup, vandlup. Iopi, lupi [laupr], lopi1, lupi.
Long and short vowel alternate in e.g.: nø̄d and not, nut [naut], nød, not1, nut. *rø̄ and *rød [rauðr]. rø̄n(i) and røni [hraun].
In a few cases the sound ɔu is found preserved (owing to Scottish influence), e.g.: to ɔus [ausa], ous. ɔus·kær·i [aus(t)ker], oustkerri. op·lɔu·sin = upp-lousin’.
22. O.N. øy — Shetl. ø̄ (rarely ē). Examples:
klø̄vin [*kløyfingr]. a lø̄bin [*hløypingr]. rø̄dastab [*royðarstabbi]. to strø̄ [strøyja]. sø̄da [*søyða]. an *ø̄r, old measure of land, ⅛ of a ma‘rk, mæ‘rk [mǫrk], mark2; O.N. øyrir. Change of ø̄ (orig. øy) to ē has taken place, e.g.: ēr (occas. ø̄r) [oyrr][errata 2], er3.
Short vowel (ȯ) in rȯdərastȯb [*røyðrarstabbi or -stubbi].
23. The combinations já, jó, and jú in O.N. commonly change to ø̄ (ø) in Shetl. Examples:
*drø̄g [drjúgr]. *førə [fjórir] (Fragments of Norn, riddles), to klø̄ [O.N. at kljá]. lø̄(d) (lød) [hljóð]. to rø̄d [hrjóta], rød1.
In Foula an older “ljó” is partly preserved as ljū and (with sec-
