d) pt (bd) for ft is found, eg.: *apta, furthermore abbreviated to *ap, *åp or *ɔp (Fo.) = aptann, e.g.: jøl ap(ta), etc. skɛptin and skɛbdək [*skeptingr]. Cf. ps in *vɛps [O.N. vepts, vepz, gen. of veptr], *vept. In place-names Tȯpti- (Təpti-), Tȯptəns (Təptəns) alternate with Taft [O.N. þopt].
e) Transposition of consonants. vl [O.N. fl] and lv: a kɛvəl [O.N. kefli]; on the other hand, kɛlvək, kɛlva ɔlək. skalvə [skafl], skalv2, etc. gl > ᶅg: mȯᶅgət [Icel. myglaðr]. — lm and ml alternate, e.g.: to skul(ə)m, skol(ə)m, and (with inserted b) to skumbəl, skuml (skumbel)1. — dr and rd: to slȯdər and to slȯrd [Icel. slytra], slodder1.
f) Inserted b between m and l appears, e.g.: *gambli, *gam(b)la = *gammel, (see Fragments of Norn, song, verse). hȯm(b)libands. — *hɩmblɩns, see Fragments of Norn (Our Lord’s Prayer). Cf. prec. to skumbəl.
g) s is dropped in the comb. ksl (xl), e.g.: bjɔkəl [bœxl], bjokl, bjokkel1. jakəl [jaxl], jakkel1, jakl. jɔkəl [ǫxl].
h) In a few words r has changed to l and conversely (esp. where another r or l comes before or after in the word): ai·trahō·la [aðravára]. buliŋ = būrək. dolibrod = dorifəl. To these may prob. be added: dȯlatree. gjōla, kjōlək, kjø̄lək and kjø̄rək [No. kjore, kjøra]. kȯrl [kyrr], under korr1. mɩs·fø̄rd· and mɩs·fø̄ld· [misfór(sk)]. njogəl, ᶇogəl [nykr]. ȯrdəl- [prob. hurðar-]. fjȯrd [fjöld(i)], fjord2, nɔralɛg [*nálarleggr]. swāl or swār [No. sval], swal2, swar1.
i) Assimilation, 1) of nd to ᶇ in e.g.: *hȯᶇən (hund-inn); *häᶇaless = *hä‘ᶇta(r)less [*handa(r)lauss] (see Fragments of Norn, riddles); 2) of ld to ᶅ, e.g.: mɩlənasto‘mp (-stick) [*myldingarstumpr], mildinstump, etc.
j) suffixed d (after ᶇ) in e.g.: to räᶇd [renna], räind. to säᶇd [sanna], sand; furthermore in blohȯᶇ·din = blohȯᶇ·in; to drȯᶇd = to drȯin [drynja], dronj, droin.
39. Palatalization. Insertion of j.
ll (rl) commonly changes to ᶅ, nn and rn to ᶇ. Several examples of this change have been mentioned in preceding sections; see §§ 16—20, regarding vowel-changes before palatalized consonants. Softening of l, n and t, tt (d, dd) before another consonant has been exemplified in the same paragraphs. In a few cases ll, rl, nn, rn have remained unsoftened, e.g.: to ban(n) [banna]. hō·kɩl(l)·in [hákerling]. hȯni-, həni- [horn, hyrni], hinnispott. *mana [manna] (see Fragments of Norn, adages), span [spann], spann1. In a few words palatalized and unpalatalized forms alternate, e.g.: brɛna and breᶇa [brenna]. mȯn- and mȯᶇ- [munn-], *monn. Melən Fjɛla and Meᶅən Fjɛᶅa (place-name in Yh.) = millum fjalla.
In a number of words ᶅ, ᶇ alternate with l, n, corresponding to original l and n, e.g.: alma‘rk and äᶅma‘rk. andər and äᶇdər. baldin, bäᶅdin. blēg, bᶅēg. hāᶅin = hālin. hȯlgin, hȯᶅgin. lēga, ᶅēga. nād, ᶇād = nad2, njad2.
Initially, nja = ᶇa appears for orig. “na”; njād (see prec.). njafin (-fək). njatəri = njatr, njatter1. njogəl = njuggel.
Inserted j frequently appears after initial consonants. Examples:
