of Norn, and *hwid, adj.) “tt” [hvítt] has been dropped. Cf. dropped n in: to *bri̇̄ [brýna], and dropped k in tāhɛᶅək [*þakhella], and krā- for krāga- [kraka from kraki] in “krā-taes”.
Initial tj changes to ᶊ, e.g.: ᶊaldər [tjaldr], sjalder. ᶊȯn, etc. [tjǫrn], sjonn. To these may prob. be added: uᶊū·na [No. utjona], usjuna. Cf. verse 25 in the Foula ballad: “chaldona” [tjaldinu]. tᶊ from tj, when final, in e.g.: to vitᶊ [vitja], vitj.
36. þ changes partly to t, partly to d. Examples:
a) tari- [þari], *tari1. tə‘lfər, tʌ‘lfər [*þil(ju)far]. tɩᶅi, teᶅi [þilja], *tilji, *tilli. (un-)ti̇̄li [(ú-)þýðligr] utili. togəmø̄ [þoku-], togemø, tuggemø1. to‘rkəsȯt [*þurkasótt]. *trō [þráðr], *tro1 (see Fragments of Norn, song, verse), trūən [þró]. — b) dōm [Icel. þám]. dɔ̇d [þot], but brɩm·tɔ̇d·. up·-drȯit· (-droƫ·) [upp þrøyttr]. dū, du [þú]. dwa‘rs [þvers]. to dwetəl, dwətəl [*þvætla from O.N. þvætta]; on the other hand: twäƫəld, twäitəld [*þvætlaðr]. Cf. verse 4 in the Foula ballad: “dar” [þar], v. 31: “do” [þá][1]).
þj like tj changes to ᶊ, e.g.: ᶊok(k)a [þjukkr], see IV, § 20, and sjukk, adj. (under sjukkolo, sb.).
37. Initial v, in most cases, has been preserved: vagəl [vagl], vagl1, vaggel. van-, vats- [from vatn] in e.g.: vandlup [*vatnhlaup]; vats·gar = vatsgar2, but Watli [*vatnhlíð] in the place-name: de loch o’ W. (U.). vāra [No. and Da. vare]. vɛgwȯl, vɛgəl [*veggvǫlr]. to vɩƫᶊ [vitja], vitj. vōr [vár]. — In a few words w has replaced initial v: wadməl [vaðmál]. wələ‘nt, wȯlə‘nt [vélindi], wällend, etc. wɩdi [viðja]. wæ‘lᶊi [vǫlsi], welsi.
38. The following changes may also be mentioned:
a) A few examples are found of a change kk > g (γ), pp > b, tt > d: baga- (baγa-), bagi- [bakka-]. 1) bagrəf, baγagrȯf, more rarely: bakagrȯf. 2) bagiskjo‘mp. 3) bakalɩst. nægistɩk (næγi-) [*hnakkastykki], neggistikk. Cf. bloga (bloγa) = blɔka [*blaðka]. nogs and nogins [from *hnokkr], nogg2, and noggin, etc. skɛbək, skæbək [skeppa], skepp. snæbək, snabək = snɛp(i), snæp(i) [*hneppi]. kɩbək [kippa]. mɩnōd· (-nū·əd) [miðnátt]. tȯd, tȯdək [tuttr).
b) Shetlandic mn, as in Norwegian, corresponds to O.N. fn, e.g.: stȯmna, stəmna [stofn], stomna1, stimna1. In place-names: Hamnavō (Y.) = *Hafnarvágr. de Ramnastaks (Fedeland in N.Roe) = *Hrafnastakkarnir. When not followed by a vowel, n is dropped in this combination, e.g.: Ham (Br.) for: *Hamn. stamərən (for: stamrən) [*stafn-rǫng], stamron.
c) ŋ(k)s for ms is found, e.g.: fjɔ‘ŋs, fjo‘ŋsət, and occas. in: ho‘ŋ(k)s = ho‘ms: homs2 = hums2, etc. ro‘ŋ(k)s = ro‘ms: rums1.
- ↑ unvoiced “th” in Eng. words, when initial, has become “t” in Shetl., in e.g.: to tank, tief, ting (“i” is here pronounced: ə, ʌ), to tink (“i” pronounced: ʌ), tred (thread), and freq., when final, after a consonant, e.g.: lent (lenght), strent (strenght); healt; eart, fourt, nort. th has however been preserved as a þ-sound, when final, after a vowel, e.g.: oath, mooth (mouth), sooth (south), tooth, truth. Voiced “th” in Eng. word has comm. become “d” in Shetl., e.g.: dat, de, dem, deir, dere, dis, bridder (brither = brother), faider (father), to gader, idder (ither = other), midder (mither = mother), neder (neither), rader; blide.
