Shetl. hw and kw correspond to an older initial “kv”; see further § 42.
k usually changes to g, when final, or between two vowels, e.g.: bâgi [bak]. to blāg [blaka]. brogi [No. brokutt]. fog, fɔg, fjȯg [fok (fjúk)], fjog2 or fjug. to klāg [klaka]. kragək [kraki]. krūg [krókr], krug1. ᶅōg [lœkr], log, ljog3. njogəl [nykr], njuggel. to ōg [aka], to râg and rēg [reka], rag2, and reg. stjāgi [stjaki]. sø̄ga and sø̄gi [Icel. sýki]. -tag and -tjɔg (ᶇâfatag, nevatjɔg) [tak]. — k has been dropped in tāhɛᶅək [*þakhella]. Alternation between g and k takes place in words, such as: blɔka, bloga [*blaðka], blokk, blokka. fjȯk, cf. prec. fog, fjȯg. ogə(r)- and ɔkrə- [akr]. sᶇukər and sᶇugər [snykr], snjuger, -ker. stuki and stjūgi (stȯgi) [stúka]. On the other hand, k is always applied in: kikən [*kykandi]. lik [lík]. puki, -a [púki, *púka], puki1. to rēk [reika], rek1 (and ræk). rok [rok], ruk1. (ga’-) ᶊøk [sjúkr] = ga’ [gall]-sick. vɔkər [Fær. vakur].
g occas. replaces original k when initial: gjōla [prob. No. kjore]. gōgi(s) = kōgi(s) = kogi2. grȯg = krȯg, krugi = grogg2. To this rule prob. belongs ꬶega pʌ‘ltək = ᶄega p.
34. p usually becomes b, when final, or between two vowels, e.g.: dᶎūb [djúp], djub. flab [flapr]. glâb [No. glap]. glȯb [*glop]. glø̄b [*gløypr], gløb1, gløbi. hūb [hóp]. kjōb [kaup]. to kjōb [kaupa]. lø̄bin [*hløypingr]. rab, rāb [*hrap], rab1. sȯba [saup], strȯba [stropi]. ūb and ø̄b [óp]. to ūb (ø̄b) [œpa].
p and b alternate in a few words: etərskab and etərskop [*eitrskapr]. With b: rɛdᶊkab [reiðskapr]. a spjēskāb [*spéskapr]; on the other hand: lândsᶄɛp [*landskapr]. Further: kupi and kȯbi [kúpa]. læpək and læbək, lopək and lobək = lupi2, lupek. skupək and skȯbək.
p is always found in: gāpȯs [gapuxi]. grɔp [*grop]. lopi, lupi [laupr], lopi1, lupi1 (-ləp in tøþələp = tudelep). van(di)lop, -lup [*vatnhlaup].
35. t usually changes to d, when final, or between two vowels, e.g.: bɩdi [biti]. -brɔd [brot], brod1. de flāda [hin flata]. gad [gat], gad2. ᶅūd [ljótr], ljud. mādər [matr], *mader, (see Fragments of Norn, conversation). mūd (mōd) [mót], mud2, to rø̄d [hrjóta], rød1. slȯd [slot]. -sōd [sát], sōdi, sōdək [sáta], sodi2, sodek. sōdi, sɔdi [sæti], sodi1. v(j)ēdək [veita], vedek2. — Alternation between t and d is found, e.g.: *ɛndə and *a‘ntə [ennþá], *ante, see Fragments of Norn, song, verse. etər and jɛdər [eitr]. fȯdək and vatək [fata] = fedek (fiddek), etc. fudin and futən. -grøt and -grūd [grjót], grøt1. grø̄tək and grødək [grýta] = grøta, etc. nø̄d and not, nut [naut]. *sødə (see Fragments of Norn, song, verse), but søt(a) [sœtr].
t is always found in e.g.: to frɛt [freta]. to hatər [hatra], hater2. klut [klútr]. to mjat = mat. ski̇̄tək [*skítingr].
d for t, when initial, is found in drȯᶅ·ᶊlâ·gət = trȯᶅ·ᶊlâ·gət. da‘mp [Da. (L.Germ.) tamp].
final t is sometimes dropped, e.g.: (spɩrvi-)grū [grjót] = *grud. to lag·stø̄· = lag·stø̄t· [*lagstøyta]. To these may prob. be added ni̇̄ and nø̄ = ni, and nø2. *ȯrdətū = *ōrdədȯit. In hwi̇̄ (see Fragments
