gj is preserved in e.g.: gjō [gjá]. On the other hand, gj is commonly changed to dᶎ; in e.g.: dᶎȯlgər, dᶎölgər = gjolg (gjölg), etc.
g occas. changes to k, esp. in the comb. lg, ng. Examples: hȯ‘ᶅkin (hɔ̇‘ᶅkin). to hȯ‘lk = holk1. tᶎö‘lk = dᶎȯlgər, dᶎölgər, see prec. ha‘ŋklin = hanklin; on the other hand haŋglin = hanglin. stɛ‘ŋkəls = stɛ‘ŋglins: stenglin. — rg > rk in e.g.: mæ‘rki [mergr], mergi1. — gn > kn in e.g.: fᶅoknər [prob. *flognir]. op(a)brak = uppbrak, uppabrak. — g > k, when initial (rarely): to kȯrhərd· = to gȯrhərd·.
32. Initial h is occas. dropped before a vowel, as well as before j and w. Examples:
(h)a‘l·tagɔŋ·gi [halt gǫngu], *haltagonga, -gi. hjɩgəl (hjogəl) and jɩgəl, jɩgəlti [hégeitill]. hjɔ‘nsa and jɔ‘nsi [hœns]. horəm and ū·rām· [hárhamr]. hōrin and wōrin, jōrin, ūriən [*háringr]. hwȯ‘ls- and wȯ‘lsbane [*hálsbein]. to og(g) [hugga], ogg1. ȯrdəltree [*hurðartré]. Cf. in the Foula ballad: “elde” [heldr], “e(i)dnar” [hennar], “yilsa” [heilsa], “yom” [heim].
On the other hand, h is prefixed to a few words, e.g.: to häᶇ·vâg· [*andvaka], hanvag. hɩldin = ɩldin [eldinn]. hȯrdək, hȯrdin [urð(in)]. Among these should prob. be reckoned hōl pʌ‘ltək = hol1. Alternation occurs in ofsa- and hofsahɛᶅək [*upsarhella].
hj has been changed to ᶊ, e.g.: ᶊarəl [*hjarl], sjarl, sjarrel. ᶊålmət [hjálmóttr], sjolmet. ᶊēla from *hjēla [héla], sjela. On the other hand with dropped h: ja‘rta [hjarta].
h has been dropped in the comb, hl (hlíð > li̇̄, etc.), and mostly in hr (hraun > røni, etc.), and occas. in hn (hnísa > nisək). nogins = knɔkins: noggin, etc., †knokk2, etc.; nogs [from *hnokkr], nogg2, nugg. — r and kr alternate in rām and kramək [hrammr]. In some cases kn, in others sn, corresponds to orig. hn (kn), e.g.: to knɛp, knæp (occas.: snɛp, snæp) [hneppa, kneppa]. knɔkins, see prec. — snap [*hnappr], snapp1. to snɩg [hneggja], snegg, snigg. snɩgin, snɩgom and negi [*hneggingr], sneggin, sniggin. sni̇̄vələk [knýfill], snivel and snivlek. snɩvəri, snɩvəripin = snivri. snjūg, snjūgi [knjúkr], snjug1, snjugi. snȯt(i), snət(i) [hnǫttr, knǫttr], snott and snotti. snokəl = snukkel.
Shetl. hw, kw (rarely sw) correspond to an older “hv”; see further § 42, regarding dialectal differences of pronunciation.
33. k is preserved or alternates with ᶄ (the latter esp. comm. in N.I.) before e, ē, ɛ, ɩ, i, as well as before ø (ȯ) ø̄, the latter arising from “y, ý”: kēb (ᶄēb) [keipr]. kɛgər, ᶄɛgər [*keikr], keger1. kɛpər, ᶄɛpər [keppr]. keᶊi, kɛᶊi [*kessa], (in the latter word k is always applied, owing to the following softened s). kin·pus·əs, but kɩl·posks· [kinnpústr]. kɩpək (kepək) and ᶄɩpək (ᶄepək) [kippi]. to ᶄø‘rk (ᶄȯ‘rk) [kyrkja]. ᶄø̄r(ə)n [kýrnar], *kørn. sᶄɛga [skeki]. skæ‘rpin, sᶄɛ‘rpin [*skerpingr]. to skɩ‘mp (sᶄɩ‘mp). to skø̄l, sᶄø̄l [skýla]. k-sound is preserved before ə (from “i, y”), e.g.: kə‘r·kasuk·ni [*kirkjusókn].
Initial kj is preserved, e.g.: kjɔ‘lk [kjálki]. kjōlək, kjø̄rək [No. kjore, kjø̄ra]. skjō [No. skjaa]. *skjɔldra [*skjaldra]. — kj > ᶄ in kjōb, ᶄōb [kaup]. sᶄ in sᶄūl (sᶄōl) [skjól], skjul.
