The pronunciation [ȯ] of o in *fjorahwarf and partly also in fjoraskit, compds. with fjora, indicates that it is the mutated form fjǫru. In the same manner skodda [skȯda] with [ȯ] is doubtless a mutated form from O.N. skadda, f., like No. skodda, Fær. sködda.
fladrek and flodrek, limpets, patella: *flaðra. [flōd(ə)rək] may be developed from [flād(ə)rək], without being due to u-mutation. [flȯd··rək·], on the other hand, is rather a mutated form *flǫðra from flǫðru, [ȯ] not being regularly developed from a.
homliband [hȯmlɩ- (hɔmli-)] and humliband [homlɩ-], humla [homla-] and hombli [hȯmblɩ-], oar-grummet, presupposes the mutated form hǫmlu- from hamla, f.
There is no mutation in *ovaga, sb., from an original *aurvaka, f., Fær. eyrvøka. On the other hand, o is found for a in the place-name Voga [vɔga], de hole o’ V. (Hubi, Fe.), a piece of moist, muddy soil: originally doubtless *vaka, f.
Without u-mutation: raga, sb., woman.
ring [riŋ, reŋ], knee-timber in the stem of a boat, goes back to the mutated form “rǫng” [from *rangu] in O.N., because short i and short u (o) often alternate in Shetlandic.
In a similar sense, sting [stɩŋ, steŋ], mast (tabu-word, sea-term) has arisen from O.N. stǫng [orig. *stangu], f., bar; pole. An older form, stong is, however, found in Shetl (N.I.). The form steng [stɛŋ], in which ɛ may have arisen either from i or a, is under doubt.
spong [spɔŋ]: O.N. spǫng. Place-name: Sping [spɩŋ].
sponget [spɔŋət, spåŋət, spȯŋət]: *spǫngóttr.
stonga, thick gruel or porridge: *stanga, f.
kwag, hwag [ā], sb., a cake, flour-dumpling, prob. stands for *kwog, *hwog [*ō] with diphthongization from an older *kog [*kōg]: O.N. kaka, No. kaka and koka, Fær. køka. kwag cannot be directly developed from a *kag. Whether any u-mutation appears in the Shetlandic word cannot be proved by the vowel-sound.
The u-mutation can be exactly proved in *gøda [gøda, ꬶøda], sb., way, path, as ø here can only be developed from ǫ in “gǫtu”, nom.: gata. Besides *gøda, the form *goda [gȯda, ꬶȯda], and (rarely) *gota [ꬶȯta], is found, and prob. on account of the [ȯ]-sound, must be accepted as a mutated form. “goda, gøda”, now only a place-name, is remembered as a common noun, esp. in Fe. gødins [gødɩns], in “de Midgødins” (Y.), is def. pl. form: O.N. gǫturnar, with a later added Eng. pl. s.
As a veritable place-name, name of a farm, Got [gɔt, gōt] is found: orig. *í gǫtu. See under *goda, sb., in the Dictionary. Corresponding to the Shetl. forms are No. gota and Fær. gøta (as a place-name in Færoe: í Gøtu).
Skøderump [sᶄød··əro‘mp·], name of a flat skerry (N.Roe), is an orig. *skǫtu-rumpa, tail of a ray, from O.N. skata, f., ray. Cf. “de Skate o’ Islesburgh” (Nmw.) as the name of a flat skerry. Skøde-, as the ø-sound shows, is the mutated form.
Noss [nås], name of a small, elevated isle in the list of names
