| Mosi | nara or naraba, if. |
| Tatoye | nisiro or sitemo, though. |
| Nazenareba | kara, because. |
XI. When the verbs in the infinitive mood are used as nouns, they require the signs of the case; as, Niti ya watakusi no suwatte-iru koto ga yamai no moto de gozarimasu, My sitting day and night is the cause of my illness.
XII. Relative pronouns are generally omitted in conversation; as, Sore wa, watakusi ga kosirayemasita hako de gozarimasu, or Watakusi ga kosirayemasita hako wa sore de gozarimasu, That is a box which I have made. Here the relative pronoun tokorono (‘which’ or ‘that’) ought to be put between the verb kosiraye-masita and the object hako; but in conversation tokorono is not used.
XIII. Adverbs are placed before adjectives and verbs; as, Sore wa hanahada yō gozarimasu, That is very good; and Watakusi wa hayaku mairimasho, I shall go quickly.
XIV. When nouns or pronouns are compared with each other, a noun or pronoun which comes directly before the word yori or yorimo (‘than’) does not require the sign of case; as, Anata wa watakusi yori tokō gozarimasu, You are taller than I.
XV. After the names of places, ye corresponds in English to ‘to’; as, Watakusi wa Yedo ye ikimasu, I
