163. Among the substantival formatves the prefix ha- the infix -an- and the suffix -an can be shown to be Common IN. The formative ka- forms abstract nouns, -an- mostly indicates concrete things, -an denotes place.
164. The substantival fortnative ka-. Philippines, Magindanao: kaputi, "whiteness", word-base puti — Celebes, Tontb.: kawělar, " breadth " — Borneo, Day.: kagogop, " care, sorrow", word-base gogop, "worried, troubled" — Java, Sund.: kañaho, "knowledge" — Sumatra, Toba: halinu, "image produced by reflection in a mirror or in water", word-base in Old Bug., viz. lino, " to mirror oneself " — Madagascar, Hova: hatsara, "goodness".
165. The substantival formative -an-. Philippines, Bis.: tanoptop, "sound from afar", from the widely distributed root tup, which denotes various kinds of noises — Celebes, Bug.: kanuhu, "talon", beside Common IN kuku — Near Java, Mad.: sanolap, "jugglery", word-base in Jav., viz. sulap, " to juggle " — Sumatra, Toba: hanapa, " involucre ", word-base in Kawi Jav., viz. kapa, " covering " — Northern Border, Form.: kaloṅkoṅ, "talon", word-base in Iloko, viz. koṅkoṅ, "to scratch" — Eastern Border, Kamberese: tanai, "intestines", beside Common IN tai, "dung" — South-western Border, Mentaway: tanai, " dung ".
Note. — Form. l for n in kaloṅkoṅ in accordance with the parallel alak, " child ", beside Common IN anak.
166. The substantival formative -an. Phihppines, Magindanao: niugan, " coconut grove ", word-base niug, "coconut palm" — Celebes, Bug.: labuwaṅ, "anchorage" — Borneo, Day.: kayuan, "forest" - — Java, Sund.: tanjakan, "rising ground" — Sumatra, Toba: hundulan, "place to sit on" — Malay Peninsula, Mal: labuhan, "anchorage" — Madagascar, Hova: sampanana, "bifurcation", word-base sampana, " to bifurcate " — South- Western Border, Simalurese: kubaṅan, " pool where buffaloes wallow ", word-base in Mal., viz. kubaṅ, " to wallow in the mire ".
