when he took his seat as a delegate to congress, having been chosen as a Democrat. He served in the civil war as brigadier-general of volunteers from 19 Sept., 1861, till 17 July, 1802, and was in command of the North Missouri district from 15 Oct. to 1 Dec, 1861. He was again a delegate in congress in 1863-5, was elected speaker of the house of representatives of Dakota in 1867, and was governor of the territory in 1869-'71.
TODD, Thomas, jurist, b. in King and Queen
county, Va., 23 Jan., 1765 ; d. in Frankfort, Ky., 7
Feb., 1826. His father died when he was an in-
fant, and he had some difficulty in obtaining an
education. He abandoned his studies to serve in
the army in the latter part of the Revolution, and
entered the Manchester troop of cavalry during
the invasion of Virginia by Arnold and Phillips.
In 1786 he was tutor in the family of a cousin in
Danville, Ky., studying law at night. He began
the practice of his profession toward the end of the
year, took part in the agitation that had for its ob-
ject the admission of Kentucky as a state, and
was appointed clerk of all the conventions that
preceded that event. He was made clerk of the
U. S. court for the district of Kentucky, and when
it became a state in 1799 he was appointed clerk
of the court of appeals. He was made fourth
judge of the same court in 1801, and chief justice
in 1806. He was appointed an associate of the U. S.
supreme court on 7 Feb., 1826. While he was an
appellate judge of Kentucky he gave great atten-
tion to its peculiar system of land laws, originally
an act of the assembly of Virginia, and his labors,
both in the state court and the supreme court, were
instrumental in establishing them on principles of
law and equity. — His son, Charles Scott, soldier,
b. near Danville, Ky., 22 Jan., 1791 ; d. in Baton
Rouge, La., 14 May, 1871, was graduated at Will-
iam and Mary, Va., in 1809, began the study of
law under his father, and afterward attended lec-
tures at Litchfield, Conn. He opened a law-office
in Lexington in 1811, but volunteered in June,
1812, for military service. In December he be-
came division judge -advocate of the Kentucky
troops, and in this capacity was sent by Gen. Will-
iam Henry Harrison with private instructions to
Gen. James Winchester. On his return to Ken-
tucky he was recommended for a captaincy in the
regular army by Gen. Harrison, and was appointed
to a vacancy in the 17th regiment of infantry in
May. 1813. He was soon afterward transferred to
the 28th infantry, and appointed aide to Gen. Har-
rison. He was mentioned in the report of the
campaign of 1813 as one of the four aides that had
rendered Harrison "the most important services
from the opening of the campaign." He was made
deputy inspector of the 8th military district on 1
Nov., 1813, and he also acted as adjutant-general in
the summer of 1814 under Gen. Duncan McArthur,
who in his report of the expedition into Canada
attributed much of its fortunate issue " to the mili-
tary talents, activity, and intelligence of Major
Todd." He was appointed inspector-general on 2
March, 1815, with the rank of colonel, but resigned
in June, and opened a law-office in Frankfort, Ky.
He was appointed secretary of state by Gov. Madi-
son in 1817, but resigned and sat in the legislature
in 1817-'18. In 1820 he was sent on a confidential
mission to the republic of Colombia. He returned
to the United States in 1821. but resumed his du-
ties in South America in 1822, taking with him the
recognition of its independence by his government.
Declining several offices, he retired for a time to
his farm in Shelby county. He was a delegate to
the Presbyterian general assembly at Philadelphia
in 1837-'8, and for several years vice-president of
the State agricultural society. He was a friend of
Henry Clay, and sustained his claims to the presi-
dency, but on his withdrawal as a candidate in
1835 he supported Harrison : and in 1840, on the
invitations of the states of Ohio and Kentucky, he
prepared, in conjunction with Benjamin Drake, of
Cincinnati, a sketch of his civil and military career
(Cincinnati, 1840). To support Harrison's candi-
dature he soon afterward took charge of the " Cin-
cinnati Republican." His relations with Harrison,
who designed him for the mission to Vienna, were
confidential. He was sent as U. S. minister to
Russia by President Tyler, and reached St. Peters-
burg in November, 1841. He was popular with
the court and people, and was elected a member of
the Imperial agricultural society, from which for-
eigners had heretofore been carefully excluded.
TOEBBE, Augustus Mary, R. C. bishop, b. in
Meppen. Hanover, 17 Jan., 1829 ; d. in Covington,
Ky., 2 May, 1884. He was educated in the gym-
nasium of Meppen, and, after completing his col-
legiate course, was for several years engaged in
mercantile pursuits. He emigrated to the United
States in 1851, entered the theological seminary
of Mount St. Mary's, Cincinnati, in 1852, was or-
dained priest in 1854, and in the following year
became pastor successively at New Richmond and
Cumminsville, Ohio. He was appointed in 1857
assistant pastor of St. Philomena's church, Cin-
cinnati, and in 1865 pastor. In 1866 he was a
member of the council of theologians in Baltimore
to prepare matters for discussion in the second ple-
nary council. He was consecrated bishop of Cov-
ington, 9 Jan., 1870. Bishop Toebbe found the
finances of his diocese in a state of disorder, but
he showed great administrative ability, and gradu-
ally raised the debt that had been contracted dur-
ing the episcopate of his predecessor. He intro-
duced the Sisters of the Good Shepherd and the
Sisters of Notre Dame. His death was owing to an
ailment that he contracted while he was engaged in
ministerial labors among the workingmen on the
Cincinnati Southern railroad. During his episco-
pate the number of churches increased from thirty-
eight to fifty-two, and the priests from thirty-
three to fifty-five. He founded several parochial
schools, which were attended by 6,225 children at
the time of his death.
TOICT, Nicolas (twat), clergyman, b. in Lille,
France, in 1611 ; d. in Paraguay in 1680. He is
called Del Techo by Spanish writers on the latter
country. He became a Jesuit in 1630, went to
Paraguay in 1649, and, on account of his zeal and
ability, was made superior of the Jesuits in that
province. He wrote " Nicolai del Techo Societatis
Jesu Historia Provincial Paraguaria?" and " Re- latio Triplex de Rebus Indicis" (Antwerp, 1654).
TOLEDO, Antonio Sehastian de (to-lay -do), Marquis de Mancera, viceroy of Mexico. He was a grandee of Spain and chamberlain to the queen, and had been ambassador in Venice and Germany, when in 1664 he was appointed viceroy of Mexico, and took possession of the government on 15 Oct. of that year. In the following year St. Augustine, of Florida, then depending from the viceroyalty of Mexico, was sacked by buccaneers and the depredations of Sir Henrv Morgan on the Spanish colonies began, and Toledo hastened to send means to Florida for providing fortifications and to re-enforce the fleet. He sent two expeditions to California, but did not obtain any noteworthy results. In 1667 some English privateers presented themselves in front of Vera Cruz, but, finding strong fortifications, entered Alvarado river and com-
