mitted depreciations. In the same year the interior of the cathedral was finished after ninety-five years of work, and the building was consecrated a second time. Tired of the responsibilities of his office. Toledo solicited his relief after the conclusion of his usual term of office in 1670, but the measures that he had adopted during his government found such approval that the queen regent insisted in prolonging his term for three years. In this, time the final subjugation of the Tai'ahumaro Indians by the capture of the principal caciques took place. •On his way to Spain in 1673 Toledo lost his wife in Tepeaca, near Mexico.
TOLEDO, Fernando Alvarez de, Spanish
soldier and author, lived in the last half of the 16th
century and the first half of the 17th. He was a
private soldier, but by feats of daring rose to the
rank of captain in Chili. He wrote a poem called
" Puren Indomito," which, after having been lost
for more than two centuries, was discovered by
Diego Barros Arana and published by him, forming
the first series of the " Bibliotheque Americaine "
(Paris, 1862). The work deserves attention not for
its literary qualities, but for being a history of the
Spanish soldiers who conquered Chili, by one of
themselves. The author is very candid in his pic-
tures of the corruption and cruelty of his country-
men. Alfonso de Ovalle, in his " Historica Relacion
•del Reyno de Chile " (Rome, 1646), quotes the poem
.as an authority. He adds that Diego Rosales, au-
thor of a voluminous history of Chili, written
about 1650, has followed the narrative of Toledo
page by page. Gonzalez Barcia, in his " Histori-
. adores primitivos de Indias," quotes the " Puren
Indomito " in the chapter that is devoted to the
histories of Chili ; but it afterward sank into oblivi-
on until it was discovered in the library of Madrid.
TOLEDO, Francisco de, viceroy of Peru, b. in
Andalusia about 1520; d. in Seville about 1583.
He belonged to the noble family of Oropesa, and
in 1569 was appointed viceroy of Peru, taking
-charge of the government in Lima on 26 Nov. of
that year. When the grandson of Huaina-Capac,
Tupac- Amaru, who, after the death of his brother,
Sayri-Tupac, was considered by the natives as the
heir to the crown, refused to surrender, Toledo,
under the pretext of forwarding re-enforcements
to Chili, sent in 1572 an expedition of 250 men into
the mountains of Vilcabamba, where the young
inca was in hiding with some followers. Martin
-de Loyola, with a small force, surprised the prince,
who was carried prisoner to Cuzco, and, after a mock
trial by the judge, Loarte, was judicially murdered
by order of the viceroy. Toledo was a legislator and
statesman of considerable ability and industry, and
future viceroys referred to his enactments as au-
thority. He arranged that the Indians should be
governed by chiefs of their own race, and fixed the
tribute to be paid by them, exempting all men
under the age of eighteen and over fifty, thus
putting a stop to arbitrary demands. He virtually
abolished the old system of mita, or forced native
labor, although, in deference to the demands of the
colonists, he enacted that a seventh part of the
.adult male population of every village should still
be obliged to work for the Spaniards, but limiting
the distance they might be taken from their homes
and fixing a reward for their services. The Indians
admitted that the country had not been so well
governed since the time of Inca Yupanqui. He
was recalled in 1581, and on 23 Sept. of that year
delivered the government to his successor, Martin
Enriquez de Almansa, returning to Spain, where
he was arrested on the charge of malversation of
public funds, and died in prison.
TOLEDO, Garcia de, Spanish missionary. 1>. in
Oropesa, Spain, about 1510; d. in Talavera, Spain,
about 1583. He accompanied the viceroy, Mendoza,
to Mexico in 1535. After a short but brilliant ca-
reer as statesman, he entered the convent of St.
Dominick in Mexico. On the demand of his fami-
ly he was sent back to Spain, where he became the
spiritual director of St. Teresa, and his frequent
conversations with this eminent woman only made
him more anxious to devote his life to the service of
the Indians. In 1569 his cousin, Francisco de To-
ledo, was named viceroy of Peru, and invited the
Dominican to accompany him as spiritual adviser.
He was beginning to exercise his ministry in Lima
when the viceroy asked him to be his confidential
adviser on a tour of the provinces. This journey
was followed by several others, during one of which
he converted a tribe of Indians, among whom he
founded a city to which he gave the name of Oropesa.
Among the advantages that the Peruvians drew
from these visits were a number of ordinances ap-
proved by the great council of the Indies. These
ordinances were drawn up by him, and for a long
time formed the basis of (he civil law and the rule
of Peruvian society. In 1577 he was elected provin-
cial of Peru. In spite of his great age and infirm-
ities, he visited every part of his province, founded
several convents, and repaired old ones. He was in
a certain sense the second founder of the University
of Lima. He obtained from his cousin the funds
needed for the construction of new buildings, as the
old ones had become too small for the increasing
number, of students. In 1581 he returned to Spain.
TOLON, Miguel Teurbe (to-lone), Cuban au-
thor, b. in Pensacola, Fla., in 1820 ; d. in Havana,
Cuba, in 1858. When he was a child his parents
went to Matanzas, Cuba, where he received his
education and passed a great part of his life. In
1847 his comedy " Una >i oticia " was performed at
Matanzas, and in the following year he produced
another, " Un Caserio.'" In 1848 he was forced to
emigrate to New York, his political opinions being
in opposition to the Spanish government. In
New York he devoted his time to teaching and to
literary labors, contributing to several newspa-
pers. He returned to Cuba in 1857, where he died
soon afterward. He is the author of " Preludios,"
a collection of poems (Matanzas. 1841) ; " Aguinal-
des Matanzeros " (1847) ; " El Laud del Desterra-
do " (New York, 1852) ; " Elementary Spanish
Reader and Translator " (1852) ; " Leyendas Cu-
banas " (1856) ; and " Flores y Espinas," poems
(Havana, 1858).
TOLSA, Manuel, Spanish engineer and sculptor, b. in Enguera, Valencia, about 1750; d. in Mexico about 1810. He studied architecture and sculpture in the Academy of San Carlos of Madrid, and became a member of the Academy of fine arts of San Fernando. In 1781 he went to Mexico as government architect, and as such he has left numerous marks of his genius in various public buildings, directing the erection of the towers of the cathedral in 1787-'91, and of the College of mines, for which he made the plans and began the building in 1797; but afterward he had to modify the plan, to add a second story, which was begun in 1799. In 1798 he became director of the Academy of San Carlos; but his chief fame rests on the equestrian statue of Charles IV., ordered in 1795 by the viceroy, Marquis de Branciforte, of which a temporary model in plaster was erected in 1796. After the working model was completed by Tolsa, the statue was cast, under his own direction, on 4 Aug.. 1802, without an accident, notwithstanding that it contains thirty tons of bronze. The statue is 15J feet high,
