western New York, and was zealous in his opposi- tion to slavery in Tennessee and Alabama. He received the degree of D. D. from Dickinson col- lege in 1857. He was an adherent to the new- school branch of the Presbyterian church, but an earnest supporter of the reunion in 1869 and 1870, and was a member of the joint committee of reconstruction for the church in the latter year. He has translated from the German " A History of the Christian Church," by Dr. Charles Hase, with Dr. Charles E. Blumenthal (New York, 1856); and published " History of the Presbyteries of Donegal and Carlisle" (Carlisle, 1876); "History of the First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle" (1877); " History of Cumberland County, Pa." (1879) ; and " Historical and Genealogical Register of the De- scendants of John Wing, of Sandwich " (New York, 1885 ; 2d ed., 1888).
WINGATE, George Wood, lawyer, b. in New
York city, 1 July, 1840. He was educated in New
York, and at the age of thirteen entered a law-
office, where he continued until his admission to the
bar in 1861. During the civil war he served with the
22d New York National guards, which he entered
as a private, and was promoted until he became
captain. His experience in the field impressed him
with the necessity of greater training in marks-
manship, and he specially instructed his company
in that subject. After the war he wrote frequently
on rifle-practice, and his' efforts resulted in the
formation of the National rifle association in 1871,
of which he became secretary. In that capacity
he drafted its regulations and aided largely in the
establishment and management of the Creedmoor
rifle-range. Subsequently he became president of
the association, and held that office until 1888. In
1874 he was appointed general iwpector of rifle-
practice of New York state, with the rank of
brigadier-general, but resigned in 1879. In this
office he organized and carried into successful
operation the system of instruction in rifle-prac-
tice that has since been followed by the National
guard, as well as by the U. S. army. He was
the first president of the Amateur rifle-club in
1872, and captain of the first American rifle-team
in 1874, and has been connected with all the Inter-
national rifle-matches. From the part he took in
these matters he has been frequently called " the
father of rifle-practice in America." He was
president of the National guard association of the
United States since 1879, and has been active in his
profession. Gen. Wingate is the author of the
" Last Campaign of the Twenty-second Regiment "
(New York, 1864) ; a " Manual of Rifle-Practice,"
of which seven editions have been issued (1872) ;
and " On Horseback through the Yellowstone "
(1886). — His brother, Charles Frederick, sanitary
engineer, b. in New York city, 5 March, 1847, was
educated in the public schools, and early devoted
his attention to journalism. For five years he was
New York correspondent of the Springfield " Re-
gublican," under the signature of " Carlfried."
'rom 1874 till 1882 he edited successively the
" Paper-Trade Journal," the " American Station-
er," " The Housekeeper," and " The Sanitary Engi-
neer." Since that time he has followed the profes-
sion of a sanitary engineer, and has paid special
attention to the problem of working-men's homes
in cities, on which he has written voluminously in
the New York daily press. In 1887 he was instru-
mental in securing the passage of a bill to amend
the tenement-house law and the small-parks bill.
He organized the Twilight club in 1883, and has
since been its secretary. Mr. Wingate contributed
articles on the "History of the Iweed Ring" to
the " North American Review " in 1874, and has
edited " Views and Interviews on Journalism "
(New York. 1875), and "Twilight Tracts" (1886).
WINGATE, Paine, senator, b. in Amesburv,
Mass.. 14 May, 1739 ; d. in Stratham, N. II.. "7
March, 1838. He was a great-grandson of John
Wingate, of Dover (1660), grandson of Col. Joshua,
who was at the capture of Louisburg, and son of
Rev. Paine Wingate, minister of Amesbury. The
son was graduated at Harvard in 1759, studied
theology, and was ordained a minister of the Con-
gregational church at Hampton Falls, N. H., 14
Dec., 1763, where he preached till his dismissal, 18
March, 1776. He then removed to Stratham, N. H.,
and became a farmer. He was a member of the
New Hampshire legislature, a delegate from that
state to the Continental congress in 1787-'8, and
was U. S. senator from New Hampshire from 4
March, 1789, till 2 March, 1793. He served in con-
gress from New Hampshire in 1793-'5, and was a
judge of the state superior court from 1798 till
1809. He was the last survivor of the original
members of the U. S. senate, and was for several
years the oldest graduate of Harvard.
WINGFIELD, Edwin Maria, English merchant, b. in England about 1570 ; the date of his death is unknown. He was of a family of wealth
and distinction, became a merchant in London,
and took an active part in colonizing Virginia,
under the patent of 10 April, 1606. He sailed with
the first company of emigrants, 19 Dec, 1600, and
was named first president of the colony in the
sealed instructions that were opened on the pas-
sage. Having quarrelled with his associates, espe-
cially with Capt. John Smith, he was deposed, and
returned to England, after which no further de-
tails of his life are known. Charles Deane edited,
with notes and an introduction, " A Discourse of
Virginia," by Wingfield, from the original manu-
script in the Lambeth librarv (Boston, 1860).
WINGFIELD, John Henry Ducachet, P. E, bishop, b. in Portsmouth, Va., 24 Sept., 1833. At the age of thirteen he entered St. Timothy's college, Maryland, where he was graduated in 1850. He served as tutor there for two years, joined the senior class of William and Mary college, Va., in 1852, and was graduated in 1853. Returning to St. Timothy's, he spent another year in teaching, and in the autumn of 1854 removed to New York and became a tutor in the Churchill military academy at Sing Sing. In 1855 he entered the Theological seminary of Virginia, where he remained only one year, removing to Arkansas, and accepting the office of principal of Ashley institute, at Little Rock. He was ordained priest, in the chapel of the Theological seminary of Virginia, 1 July, 1859, by Bishop Johns. In July, 1858, he became assistant to his father, who was rector of Trinity church, Portsmouth, Va. He was rector of Christ church, Rock Spring, Harford co., Md., in 1864. but returned to Portsmouth to his old post in 1866. Two years afterward he became rector of St. Paul's church, Petersburg. Va., where, in 1871, he founded St. Paul's school for young ladies. The degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by William and Mary college in 1869, and that of'LL. D. by the same college in 1874. In that year he removed to California, and was rector of Trinity church, San Francisco. During the session of the general convention at New York in 1874 he was elected missionary bishop of northern California, and he was consecrated in St. Paul's church, Petersburg, Va., on 2 Dec, 1874, but remained in charge of his parish until April, 1875. He became president of the missionary college of
