washed overboard and drowned, in January, 1870. Their grandfather, the fourth earl of Aberdeen, was an eminent statesman, long associated with Sir Robert Peel, and prime-minister in 1853. Lord Aberdeen entered the house of commons as a Conservative, but, disagreeing with Disraeli's government on a question of policy, has since become identified with the Liberal party. For many years he held the office of high commissioner of the Church of Scotland; but it was as lord lieutenant of Ireland, during Gladstone's previous government of Great Britain, that lie became so well known. The earl has been ably seconded in his political career as well as in his various philanthropic and religious efforts by his energetic wife, Isabel Maria, youngest daughter of Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks, first Lord Tweedmouth, to whom he was married in 1877. They have resided in Canada, where the earl owns large tracts of land. He was appointed governor-general, 3 June, 1893, soon after the death of the earl of Derby, who, being childless, was succeeded in the title and estates by his younger brother. Lord Stanley, of Preston, late governor-general, who, however, did not surrender the office to his successor until the middle of July. In 1897 Lord Aberdeen received the degree of LL. D. from Princeton university.
ACAXITLI, Francisco de Sandoval (ah-cash-e'et-lee), Mexican historian; lived in the 16th century. He was an Aztec warrior and cacique of the town of Tlalmanalco, but submitted to the Spaniards; was baptized and appointed captain of the native auxiliary forces that accompanied the expedition against the wild Chichimec Indians in 1540. On his return he wrote "Relación de la Jornada que hizo el virey, Don Antonio de Mendoza, á tierra de los Chichimecos de Xuchipila," the manuscript of which existed in the archives of the Franciscan province of Mexico, and is now in the National library. It was published by Joaquin García Icazbalceta in the second volume of his "Colección de Documentos" (Mexico, 1858-'66).
ACTON, Thomas Coxon, banker, b. in New York city, 33 Feb., 1823; d. in Saybrook, Conn., 1 May, 1898. He was educated in his native city, was clerk for three years, and then was in the surrogate's office, afterward deputy register for six years, in 1860 became commissioner of the New York metropolitan police, and two years later was president of that board, where he remained for seven years, in which office he did good service in suppressing the draft riots. In 1870 he was appointed superintendent of the U. S. assay office, which post he held for twelve years. He became U. S. assistant treasurer at New York in 1882, and in 1887 president of the bank of New Amsterdam in that city. In 1894 Mr. Acton resigned, but he remained a director of the bank.
ADAMS, Charles Coffin, clergyman, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 25 Aug., 1810; d. in New York city, 24 Feb., 1888. He was educated in his native town, ordained to the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal church, and was rector of parishes in Florida and in Baltimore, and from 1862 until his death was in charge of St. Mary's parish. Manhattanville, N. Y. He was a successful pastor and a popular writer. His publications include many pamphlets and magazine articles and "Life of our Lord Jesus Christ" (New York, 1878); "Creation, a Recent Work of God" (1881); and "The Bible a Scientific Study" (1883). He also edited a book of "poems" by "Astarte" (1865), and "Journal of the Life and Labors of John J. Audubon," which was published in London, but for some reason not issued in this country.
ADAMS, David, soldier, b. in Waxaw, S. C., 28 Jan., 1706; d. in Jasper county, Ga., 17 May, 1847. He served in the revolutionary army during the latter part of the war, subsequently removed to Georgia, and settled in Jasper county, where he engaged in Indian warfare as a scout, and was major of militia for ten years. He afterward became brigadier-general and major-general of militia, and during the Creek war in 1813 served under Gen. John Lloyd, commanding an expedition against the towns on the Tallapoosa river, and defeating a greatly superior Indian force. He subsequently held various appointments under the state government, was a commissioner on the part of Georgia when the lands lying between the Ocmulgee and Flint rivers were obtained, served twenty-five years in the legislature, and was frequently speaker of the house.
ADAMS, Joseph Alexander, wood-engraver, b. in Morristown, N. J., 24 June, 1803; d. in Europe in 1875. He received a common-school education, adopted the profession of wood-engraving, and although he was self-taught became an expert in that art. He was one of the earliest amateur experimenters in electrotyping, and was successful in its use in duplicating his work on hard metal. He became an associate of the National academy in 1833, and illustrated several valuable books. The most important of his works was his engraving of John G. Chapman's designs in Harper's illustrated Bible. He accompanied Mr. Chapman to Europe in 1848, remaining abroad: his later life being passed in retirement, and it is probable that his death occurred in Italy, where he spent many years. See Woodbury's "Noted Engravers."
ADLER, Cyrus, librarian, b. in Van Buren, Ark., 13 Sept., 1863. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1883 and then entered Johns Hopkins, where he was successively a fellow, instructor, and associate in Semitic languages, receiving in 1887 the degree of Ph. D. in course. In 1888 he became honorary assistant curator of oriental antiquities in the National museum and arranged the collections there. Since 1895 he has been custodian of the collection of oriental antiquities and religious ceremonials, which department was developed by him, and in 1893 he was made librarian of the Smithsonian institution. Besides his regular reports as curator and librarian. Dr. Adler has contributed "Progress of Oriental Science in America during 1888" and "The Shofar, its Use and Origin" to the Smithsonian publications. He has also contributed numerous papers to the proceedings of the American oriental society, the American philological society, and the Jewish historical society.
AGNEW, David Hayes, surgeon, b. in Lancaster county. Pa., 24 Nov., 1818; d. in Philadelphia, 22 March, 1893. His education was received at two colleges. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1838, and began to practise in Chester county, but removed to Philadelphia and became a lecturer in the School of anatomy, also establishing the Philadelphia school of operative surgery. In 1854 he was elected one of the surgeons of the Philadelphia hospital, where he founded a pathological museum, and was also surgeon to the Pennsylvania hospital. In 1863 he was appointed demonstrator of anatomy and assistant lecturer on clinical surgery in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, in 1870 he was chosen to the chair of clinical surgery, and in 1871 he became professor of the principles and practice of surgery there, and of clinical surgery in the University hospital. For several years he was one of the surgeons at Wills ophthalmic
