55. Xanthomonas proteamaculans (Paine and Stansfield, 1919) Burkholder, 1948. (Pseudomonas proteamaculans Paine and Stansfield, Ann. Appl. Biol., 6, 1919, 38; Burkholder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 169.) pro.te.a.ma'cu.lans. Gr. Proteus a god; M.L. noun Protea a plant generic name; L. V. maculo to spot; M.L. part. adj. 'proteama- culans spotting Protea. Rods 0.6 to 0.8 by 0.8 to 1.6 microns. Motile with 1 to 3 polar flagella. Gram- positive (Paine and Stansfield). Gram-nega- tive (Dowson, personal communication, August, 1953). Gelatin: Liquefied. Agar slant: Growth wet-shining, dirty white with a faint yellow tinge. Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Slight ring. Milk: Acid with soft curd after 2 days. Later a separation of whey. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Acid and gas from glucose, sucrose and mannitol. No acid or gas from lactose. Starch: Slight hydrolysis. Source: Repeated isolation from a leaf- spot of Protea in England. Habitat: Pathogenic on Protea cynar- oides.
56. Xanthomonas manihotis (Ar- thaud-Berthet, 1912) Starr, 1946. {Bacillus manihotus (sic) Arthaud-Berthet, in Bon- dar, Chacaras and Quintaes, 5 (4), 1912, 15; Starr, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 136.) ma.ni.ho'tis. M.L. Manihot a plant generic name; M.L. gen. noun manihotis of Manihot. Description from Burkholder (Phyto- path.,S^, 1942, 147). Rods 0.35 to 0.93 by 1.4 to 2.8 microns. Mostly non-motile. One isolate showed a few cells with a single polar flagellum. Amaral (Instit. Biol., Sao Paulo, Arq., IS, 1942, 120) states that the species is mo- tile with a single polar flagellum. Gram- negative. Gelatin: Liquefied. Beef -extract-peptone agar slant: Growth raised, ivory-colored, smooth, shiny, with edges entire. Potato-glucose agar: Growth abundant, white to hyaline, very mucoid. Broth: Turbid with a whitish granular ring. Litmus milk: Litmus reduced and milk clears. With return of color, litmus is purple. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced. Nitrites produced from nitrates (Drum- mond and Hipolito, Ceres, 2, 1941, 298). Asparagine not used as a nitrogen and carbon source. No growth in nitrate syn- thetic broth. Weak growth but slight acid production in synthetic medium plus glucose, d-galac- tose, d-fructose, d-xylose, maltose or su- crose. No growth in rhamnose, 1-arabinose, d-lactose, glycerol, mannitol or salicin. Good growth with alkaline reaction in same medium plus salts of the following acids: acetic, citric, malic, maleic or succinic. The salts of formic, hippuric, lactic and tartaric acids were not utilized. Starch hydrolyzed. Pectate medium liquefied. Lipolytic action slight. Aerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, 30° C. Minimum, 5° C. Maximum, 38° C. Source: First isolated from the cassava. Manihotus utilissima, in Brazil. Habitat: Produces a wilt disease on various species of Manihotus.
57. Xanthomonas rubrisubalbicans (Christopher and Edgerton, 1930) Savu- lescu, 1947. {Phytomonas rubrisubalbicans Christopher and Edgerton, Jour. Agr. Res., 41, 1930, 266; Sivulescu, Anal. Acad. Ro- mane. III, 22, 1947, 11.) ru.bri. sub. al'bi. cans. L. ruber red; L. subalbicans whitish; M.L. adj. rubrisubalbi- cans red whitish. Short rods with polar flagella. En- capsulated. Gram-negative. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Bacto-glucose agar colonies: Circular, glistening, viscid, milky gray to buff. Margins translucent, entire. Broth: Turbid after 24 hours. Pellicle and a ropy sediment. Indole produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced. No acid or gas from carbohydrates. Starch hydrolyzed.
