alkaline, opalescent, translucent to yellow- ish gray. Potato: Abundant, moist, yellowish brown to brown growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide is produced. Acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose, sorbitol, xylose, rhamnose and trehalose. Fermentation of arabinose, dulci- citol, 1-tartrate, d-tartrate, dl-tartrate and mucate is variable. No action on lac- tose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol or inositol. Sodium citrate may or may not be uti- lized. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Trimethylamine produced from trimethj-l- amine o.xide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Antigenic structure: 1, 9, 12: g, m: — . Comment: Varieties of this species have been recognized on the basis of differences in biochemical behavior. Source : Isolated from feces in an epidemic of meat poisoning at Frankenhausen, Ger- many. Habitat: Widely distributed, occurring in man. Also found in domestic and wild animals, particularly rodents. 4. Salmonella typhosa (Zopf, 1884) White, 1930. (Bacillus des Abdominal-Ty- phus, Eberth, Arch. f. path. Anat., 81, 1880, 58; also see ihid., 83, 1881 , 486 ; Typhus Bacil- len, Gaffky, Mitteil. a. d. kaiserl. Gesund- heitsamte, £, 1884, 372; Bacterium typhosum Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 2 Aufl., 1884, 90; Bacil- lus typhosus Zopf, Die Spaltpilze, 3 Aufl., 1885, 126; not Bacillus typhosus Klebs, Hand, d. path. Anat., 1880; also see Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharmac, 13, 1881, 392; Bacillus typhi Schroeter, in Cohn, Kryptogamen- Flora V. Schlesien, 3, 1886, 165; Bacillus typhi abdominalis Fliigge, Die Mikroorga- nismen, 2 Aufl., 1886, 198; Bacterium {Eber- thella) typhi Buchanan, Jour. Bact., 3, 1918, 53 (type species of genus Eherthella Bu- chanan, loc. cit.); Salmonella typhi Warren and Scott, Jour, of Hyg., 29, 1930, 416; White, Jour, of Hyg., 29, 1930, 443.) ty.pho'sa. Gr. noun typhus a stupor, here used in the sense of typhoid; M.L. adj. typhosris pertaining to typhoid. Rods, 0.6 to 0.7 by 2.0 to 3.0 microns, occurring singly, in pairs and occasionally in short chains. Motile by means of peri- trichous flagella; sometimes non-motile. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Grayish, transparent to opaque, with leaf -like surface markings. Gelatin stab: Thin, white, opalescent growth. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Grayish, transparent to opaque. Agar slant: Whitish gray, glistening, echinulate, entire to undulate growth. Broth: Turbid; moderate sediment; deli- cate pellicle in old cultures. Litmus milk: Slight, transient acidity, followed by a return to neutral or to slight alkalinit3^ Potato: Delicate, moist, slightly spread- ing, barely visible growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide usually produced. Acid but no gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose, sorbitol and trehalose. Fermenta- tion of arabinose, dulcitol, xylose, inositol and d-tartrate is variable. No action on lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol, rham- nose, 1-tartrate or dl-tartrate. Mucate may or may not show late fermentation. Sodium citrate may or may not be uti- lized. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Antigenic structure: 9, 12, (Vi) : di : d2 . By means of Vi phages, distinct types can be recognized which are of epidemiological importance. Pathogenic for laboratory animals on parenteral inoculation. Source: Isolated from human cases of typhoid fever, from contaminated water and from foods. Isolated once from a chicken by Henning, Onderstepoort, South Africa. Habitat: The cause of typhoid fever. 5. Salmonella hirschfeldii Weldin, 1927. {Bacillus paratyphosus (85, Weil, Wien. klin.
