Wochnschr., 30, 1917, 1001; Paratyphoid C bacillus, Hirschfeld, Lancet, 1, 1919, 296; Weldin, Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 1, 1927, 161.) hirsch.fel'di.i. M.L. gen. noun hirsch- feldii of Hirschfeld; named for L. Hirsch- feld, who worked with this organism. Rods, 0.3 to 0.5 by 1.0 to 2.5 microns, oc- curring singly. Motile by means of peri- trichous flagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Grayish, smooth, flat, glistening, irregular. Gelatin stab: Flat, grayish surface growth. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Grayish, moist, smooth, translucent. Broth: Turbid. Litmus milk: Slightly acid, becoming alkaline. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced. Acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose, sorbitol, dulcitol and xylose. d-Tar- trate and 1-tartrate are attacked. Fer- mentation of arabinose, rhamnose and tre- halose is variable. No action on lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol, inositol, dl-tar- trate or mucate. Sodium citrate is utilized. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Antigenic structure: 6, 7, Vi: c, 1, 5. Source: Isolated from cases of enteric fever in man. Habitat: A natural pathogen of man causing enteric fever. paratyphoid; M.L. gen. noun paratyphi of paratyphoid. Rods, 0.6 by 3.0 to 4.0 microns, occurring singly. Usually motile by means of peri- trichous flagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Bluish gray, homogene- ous, smooth, glistening, entire to slightly undulate. Gelatin stab: Fair surface growth. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Grayish, homogeneous, smooth, glistening, entire to slightly un- dulate. Agar slant: Filiform, grayish, smooth, glistening growth. Broth: Turbid; slight, grayish sediment. Litmus milk: Slightly acid. Potato: Limited, dirty white streak. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced by most strains. Acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose, sorbitol, arabinose and trehalose. Fermentation of dulcitol and rhamnose is variable. No action on lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol, xylose, inositol, 1-tartrate, d-tartrate, dl-tartrate or mucate. Sodium citrate not utilized. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Antigenic structure: 1, 2, 12: a: — . Source: Isolated from cases of enteric fever in man. Habitat: A natural pathogen of man caus- ing enteric fever. Not known to be a natural pathogen of other animals. 6. Salmonella paratyphi (Kayser, 1902) Castellani and Chalmers, 1919. {Bacterium paratyphi Typus A, Brion and Kayser, Munch, med. Wochnschr., 45, 1902, 611; Bacterium paratyphi Kayser, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 31, 1902, 426; Castellani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 3rd ed., 1919, 938.) pa.ra.ty'phi. Gr. prep, para alongside of, therefore resembling; Gr. noun typhus a stupor, here meaning typhoid fever, the typhus ahdominalis; M.L. noun paratyphus 7. Salmonella schottmuelleri (Wins- low et al., 1919) Bergey et al., 1923. (Bacilli paratyphique, Achard and Bensaude, Soc. m6d. des Hop. de Paris, 13, 1896, 679; Bacil- lus paratyphi alcaligenes Schottmiiller, Deutsche med. Wochnschr., 32, 1900, 511; Bacterium paratyphi Typus B, Brion and Kayser, Miinch. med. Wochnschr., 49, 1902, Qll; Bacillus schottmulleri Winslow, Kligler and Rothberg, Jour. Bact., 4, 1919, 479; Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 213.) schott.muel'le.ri. M.L. gen. noun schott-
