Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction.
Blood serum: No liquefaction.
Brain medium: No blackening or digestion.
Egg-meat medium: Small gas bubbles in 8 hours. Meat becomes pinkish and the liquid slightly turbid. No blackening or digestion.
Anaerobic.
Optimum temperature, 37° C. Growth occurs at 50° C.
An exotoxin is produced.
Pathogenic for guinea pigs, mice and rabbits. Also pathogenic for hamsters (Ryff and Lee, Science, 101, 1945, 361).
Source: The cause of black leg, black quarter or symptomatic anthrax in cattle and other animals.
Habitat: Probably soil, especially where heavily manured.
19. Clostridium nauseum Spray, 1947. (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 15; also see ibid., 55, 1948, 839.)
nau′se.um. Gr. noun nausea sea sickness; M.L. adj. nauseus nauseous, sickening.
Rods, 0.8 to 1.1 by 6.0 to 12.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains of 4 to 6 cells. Spores ellipsoidal to elongate, subterminal, distinctly swelling the cells, often becoming apparently terminal at maturation. Actively motile, especially in young cultures in semi-solid medium, by means of numerous peritrichous flagella. Gram-positive in early vegetative stage, but Gram-negative at sporulation.
Gelatin (or iron-gelatin): Very slow liquefaction; softened at 14 days; complete liquefaction at 30 days; not blackened even in the presence of an iron strip.
Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): Minute, transparent, flat, slightly lobate.
Agar deep colonies: Minute, lenticular, entire, whitish to creamy.
Milk (with iron strip): Solidly coagulated at 4 to 5 days; clot shrinks slowly, but without gas, blackening or digestion. Evidently a rennet curdling, since the whey reaction is neutral to litmus.
Indole production is questionable; if positive, it is obscured by an abundance of skatole. Mercaptan is produced together with other aromatic, putrid, nitrogenous compounds not yet identified.
Lead acetate agar or peptone iron agar (Difco): Blackened in 24 hours.
Acid and gas from glucose, fructose and maltose. Sucrose, lactose, inulin, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and inositol are not attacked.
Nitrites not produced from nitrates.
Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction.
Blood agar: No hemolysis.
Blood serum: No liquefaction.
Brain medium (Hibler): Blackened but not visibly digested.
Anaerobic.
Optimum temperature not determined, but grows well at both 37° C. and at room temperature.
Not pathogenic for white mice, guinea pigs or rabbits.
Distinctive character: Extremely nauseous, fecal odor, due apparently to some presently unidentified aromatic nitrogenous compound.
Source: Isolated three times from soil.
Habitat: Presumably from soil.
20. Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall, 1929) Hauduroy et al., 1937. (Clostridium hemolyticus bovis (sic) Vawter and Records, Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 68 (N.S. 21), 1925-26, 512; Bacillus hemolyticus (sic) Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 45, 1929, 156; Clostridium hemolyticum (sic) Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 125.)
hae.mo.ly′ti.cum. Gr. noun haema blood; Gr. adj. lyticus dissolving; M.L. adj. haemolyticus blood-dissolving.
Rods, 1.0 to 1.3 by 3.0 to 5.6 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains. Spores ovoid to elongate, subterminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means of long, peritrichous flagella. Gram-positive.
Gelatin: Liquefaction.
Agar deep colonies: At first lenticular, becoming densely woolly masses with short, peripheral filaments. Little or no gas produced.
Egg yolk agar surface colonies: Punctiform, surrounded by a wide area of precipitation (McClung and Toabe, Jour. Bact., 53, 1947, 139).
