in New Zealand, France, Germany, Chile and England. 21b. Clostridium novyi Type C, Scott et al., 1934. (Non-pathogenic bacillus of osteo- myelitis of water buffalo, Kraneveld, Ne- derl. Ind. Bl. Diergeneesk., A2, 1930, 564; Scott, Turner and Vawter, Proc. 12th Inter- nat. Vet. Cong., N. Y., 2, 1934, 175; Clostri- dium huhalorum Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 61, 1938, 82; Bacillus osteomyelitis huhalorum Prevot, Man. d. Class, et d. Determ. d. Bact., 1940, 123). Large rods, 1.5 to 2.0 by 8.0 to 10.0 mi- crons, occurring singly, in pairs and in chains. Spores ovoid, swelling the cells only slightly if at all. Motile by means of peri- trichous fiagella. Gram-positive. Glucose blood agar surface colonies: No growth without further enrichment with 30 per cent serum; thin delicate cords of filaments, dull surface, scarcely raised above medium surface. Strictly anaerobic. Non -toxic. Lack of toxin differentiates Type C from Types A and B. Not pathogenic for experimental animals. Source: Isolated from bacillary osteo- myelitis of water buffaloes in Java. Habitat: Not determined other than this single isolation. 22. Clostridium botulimini (van Er- mengem, 1896) Holland, 1920. (Bacillus botulinus van Ermengem, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 19, 1896, 443; also see Ztschr. f. Hyg., £6, 1897, 48; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 217.) bo.tu.li'num. L. noun hotulus a sausage; M.L. adj. hotMlinus pertaining to sausage. The original van Ermengem strain is not available, and the desci-iption by van Er- mengem is inadequate for classification purposes. Description taken from Bengtson (U. S. Public Health Serv., Hyg. Lab. Bull. 136, 1924, 33), who used Lister Institute Strain No. 94 (Brit. Med. Res. Counc, Spec. Kept. Ser. No. 12, 1917, 29; and ibid., Spec. Rept., Ser. No. 39, 1919, 26) as a type cul- ture. Clostridium botulinum Type B. Rods, 0.5 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singlj^, in pairs and in short to occasionally^ long chains. Spores ovoid, central, subterminal, terminal at maturation, swelling the cells. Motile by means of peritrichous fiagella. Gram-posi- tive. Gelatin: Liquefaction. Liver agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : No perceptible growth. Liver agar deep colonies: Fluffy with dense center. Egg j'olk agar surface colonies: (Type B) Flat, spreading, with irregular edges and a luster which extends in a regular circle slightly beyond the colony edge. An area of precipitation lies under the colony and to the edge of the luster zone. The reaction zones tend to be wider than those of Clostri- dium parabotulinum Types A and B. Broth: Scant growth, if at all. Liver broth: Luxuriantly turbid; con- siderable gas. Milk: Slowly increasing acidity. No coag- ulation. No gas. Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, malt- ose, dextrin, glycerol, adonitol and inositol. Galactose, sucrose, lactose, raffinose, inulin, dulcitol, mannitol, xylose, arabinose, rham- nose and salicin not fermented (Bengtson, op. cit., 1924, 22-25). Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Brain medium: No blackening or diges- tion. Strictly anaerobic. Optimum temperature, between 20° and 30° C. (van Ermengem, op. cit., 1897, 42); 30° C. (van Ermengem, Arch. d. Pharma- codyn., 3, 1897, 213 and 499; also see Wil- liams and Reed, Jour. Inf. Dis., 71, 1942, 227). Growth usually earlier at 37° C. (Sta- rin. Jour. Inf. Dis., 38, 1926, 103). A powerful exotoxin is produced which is neurotoxic both on injection and on feeding. Toxin is neutralized by Clostridium para- botulinum Type B antitoxin. Toxin produc- tion probably best around 28° C. Pathogenic for animals. Comments: Clostridium botulinum Hol- land comprises a number of toxic types, conveniently divided by Bengtson (op. cit., 1924, 33), by Meyer and Gunnison (Jour. Inf. Dis., 45, 1929, 96 and 108) and by Gun- nison and Meyer (Jour. Inf. Dis., 4-5, 1929, 130) into a non-ovolytic (Clostridium botu-
